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* [http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/index.html The Sherrill Group - Notes] ...//www.quantum-chemistry-history.com/ Early ideas in the history of quantum chemistry]

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In [[chemistry]], the term '''colligative property''' refers to any physical property of a Atkins, P.W. ''Physical Chemistry (5th ed.)'', New York: W.H. Freeman and Co, 1994.

...[chemical reaction]]s involving [[organic compound]]s. The basic [[organic chemistry]] reaction types are [[addition reaction]]s, [[elimination reaction]]s, [[s ...h the [[Wöhler synthesis]] in 1828. In the history of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions su

== Chemistry ==

...st stable allotrope of carbon in [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] prescribed [[standard conditions]].

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'''Molality''' is a unit of concentration used in [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], especially when dealing with [[colligative]] properties.

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...ompetitive work of multiple disciplines, including disciplines in physics, chemistry, and biology, anthropology, and archeology. In its broadest ambition, the s

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|iupac= see chemistry section == Chemistry ==

...y authoritative body such as the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Duffus|first=John H.|date=2002|title="He

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* [[International Chemistry Olympiad Training Camp]]

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== Chemistry ==

...d Rudolf Renner of the Jahn–Teller and Renner–Teller effects'', Structural Chemistry, vol. '''20''', pp. 537&ndash;540 (2009). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s1122

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She studied mathematics, chemistry and physics at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1891, becoming the first woman to t ...work that they had begun together. She received a second Nobel Prize, for Chemistry, in 1911 for the discovery and study of polonium and radium. This made her

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...T. Eagle and J. Sloan, ''Marie Anne Paulze Lavoisier: The Mother of Modern Chemistry'', The Chemical Educator vol. '''3''' (1998) [http://www.springerlink.com/c ...I. Duveen, ''Madame Lavoisier'', Chymia: Annual Studies in the History of Chemistry, vol. '''4''', pp. 13-29 (1953)

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*{{cite book|author=Ernő Mészáros|title=Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamental Aspects|edition=|publisher=Elsevier Science Ltd.|year=1981|id=

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== Chemistry == ...xidation]] with the Beaucage reagent provides the second sulfur atom. The chemistry required to synthesize DNA with the incorporation of two sulfur atoms was d

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...|Arabic]]: ''al-qaly'' 'the calcined ashes') is a specific type of [[Base (chemistry)|base]], formed as a [[carbonate]], [[hydroxide]] or other [[Ionic compound ...a [[pH]] greater than seven and hence can be detected with [[litmus test (chemistry)|litmus paper]] (litmus will turn blue on contact with an alkali).

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...e: Is It More Than Chemistry?'' (translated by M. Gross). Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-867-7.

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...ounds. Today, most substituted triazoles are produced by so-called [[click chemistry]] pioneered by [[K. Barry Sharpless]] and others (see below). Synonyms for Most substituted triazoles are synthesized by one of several click chemistry methods. One method uses [[palladium]] (Pd) catalysts to couple [[alkyne|al

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;''Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry'' : ...674636, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001 [http://www.abcte.org/exam_preparation/chemistry/nuclear_chemistry_3].

== Chemistry ==

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In [[chemistry]], a '''van der Waals radius''' is a measure for the size of an atom that i ...di.<ref>A. Bondi, ''Van der Waals volumes and radii'', Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. '''68''', p. 441 (1964)</ref> Recommended van der Waals radii are use

...kyballs") were discovered, leading to the award of the 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry to Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley.

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In chemistry, a '''sulfonamide''' is an [[amide]] of a [[sulfonic acid]], with the gener

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*{{cite book|author=John O. Marsden and C. Iain House|title=The Chemistry of Gold Extraction|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=[[Society for Mining, Meta

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==Chemistry== ...8), for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances (He was the first to probe the [[atom]]).

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...ically philosophical disciplines such as [[alchemy]], which later became [[chemistry]], or [[astrology]], part of which later became [[astronomy]], but it is no ...nces in their developmental patterns. I think, for example, of fields like chemistry and electricity before the mid-eighteenth century, of the study of heredity

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...vironmental engineering]]. [[Chemical kinetics]] is the part of [[physical chemistry]] which studies reaction rates. *''[[Order (chemistry)|Order]]'': The order of the reaction has a major effect on its rate. The o

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*{{cite book|author=James G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year

== Chemistry ==

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...n their natural abundance. The latter case is most commonly encountered in chemistry.

...d oxygen, illustrating the law of multiple proportions.] USC Department of Chemistry.

* [http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ NIST Chemistry WebBook] Website of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]

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==Chemistry== # N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, ''Chemistry of the Elements'', 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.

...rbonate]], and other biologically significant ions. In general analytical chemistry, they usually are a cheaper, faster alternative to other methods such as [[ | url = http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/Instrumentation/IS_Electrod.html

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* Pauling L. (1988) [http://books.google.com/books?id=EpxSzteNvMYC General Chemistry.] Edition: 3. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0486656225, ISBN 97804866562 * Jaffe B. (1976) ''Crucibles, The Story of Chemistry: From Ancient Alchemy to Nuclear Fission.'' 4th Edition. Dover Publication

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...competitions exist in a variety of disciplines ranging from [[Biology]], [[Chemistry]] and [[Physics]] to [[Earth science]]s, [[Mathematics]], [[Informatics]] a

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{{Dambigbox|Absorption (chemistry) |Absorption}} In [[chemistry]], '''absorption''' is a process by which a substance incorporated in one [

...is]] - <i>de novo</i> synthesis of glucose molecules from simple [[organic chemistry|organic]] compounds

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{{Image|Chemistry - Benzene - Kekule Structure.png|right|350px|The commonly recognized, but s

====Clinical chemistry====

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...rstSearch]] library database. Topics include [[engineering]], acoustics, [[chemistry]], [[computers]], metallurgy, [[physics]], plastics, telecommunications, tr

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* {{cite book|author=Robert C. Weast (Editor)|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=56th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1975|id=ISBN 0-87

Using rules defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the name may be written formally, to provide, within the limits of text, n {{Image|Chemistry - Benzene - Kekule Structure.png|right|350px|Benzene ring}}

...is a member of a broad class of drugs characterized by effect rather than chemistry. They "suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Cla

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== Chemistry and biochemistry of mustard gasses == The chemistry and health effects of mustard gas have been thoroughly studied and comprehe

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* Mauskopf, Seymour H. "Chemistry and Cannon: J.-L. Proust and Gunpowder Analysis," ''Technology and Culture, ...ham, Joseph and Ho, Ping-yü. ''Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Part 7: Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic.''

|iupac= see Chemistry == Chemistry ==

...d Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. His research background is in [[physical chemistry]] He holds a Ph.D and B.S., Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; B.A., History and Economics, Amhers

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...s a Hungarian–British polymath who made original contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He was both a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] ...ed, and during his convalescence wrote what became a doctorate in physical chemistry from the University of Budapest (with Gusztáv Buchböck) in 1917.

...chemical sciences and to contribute to the international application of [[chemistry]] by scientists, engineers and others. It is an association of organization ...e U.S. National Committee for the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (USNC&thinsp;/&thinsp;IUPAC)].</ref>

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...pungent toxic chemical widely used as a chlorination reagent in [[organic chemistry]]. It has many synonyms, including thionyl dichloride, sulfurous oxychlorid

...) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed086p148 Robert Boyle: The Founder of Modern Chemistry]. ''J. Chem. Educ.'' 86(2):148-149.

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...mdash; a presentation by Jean-Claude Bradley on practical aspects of doing chemistry in the open

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...are found in nature.<ref name=schwochau>Schwochau K. (2000) ''Technetium: chemistry and radiopharmaceutical applications''. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 9783527294961. | [h ...ically useful compounds. There have been entire conferences devoted to the chemistry and uses of technetium.<ref name=scerrinatblog>Scerri E. (2011) [http://blo

...Diego, California]] and [[Jupiter, Florida]], and grants Ph.D. degrees in chemistry and biology through its Kellogg School of Science and Technology.

...i.ac.il/history/faraday.htm Michael Faraday] biography at the Institute of Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

...nce extended far beyond Edinburgh: during his eleven years as Professor of Chemistry, he had forty American students, many of whom in turn sent their best stude ...ied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he became interested in chemistry, and he was one of the founders of the [[Royal Medical Society]]. In 1736,

|iupac= see chemistry section

{{Image|CZ-Lab.jpg|right|450px|A chemistry laboratory.}} ...//www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/applychem/inorganic.html Inorganic Chemistry: A Study Guide] From the website of the [[University of Waterloo]], [[Cana

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...the heating of homes and the industrial preparation of [[hydrogen]]. In [[chemistry]], it is the first member of a series of saturated hydrocarbons, the [[alka

...orge A. Jeffrey. ''An Introduction to Hydrogen Bonding (Topics in Physical Chemistry)''. Oxford University Press, USA (March 13, 1997). ISBN 0-19-509549-9

*{{cite book|author=Robert C. Weast (Editor)|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=56th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1975|id=ISBN 0-87

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* [http://www.abc.chemistry.bsu.by/current/fulltext.htm Chemistry]

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...e Periodic Law". Chapter XV. In: Mendeléeff D. (1897) ''The Principles of Chemistry''. Volume II. 6th edition. Translated from Russian by: George Kamensky. Edi

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...ments ''Y'' and ''Z'', say &mdash; can form multiple different [[Compound (chemistry)|compounds]], the ratio of the weights of any one of the elements in the di ...d oxygen, illustrating the law of multiple proportions.] USC Department of Chemistry.</ref>

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...ta/Ea/Contents.Html Elements And Atoms: Case Studies In The Development Of Chemistry — Preface And Contents].

...ear=1961}} Update to the classic 1923 Textbook, revised, used for Advanced Chemistry (graduate) students.

This is a list of famous [[chemistry|chemists]] in alphabetical order. *[[Peter Agre]], (1949-), American chemist and doctor, 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]

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...ture vaporization and excitation of samples for instrumental [[analytical chemistry]]. It is especially popular for generating samples for [[atomic spectrometr | url = http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/mrl/centralfacilities/chemistry/icp.pdf

..... despite the fact that it was definitely recommended for use by the [[CZ:Chemistry style guide]].

| title = Pyrotechnic Chemistry ...This type of welding is used as a spectacular demonstration in high school chemistry, although it generally is too dangerous for inexperienced students to perfo

...iology]], an example might be a [[termite]] nest or a [[bee]]s' nest. In [[chemistry]], an example is the spontaneous generation of [[supramolecule]]s by self-a

...ear=1961}} Update to the classic 1923 Textbook, revised, used for Advanced Chemistry (graduate) students.

== Chemistry == ...²H) or [[tritium]] (³H), respectively. In [[nuclear chemistry]] reactions, high energy protons, travelling at near the [[speed of light]]

|iupac= see chemistry section

...Italian chemist, [[Stanislao Cannizzaro]] constructed a logical system of chemistry based on it.

....chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Chemical-Reactions.html Chemistry Explained] Chemistry Encyclopedia</ref> ...?id=ZOm8L9oCwLMC&pg=PA633}} and {{cite book |title=Modern physical organic chemistry |author=Eric V. Anslyn, Dennis A. Dougherty |pages=pp. 68 ''ff'' |chapter=�

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* {{cite book | author=McQuarrie, Donald A | title=Quantum Chemistry | location=Mill Valley, Calif. | publisher=University Science Books | year

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...e from about 0 (strongly acidic) to about 14 (strongly alkaline or [[base (chemistry)|basic]]). The pH of a neutral solution (neither acid or basic), such as p ...html pH: Potenz, The Determination of Hydrogen Ions, History of Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Past and Present] From the JRank Science & Philosophy we

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...by Thomas Graham (1805-1869), a Scottish scientist who became Professor of chemistry at Glasgow University.

...ical)|signs]] on examination, and the result of laboratory (e.g., clinical chemistry, hematology, microbiology) and [[medical imaging|imaging]] tests. Often, sy

...zes/quizzes NSEW science and engineering quiz]</ref> with topics including chemistry, space, animals and physics.

...: 1768-1796.)''"The Library holds some fifteen volumes containing notes of chemistry lectures delivered by Black. Two volumes were compiled by William Henry (17 ...eluctant catalyst: Joseph Black and the Edinburgh reception of Lavoisier's chemistry.

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...Gee''' (born October 3, 1951) is an American author who writes about the [[chemistry]] and history of [[food science]] and [[cooking]]. He is best known for his ...11|year=1999|pages=30|doi=10.1063/1.882728}}</ref> and lectured on kitchen chemistry at cooking schools, universities, The [[Oxford Symposia on Food and Cookery

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{{r|Calvin Dooley}} President and Chief Executive Officer, American Chemistry Council; Board of Trustees, [[German Marshall Fund]]

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In chemistry, a '''molecule''' is an aggregate of two or more [[atom]]s in a definite ar <ref>{{cite book|author=Pauling, Linus |title=General Chemistry|location=New York | publisher=Dover Publications, Inc.|year=1970|id=ISBN 04

In [[quantum chemistry]], an '''electron orbital''' (or more often just '''orbital''') is a synony ...one-electron Schrödinger equations. This distinction faded out in quantum chemistry, resulting in the present definition of "normalizable one-electron functio

*{{cite book|author=James G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|Edition=4th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|date=20

This should probably be a subpage of the chemistry workgroup or a CZ: page. --[[User:Robert W King|Robert W King]] 11:49, 22 F ...e a file. I have no objection to that name or to it being a subpage of the Chemistry Workgroup homepage. I will leave the final placement of the article up to t

...east of the county and was the crucible where many advances in industrial chemistry were first made. Large petrol chemical works line the northern boundary of

...ation of Straight-run Pennsylvania Gasoline|journal=Industrial Engineering Chemistry|volume=24|issue=5| pages=482-485|date=May 24, 1932}}</ref> |align=left|= [[mole fraction]] of more [[Volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] component in the overhead distillate

In [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], the '''Faraday constant''' ''F'' is the amount of charge

...he father of modern chemical engineering for his role in coordination of [[chemistry]], [[physics]] and [[engineering]] into an independent discipline serving t ...ar as a laboratory assistant, was awarded a fellowship to study [[physical chemistry]] at the [[University of Breslau]] (Universität Breslau) [[in Germany]].<r

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'''Methamphetamine''' is an organic [[chemistry|chemical]] substance. Its chemical name is '''d-N-methylamphetamine''' and

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*{{Cite book|author=James G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=|publisher=Marcel Dekker|year=1999|page

**The history of chemistry through the quest for the elements. **"As the field [chemistry] slowly progressed, another pioneer was to emerged almost 100 years later.

...a Biochemistry Subgroup which can have affiliations with both biology and chemistry. Perfect!! 23:02, 28 September 2008 (CDT)

In [[chemistry]], '''normality''' (N) is a term used to indicate chemical concentrations t

...xford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0632043210 (pbk.). 321 pages. | [http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/faculty/blankenship Author website.] ...ning graduate students in a range of disciplines, including life sciences, chemistry and physics. An understanding of basic principles ofchemistry, physics and

...Jean-Pierre Badeau and Albrecht Levi (Editors)|title=Biomass Gasification: Chemistry, Processes and Applications|edition=|publisher=Nova Science|date=2009|id=IS

...ed to leave Prague. He took the position of Head of Biological and Medical Chemistry in the Medical School at the [[University of Istanbul]] and devoted himself ...n my opinion he is one of the leading men in the world in the field of the chemistry of proteins. His researches are characterized by imagination and good execu

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...[molecular mass]] ('''''M''''') of the substance divided by its [[density (chemistry)|density]] ('''''ρ''''') at the given temperature and pressure:

* Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology ...aff of approximately 75, of which 35 have academic backgrounds in physics, chemistry, meteorology, engineering, urban planning, including students and visiting

...ontaining [[carbon]] [[silicon]] [[chemical bond|bonds]]. '''Organosilicon chemistry''' is the corresponding science exploring the properties and reactivity of ...dy suggested that silicates might be extensively involved in the prebiotic chemistry.

In [[chemistry]], an '''electric dipole''' is a charge distribution consisting of two ele ...the point charges times the magnitude of the charges. Often, especially in chemistry, this size (a scalar) is also referred to as "dipole moment".

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...problems may involve [[mathematics]], [[computer science]], [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biomedical engineering]], [[mechanical engineering]], and [[industrial

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...M. Morel and Janet G. Hering|title=Principles and Applications of Aquatic Chemistry|edition=|publisher=Wiley Interscience|pages=Pages 25-29|year=1993|id=ISBN 0 ...}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Kostiner and Neil D. Jesperson|title=Chemistry|Edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Barron's Educational Series|pages=Pages 78-80

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...[[Drosophilidae|fruit fly]], [[Drosophila melanogaster]]. Under [[ether (chemistry)|ether]] [[anesthesia]], the fly’s legs will shake, and even unanaestheti

'''Chemistry''' is the [[science]] of materials. Chemists consider that all of the mater ...ic radiation]] in [[photochemistry|photochemical]] reactions). Traditional chemistry also deals with the analysis of chemicals both in and apart from a reaction

...ntum chemistry methods|ab initio methods]] in the field of [[computational chemistry]]. It improves on the [[Hartree-Fock]] method by adding [[electronic correl ...sed in calculating small systems and are implemented in many computational chemistry codes. Higher level MP calculations, generally only MP5, are possible in so

*{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroelum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year

'''Radiation chemistry''' is a subdivision of [[nuclear chemistry]] which is the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter; this i ...ené G. Rodriguez, Scott Pristupa and Aaron Ruhter, ''Radiation Physics and Chemistry'', 2002, '''65'''(4-5), 461-465</ref>If [[oxygen]], [[acetone]], [[nitrous

In [[chemistry]], '''chemiluminescence''' is the emission of light caused by a chemical re

Mole fractions are very commonly used in [[chemistry]], [[thermodynamics]], [[chemical engineering]] and other disciplines to ex

|iupac= see chemistry section

*{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroelum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year

|iupac= see chemistry section

...f>'''Note:''' The form used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</ref>) or '''aluminium''' ([[American English]]) is a [[Chemical elements|

...Note, a polyatomic ion is also referred to in older works as a [[radical (chemistry)|radical]]. In current usage the term radical refers to [[free radical]]s w * [http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/PeriodicProperties/Ions/ions.html Tables of

{{r|Organic chemistry}}

'''Chemistry''' is the science of materials. Chemists consider that all of the materials ...ic radiation]] in [[photochemistry|photochemical]] reactions). Traditional chemistry also deals with the analysis of chemicals both in and apart from a reaction

....com/periodictable A Periodic Table of periodic tables], covering not only chemistry but a variety of other topics too

...orative cooling]]; [[Continuous distillation|distillation]]; [[Absorption (chemistry)|gas absorption]]; [[liquid-liquid extraction]]; [[adsorption]] and [[ion

...ing beam or ray.<ref>{{cite book|author=William M.Haynes|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=91st Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2010|id=ISBN 1-43

...and form new atoms of the lighter elements, are detectable by methods of [[chemistry]].

| title=The Chemistry of the Alberta Oil Sand Bitumen

...anging, to study medicine. There, [[William Cullen]] was his instructor in chemistry, and the relation between the two soon became that of professor and assista (from ''A Short History of Chemistry'', J. R. Partington, 3rd edition, (1957)

...chology from the [[University of Chicago]]. After teaching mathematics and chemistry at Fresno High School, Cronbach took faculty positions at the [[State Colle

...s subtly from discipline to discipline. From the strict perspective of [[chemistry]], a "molecule" is comprised of a number of atoms linked by covalent bonds.

...ttp://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/hbauer-intro.html Ethics in Science]''". Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg

...tice that requires years of training in the use of special equipment and [[chemistry|chemicals]], as well as the support of [[science|scientists]] seeking to be

* Rose, Steven and Mileusnic, Radmilla ('''1999''', 4th Edn) ''The Chemistry of Life.'', Penguin, ISBN 0140272739

...iquid. Nucleation often occurs more easily at a pre-existing [[Interface (chemistry)|interface]] (''heterogeneous nucleation''), as happens on [[boiling chip]] * In [[chemistry]] and [[biophysics]], nucleation can also refer to the phaseless formation

...h of which is a particular synthesis of the fundamentals of [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[fluid dynamics]] and [[thermodynamics]]. ===Atmospheric chemistry===

...ef>[http://www.800mainstreet.com/9/0009-006-henry.html Online Introductory Chemistry: Solubility of gases in liquids]</ref> ...BN 0-19-914633-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=E.N. Ramsden|title=A-Level Chemistry|edition=4th Edition|publisher=Nelson Thornes|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-7487-5299-

| [[:Category:Chemistry Workgroup|Chemistry]]

'''Molarity''' (M) is a term used in [[chemistry]] to indicate the concentration of a [[solute]] in a [[solvent]], in units

*[[Odd Hassel]] - [[Chemistry]], 1969

...ef>[http://www.800mainstreet.com/9/0009-006-henry.html Online Introductory Chemistry: Solubility of gases in liquids]</ref> ...BN 0-19-914633-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=E.N. Ramsden|title=A-Level Chemistry|edition=4th Edition|publisher=Nelson Thornes|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-7487-5299-

...[sewer]]s as a result of the [[bacteria|bacterial]] breakdown of [[Organic chemistry|organic matter]] in the absence of [[oxygen]], which is known as [[anaerobi | '''Liquid [[Density (chemistry)|density]]''' || 914.9 kg/m³ at −60.35 °C and 1 atm

[[chemistry in the kitchen]] :Workgroup(s) (proposed): [[:Category:Chemistry Workgroup|Chemistry]]

[[open science]], [[open chemistry]], [[open data]], [[Panton Principles]] * Chemistry - "most reactionary of the physical sciences"

*{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroelum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year

...minology|building wake effects]]. A street canyon component with [[NOx|NOx-chemistry]] is included.<ref name=MDS/> * The street canyon module includes some [[atmospheric chemistry]] for [[photochemistry|photochemical]] reactions.

...rometry''' (or '''atomic spectroscopy''') includes technique [[analytical chemistry]] that involves the measurement of visible, infrared or ultraviolet light p As with other techniques of analytical chemistry, one method or variant may displace another, but improvements in a displace

| cat2 = Chemistry | cat2 = Chemistry

...gly supported and continued in optics for more than 100 years. However, in chemistry the atomic structure of matter provided insight into molecular laws of defi ...html Wave Mechanics] Steven S. Wesolowski (1999). Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, USA</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/

...'') of [[Liquid/Definition|liquid]]s; that is, the ratio of the [[Density (chemistry)|density]] of the liquid to the density of [[water]] with both at the same :The specific gravity scale is widely used in [[chemistry]], [[engineering]] and [[physics]] as well as by [[geologist]]s, [[mineralo

*{{cite book|author=J.G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Coal|edition=2nd Edition, Revised and Expanded|publisher=

...[[Nobel Prize in Physics|physical science]], in [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|chemistry]] and in [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|medical science or physiol ...inventions in the physical sciences and to discoveries or improvements in chemistry. He had opened the door to technological awards, but had not left instructi

...science and engineering. It includes elements of [[applied physics]] and [[chemistry]], as well as [[chemical engineering|chemical]], [[mechanical engineering|m * [[Surface chemistry|Surface science]] --- interactions and structures between solid-gas solid-l

...l anion equivalent (see [[cyanohydrin]] or aldehyde-dithiane [[umpoloung]] chemistry, as well as [[Benzoin Condensation|benzoin condensation]]). This anion atta ...genase active site where it undergoes FAD-mediated oxidation (identical in chemistry to [[disulfide isomerase]]) which returns lipoate to its resting state and

*{{cite book|author=James. G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=4th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=20

Planetology draws on a multidisciplinary approach employing biology, chemistry, climatology, [[environmental science]], geology, [[meteorology]], and [[ph

*[[Food chemistry]]

* L. E. Orgel, ''An Introduction to Transition Metal Chemistry'', Methuen, London (1960).

...ef><ref>{{cite book|author=Spencer L. Seager and Michael R. Slabaugh|title=Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry|edition=7th Edition|publisher ...</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=David R. Lide (Editor)|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=85th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2004|pages=page 3

...fermium_data.html Fermium - Fm] From the website of the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]].</ref><ref>[http://www.lbl.gov/today/2005/Jul/11-Mon/ghiobio-jump.html Al

* Glänneskog H (2005) Iodine chemistry under severe accident conditions in a nuclear power reactor, PhD thesis, Ch * For other work on the iodine chemistry which would occur during a bad accident, see [http://www.nea.fr/html/nsd/do

...of the definition of "oxidation" than a question of actual importance in [[Chemistry]]. The bottom line: In photosynthesis, oxygen is oxidized and Carbon is [[ ...s been attempted by applying [[Coulomb's law]] and principles of [[Quantum chemistry]].

...Sally J. Daley, ''Organic Chemistry'', www.ochem4free.com, Online organic chemistry textbook.</ref>. ...mpounds that are related to life processes are dealt with in the branch of chemistry which is called [[biochemistry]].

...ef><ref>{{cite book|author=Spencer L. Seager and Michael R. Slabaugh|title=Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry|edition=7th Edition|publisher ...</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=David R. Lide (Editor)|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=85th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2004|pages=page 3

...more common amines, methanolamine (MEA) denoted as <math>RNH_2</math>, the chemistry may be simply expressed as: ...b>S-free gas) as a product and an amine solution rich in the [[absorption (chemistry)|absorbed]] acid gases.

{{r|Theoretical chemistry}}

...more common amines, methanolamine (MEA) denoted as <math>RNH_2</math>, the chemistry may be simply expressed as: ...b>S-free gas) as a product and an amine solution rich in the [[absorption (chemistry)|absorbed]] acid gases.

...' Oxford University Press (2001), ISBN 0-19-850346-6.</ref> <ref>''Organic chemistry'' John McMurry 2nd Ed. ISBN 0534079687</ref>. ...ometallic chemistry]]. Although hybridisation schemes in transition metal chemistry can be used, they are not accurate and have little predictive power.

| publisher=International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry

|iupac= see chemistry section == Chemistry ==

|iupac= see chemistry section == Chemistry ==

* Chemical Oceanography (Marine Chemistry) - The study of the chemical composition of seawater and the processes that

...entucky]] website)</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=4th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|date=20 ...owever, it may also be used to characterize the process of [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]] by which certain [[solid]] substances such as [[ammonium chl

...at'' 'cat' while in English it can be /tʃ/, /k/ or /ʃ/ as in ''church'', ''chemistry'' and ''champagne''. Orthography also covers differences between varieties

...<td>1750-1820<td width="5%"> <td>1798-1820<td width="5%"><td>Mathematics/Chemistry

|iupac= see chemistry section

...[United Kingdom|U.K.]] that is often frequented by [[scientist]]s from the Chemistry Department of the [[University of Cambridge]], just 200m away. It became mo

...f definite proportions''', one of the fundamental observations of modern [[chemistry]], was made by [[Joseph Louis Proust]] (1754-1826). The law states that in

...nuous distillation|industrial distillation column]]s, trayed [[absorption (chemistry)]] columns and other vapor-liquid contacting columns. |align=left|= liquid [[Density (chemistry)|density]], kg/m³

...ef> is widely used in the petroleum industry to measure the [[Volatility (chemistry)|volatility ]]of [[petroleum crude oil]], [[gasoline]] and other petroleum Vapor pressure is an important physical property of [[Volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] liquids. It is of critical importance for automotive and aviati

In chemistry, '''enantiomers''', originally called '''optical isomers''', are chemical s

...a (1 atm). However, in 1982, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) recommended that for the purposes of specifying the physical prop

...including [[Nuclear chemistry|nuclear]], [[Radioactivity|radiological]], [[Chemistry|chemical]], [[Biology|biological]], and natural [[emission]]s.<ref name=Abo

==Chemistry==

{{r|Chemistry}}

...[[gravitational acceleration]], <math>\rho</math> is the fluid [[Density (chemistry)|density]] and <math>V</math> is the [[volume]] of fluid.

...1/liquids/faq/antoine-vapor-pressure.shtml What is the Antoine Equation?] (Chemistry Department, [[Frostburg State University]], [[Maryland (U.S. state)|Marylan ...T]] online chemistry web book.<ref>[http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry NIST Chemistry Web Book] Enter chemical name, formula, [[Chemical Abstracts Services|CAS]]

|iupac= see chemistry section

In [[organic chemistry]], hydrocarbons may be classified into two categories, ''[[aromatic hydroca ...me=56thHndbk>{{cite book|author=Robert C. Weast (Editor)|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=56th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1975|id=ISBN 0-87

...ic matter. [[Diamond]], [[graphite]], and [[fullerene]]s are non-[[Organic chemistry|organic]] compounds consisting of carbon only; these are known as [[allotro ...lamos>[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html] Los Alamos National Labs, Chemistry Division</ref>

...molecules of retinol.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry | authors = Goodman, DS, Huang, HS and Shiratori, T | title = Mechanism of

In 1942, the school's [[physics]] program was approved. In 1943, degrees in [[chemistry]] and [[geological engineering]] were offered. This was also the year the S By the 1950s the school continued to grow with the construction of the [[chemistry]]/[[chemical engineering]] building. The March/Dake residence halls were al

...ef>[http://www.800mainstreet.com/9/0009-006-henry.html Online Introductory Chemistry: Solubiltiy of gases in liquids]</ref> ...em.arizona.edu/~salzmanr/103a004/nts004/l41/l41.html University of Arizona chemistry class notes]</ref><ref name="multiple">[http://www.henrys-law.org An extens

| journal = Journal of Computational Chemistry

..., [[dry ice]]) can directly turn into a gas: this is called [[sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]]. If the gas is further heated, its atoms or molecules can be Almost all [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[engineering]] textbooks refer to the states of matter as solid, liq

*{{cite book|author=Sami Matar and Lewis F. Hatch|title=Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes|edition=|publisher=Gulf Professionsl Publishing|

...got a degree in pharmacy and received prizes for papers on aesthetics and chemistry; two years later he was awarded a doctorate for a dissertation on Kant’s .... Under his guidance, the University developed a comprehensive physics and chemistry program and established new laboratories. Ørsted coined the now forgotten

...Waals molecules. B. L. Blaney and G. E. Ewing, ''Annual Review of Physical Chemistry'', Vol. '''27''', pp. 553-586 (1976): Van der Waals Molecules.

...ciate from H₂SO₄. In an aqueous (water) [[Solution (chemistry)|solution]], the first hydrogen dissociates completely (100%) to form the ' ...nbsp;&nbsp; K₂ = 1.0 x 10^-2 &nbsp; <ref>[http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/acidity.htm Ionization Constants of Inorg

...hich one applies the basic fundamentals of [[mathematics]], [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[biology]] to the protection of human health and the natural environ ..."chemical" engineering programs, on the other hand, focus on environmental chemistry, advanced air and water treatment technologies and separation processes.

...led "pandamonium".<ref>[http://www.ul.ie/~childsp/CinA/Issue51/issue51.htm Chemistry in Action, Issue 51] From the website of the [[University of Limerick]] in

{{r|Chemistry}}

...chiometric Musing] From the website of the [[Illinois State University]]'s chemistry department.</ref> ...]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Olmstead III and Gregory M. Williams|title=Chemistry: The Molecular Science|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Wm. V. Brown|year=1997

...eaction is not favorable enough to be used industrially. Instead, surface chemistry using a platinum or vanadium catalyst is used for the commercial production

...ditional circulating chemicals. Many clinical measurements involving blood chemistry are made on the easier-to-collect blood serum, which is the fluid remaining

In chemistry, a '''lactam''' is a cyclic [[amide]]. The name is derived from two chemic

:''This article will describe the [[chemistry]] of Ascorbic Acid. For the function and effect of Ascorbic Acid on [[plan *'''Ascorbic acid''' is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] acid with [[antioxidant]] properties. Its appearance is white cr

|title=Historiography of chemistry in the eighteenth century: Hermann Boerhaave and William Cullen

In [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], the '''mole''' is an [[SI]] base unit of [[amount of sub ...entities: molecules, ions, atoms, electrons - any elementary substance in chemistry. The formal [[SI]] definition reads:

There are a great many types of entrainment encountered in [[chemistry]], [[chemical engineering]], other [[engineering]] disciplines and in [[atm

...Chapter 21. In: Brown TL, Eugene Lemay H, Bursten BE, Murphy CJ. (2009) ''Chemistry: The Central Science''. 11th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Edu

{{r|Inorganic chemistry}}

...=lavoisier4>{{cite book|author=Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier|title=Elements of Chemistry: In a new systematic order, containing all the modern discoveries, illustra In the older terminology of early chemistry, the words 'combustion', 'burning', and 'calcination' were used to refer th

...t reject the latter); (2) he introduced rigorous experimental methods into chemistry; (3) he gave a clear definition of a chemical element and showed by experim ...sed on flaws in reasoning and interpretation of experiments. He envisioned chemistry science as natural philosophy, and as a key to understand how nature opera

*[[Mole (unit)]], the SI unit (symbol ''mol'') used in chemistry for the amount of a particular substance

...ied Physics]] in 1960 and by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] in 1961.

...emistry'', the first American chemistry textbook. In 1789, he gave up his chemistry position and began teaching medicine instead.

...articular, the magnitude of the order parameter may determine the [[phase (chemistry)|phase]] of a physical system.<ref name=Pismen/>

...y/5-73Fall-2005/CourseHome/index.htm 5.73], and [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Chemistry/5-74Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm 5.74]

...ef><ref name=Mortimer>{{cite book|author=Robert G. Mortimer|title=Physical Chemistry|edition=3rd Edition|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 0-12-370617- ...or pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as ''[[volatility (chemistry)|volatile]]''.

...number of its key concepts do not follow the laws of science (particularly chemistry and physics).

...aud''' (18th May, 1901 - December 11, 1978) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1955 "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especia <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1955/vigneaud-bio.html Nobel biography]</ref>

In [[biochemistry]], [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], the binding interaction of two molecules that bind with

...10.1074/jbc.M008922200 | year = 2001 | journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | pages = 7806-7810

...mbridge Biographical Encyclopedia'' credits him with "the establishment of chemistry in medicine" and giving the "the most up-to-date description of syphilis" I ...ring his travels he compiled the wisdom present at the time on metallurgy, chemistry, and medicine, and the folk wisdom of the untutored." (reference for quote:

That homeostatic targets of ECF and ICF pH makes sense from a biological chemistry perspective for the following reasons:

...ready to move on. He was also not impressed with his capacity for learning chemistry. ...horities in structural chemistry,<ref> [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/pauling-lecture.pdf "Linus Pauling - Nobel Lecture 1954". No

'''Chemistry'''

...ker>{{cite book|author=Brad Buecker|title=Fundamentals of Steam Generation Chemistry|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Pennwell|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-87814-750-0}}</r ...change: Theory and Practice|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|year=1994|id=ISBN 0-85186-484-8}}</ref><ref>[http://www.remco.com/ix.htm Io

..., 1743 &ndash; Paris, May 8, 1794) was one of the major founders of modern chemistry. He performed experiments on the chemical reactivity of [[oxygen]], recogni ...Since this study was easy for him, he had much time to follow lectures on chemistry and physics and to do laboratory work under the tutelage of leading natural

{{dambigbox|the concept in chemistry|Matter}} ...[space]] and has [[mass]].<ref name=brady2009>Brady JE, Senese F. (2009) ''Chemistry: Matter and Its Changes''. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISB

...BN 0-8247-5058-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year ==Chemistry==

...BN 0-8247-5058-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year ==Chemistry==

In [[chemistry]], an '''exothermic reaction''' is one that releases [[energy]] in the form

...ology, [[Climate|climatology]], [[atmospheric physics]], and [[atmospheric chemistry]] are sub-disciplines of the [[atmospheric sciences]], which in turn is a s ...[Atmospheric chemistry]]:'' A branch of atmospheric science in which the [[chemistry]] of the [[Earth's atmosphere]] and that of other planets is studied.

...molecules<ref name=Wilcox1984>Wilcox, C.F. (1984). ''Experimental Organic Chemistry, Theory and Practice''. Macmillan. pp. 81, 92-94, 114-115.</ref>.

'''Petrochemicals''' are [[Chemistry|chemical]] products made from the [[hydrocarbon]]s present in raw [[natural ...]]s.<ref name=Hatch>{{cite book|author=Sami Matar and Lewis F. Hatch|title=Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes|edition=|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing|

...Temperature and Pressure" by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) was a reference temperature of 0 [[Celsius|°C]] (273.15 [[kelvin

...1934, [[Basel]]) was a German chemist. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1918 for the synthesis of [[ammonia]] from the gaseous [[chemical elem ...s and some physics, but hardly any chemistry. Fritz had a keen interest in chemistry, already as a schoolboy he performed chemical experiments. After finishing

...ed in the University of Uppsala, but failed the preliminary examination in chemistry. He worked for a while at the Royal Dramatic Theatre, wroting three plays t

...of Lamarck.] ''"Thus, while Lavoisier was creating in his laboratory a new chemistry, founded on a beautiful and methodical series of experiments, M. de Lamarck

Chemistry Organic Chemistry

.../books.google.com/books?id=kmcSAAAAIAAJ John Dalton and the Rise of Modern Chemistry.] New York: Macmillan & Co.</ref>&nbsp;<ref name=britdalton>[http://www.bri Daltonian chemistry separates the period when scientists could not evince convincing evidence f

...can chemist [[Willard Libby]] in the 1940s and received a [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] for his research.<ref name=KG2002-161/> Carbon-14 has a nucle

...title =IUPAC Provisional Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (online draft of an updated version of the "''Red Book''" IR 3-6)| date =20 ...idized, hydrogenated, or polymerized. Much of the current research on the chemistry of transition element complexes is instigated by their industrial importanc

...aps bookend departments of zoology and botany, which complemented physics, chemistry, mathematics, and possibly geology to form its science foundation. Biology ...on into biology departments of tools and people from physics, mathematics, chemistry, and elsewhere. These new collaborators have catalyzed rapid progress on sp

===Chemistry===

==Chemistry and mechanism==

...ucture | Biologists use scientific principles to study living things | The chemistry of life | Cell structures | No life without energy | No life without enzyme

...André-Marie Ampère]], an early investigator of electricity, magnetism, and chemistry.

...ef><ref name=Mortimer>{{cite book|author=Robert G. Mortimer|title=Physical Chemistry|edition=3rd Edition|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|id=ISBN 0-12-370617- ...or pressure at normal temperatures is often referred to as ''[[volatility (chemistry)|volatile]]''.

...d need to be in [[biology]], [[organic chemistry|organic]] and [[inorganic chemistry]], [[psychology]], and [[physics]]. Chiropractic programs require at least

...troy disease causing microbes. In 1854 Pasteur was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Lille. Part of the remit of the faculty of sciences wa

In [[chemistry]] and [[chemical engineering]], '''catalysis''' is a process that uses an o ...on Reaction Rates] From a website provided by Jim Clarke, retired Head of Chemistry and then Head of Science at [[Truro School]] in [[Cornwall]], [[United King

...process and thus massively reduce the cost of large scale sequencing. The chemistry of dideoxy sequencing devised by [[Frederick Sanger]] in 1977 was still the

...hol''', '''grain alcohol''', or '''drinking alcohol''', is a [[Volatility (chemistry)|volatile]], [[flammable]], colorless liquid. It is a [[psychoactive drug]]

...to contaminating the reagents held inside. Some of the glassware seen in a chemistry lab also appear in most other laboratory settings. There is ample variety i

...ter (1.2 mg/mL) but fully soluble in [[acetone]], [[chloroform]], [[ether (chemistry)|ether]] and [[methanol]].

Unquestionably, the chemistry of the cell and multicellular organism rests on the foundation of quantum m ...Fleming GR, Scholes GD. (2004) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/431256a Physical chemistry: quantum mechanics for plants]. ''Nature'' 431:256-7.</ref>

...ium''' is a [[metal]]lic [[chemical elements|element]]. It is a [[Density (chemistry)|dense]], very hard, brittle, silvery-white [[transition metal]] of the [[p The measured [[Density (chemistry)|density]] of iridium is only slightly lower than that of [[osmium]], which

|iupac= see chemistry section

*1944: The Baekeland Medal and Award for Achievement in Chemistry from the [[American Chemical Society]]. *1959: The Murphree Award in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry from the American Chemical Society.

...iques find widespread use in multiple disciplines including [[biology]], [[chemistry]], [[physics]], [[geology]], and [[materials science]]. Specialized forms

...emic journals with a disciplinary focus, numerous publications in biology, chemistry, computer science, education, history, library science, physics, political

'''Heroin''' (chemical name '''diacetylmorphine''') is an organic [[chemistry|chemical]] substance and an [[opioid analgesic]]. Heroin is made by the pro

...n [[mathematics]] and incorporates ''all'' of the basic sciences such as [[chemistry]], [[physics]] and [[biology]] as well as engineering knowledge and concept ...engineering is the profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied with judg

'''Kendrick Analysis''' helps classifying [[molecules]] into [[homology (chemistry)|homologous]] groups using high resolution mass spectrometry. For example, ...) in the literature, is very close to the [[dalton unit]]. All [[homology (chemistry)|homologous]] molecules will have the same Kendrick Mass Excess Δ''m''. Th

{{main|Atmospheric chemistry}} ...ronment] An online lecture for an online chemistry course published by the chemistry department of [[Elmhurst College]], [[Elmhurst, Illinois]]. Accessed March

{{cite book |title=Relativistic quantum chemistry: the fundamental theory of molecular science |author=Markus Reiher, Alexand ...?hl=en&lr=&id=sGsR18jJujYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1 article] in ''Advances in Quantum Chemistry'', vol. 19, Academic Press, 1987 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KAN

...ization''' is one of a class of reactions, with many subclasses, in [[food chemistry]], which induces browning and flavor changes in foods, principally [[sugar]

{{cite book |title=Relativistic quantum chemistry: the fundamental theory of molecular science |author=Markus Reiher, Alexand

...nfrared range of electromagnetic radiation. As sub-disciplines of physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, photobiology has emerged as an interdi

...more than 800 other minerals.<ref> Lide, David R. (ed) ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 75th ed.'', CRC Press: Ann Arbor, MI (1995).</ref>

In [[chemistry]], an '''electrolyte''' is any substance that can transport electric charge

...[[Moon|moon]] and the [[Sun|sun]], and differences in seawater [[Density (chemistry)|density]] all affect ocean circulation.<ref>http://oceanmotion.org/html/ba

...n J.; Arthur O. Tucker; Michael J. Maciarello; and Kraig A. Wheeler. 2003. Chemistry and Ethnobotany of Commercial Incense Copals, Copal Blanco, Copal Oro, and

...veral different levels of moisture content. The '''maximum dry [[Density (chemistry)|density]]''' and '''optimum moisture content''' are determined from the re

...tice in the first years of my married life and occupied myself solely with chemistry and writing."'' ...udgeon, London: E. Gould & Son, 1885. [http://www.homeoint.org/seror/ameke/chemistry.htm]</ref>

...n [[mathematics]] and incorporates ''all'' of the basic sciences such as [[chemistry]], [[physics]] and [[biology]]. ...engineering is the profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied with judg

...ess be it either a [[Continuous distillation|distillation]], [[absorption (chemistry)|absorption]], [[chromatography|chromatographic]], [[adsorption]] or simila ...book|author=B.S. Furnis et al|title=Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry|edition=5th Edition|publisher=Longman Scientific|year=1989|id=ISBN 0-582-46

...six basic science subjects – general anatomy, spinal anatomy, physiology, chemistry, pathology, and microbiology and public health.

...'venlafaxine''' is a [[second generation antidepressant]] that has unusual chemistry: it inhibits the reuptake of several [[neurotransmitter]]s depending on dos

|Bachelor of Science in Chemistry (BSChem)<br />

...e Art and Science of Chemical Manipulation." ''Bulletin for the History of Chemistry'' (1991) (No. 11): 65–76

In [[biochemistry]], an <math>\alpha</math>-'''amino acid''' is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[monomer]] consisting of an [[amino group]], a [[carboxyl group]

'''Chemistry'''

...Letter to Michelangelo Ricci Concerning the Barometer." From the ''Classic Chemistry Archive''. Carmen Giunti, Editor. Le Moyne College. 21 Jan. 2002. Available

'''Radiochemistry''' is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive [[isotope]]s of elements are us ...p4+, and Pu3+ by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. ''Inorganic Chemistry'', 1997, '''36''', 4676-4683

# Knowledge of [[Chemistry]].&mdash;Profound.

The prospect of using molecules and chemistry to undertake massively parallel computation has been raised.<ref name=Reif/

...bbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ National Institute of Standards and Technology's Chemistry WebBook]</ref> * {{cite book|author=Robert C. Weast (Editor)|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=56th Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1975|id=ISBN 0-87

'''Biochemistry''' is the study of the chemicals and [[Chemistry|chemical processes]] in living organisms. It deals with the structure and f * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/ Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger]

...the way to go. (The optics associated with filming the Odd Couple and the Chemistry of single malt flavor would be such topics.) There, there is an additional

...l chemistry]] and [[Geophysics]] overlap considerably with [[biology]], [[chemistry]] and [[geography]], but the focus is on the application of physics and phy ...hysics such as [[quantum mechanics]] (in the applied subfield of [[quantum chemistry]]), [[thermodynamics]], and [[electromagnetism]].

...ivided into two subdisciplines: [[polymer chemistry]] (or [[macromolecular chemistry]]) and [[polymer physics]]. In practice the distinction between the two is ...'''linear''' polymer, composed of a single main chain. A '''[[branching (chemistry)|branched polymer]]''' molecule is composed of a main chain with one or mor

In [[quantum mechanics]] and [[quantum chemistry]], an '''atomic orbital''' is a function of an electron that describes the In the pre-computer era of quantum chemistry, an atomic orbital (AO) was seen as a solution of a one-electron Schröding

...rganic semiconductor devices, combined with the power of synthetic organic chemistry, may open up the way to completely new device configuration, fabrication pr

...ef>[http://www.800mainstreet.com/9/0009-006-henry.html Online Introductory Chemistry: Solubility of gases in liquids]</ref> |align=left|= the [[density (chemistry)|densities]] of the solute gas in the melt and in the gas phases

...l 1867–15 April 1928), was a scientist by training, studying pharmacetical chemistry under [[Ernst Schmidt]] and publishing multiple papers on the topic. At hom

While Lamarck's contributions to science include work in meteorology, botany, chemistry, geology, and paleontology, he is best known for his work in invertebrate z

...ol. '''92''', 172-193 (1934). English translation in H. Hettema, ''Quantum Chemistry, Classic Scientific Papers'', World Scientific, Singapore (2000).</ref> did * [http://www.worldscibooks.com/chemistry/3201.html] English translation of Renner's paper (1934).

...on and self-assembly in water under potential prebiotic conditions. Nature Chemistry, 2017; DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2878. ...ylation process under similar reaction conditions could enable the systems chemistry of the three

...ibutions in [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]], a ...rize Award Ceremony.}}</ref> The Nobel Prizes in the specific disciplines (Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature) and the Prize in Economic

...ated into the soil. It was not until the advent of modern microbiology and chemistry that this process was fully understood and attributed to bacteria. Small molecules are manufactured by chemistry but large molecules are created by living cells: for example, - bacteria c

'''Nuclear chemistry''' is a subfield of [[chemistry]] dealing with [[radioactivity]], nuclear processes and nuclear properties. ...ents such as the [[actinides]], [[radium]] and [[radon]] together with the chemistry associated with equipment (such as [[nuclear reactor]]s) which are designed

...erence conditions of gas temperature and pressure''' define the [[Density (chemistry)|density]] of a [[gas]] and document a stated gas volume. The reference con ...For example, as noted above, the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]] (IUPAC) now defines the standard reference conditions as 0 °C and 100 kP

...or. While he made major contributions to science policy, arms control, and chemistry, he also saw himself as a teacher: In 1925, he earned his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Berlin. In 1926, he came to the United States and ta

...imply ether, and [[tetrahydrofuran]] (THF) are common solvents for organic chemistry reactions. Diethyl ether was one of the first anaesthetic agents. Many et

...in some way to its current value. Many of the fundamental laws of physics, chemistry, biology and economics can be formulated as differential equations. The que

...>[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=tetraethyl+lead&Units=SI NIST Chemistry WebBook]</ref> ...ead and [[lead oxide]] (PbO) and combustible, short-lived ethyl [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]]s. Lead itself is the reactive agent that enhances the octane rat

...were used extensively in [[surveying]], [[navigation]], [[engineering]], [[chemistry]] and many other disciplines. ...tory Skills Training Guide)|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|year=2003|id=ISBN 0-85404-473-6}}</ref>

In [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], '''atomic mass''' (formerly known as '''atomic weight'' #In most of practical [[chemistry]] different isotopologues&mdash;always present in "off-the-shelf" chemical

...ormula]] can be drawn. There is also an [[IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry]]. See also [[phanes]] nomenclature of highly complex cyclic molecules. ...clature/93/r93_701.htm acceptable IUPAC names], although some introductory chemistry texts use alternative names for acetone such as propan-2-one or propanone (

...BN 0-87814-280-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James G, Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year ...eams:<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci/chem-faq/part6/section-1.html Fuel Chemistry] (scroll down to "What is naphtha")</ref>

Colloquially and in [[chemistry]], matter is easy to define because it is directly associated with mass. Ma ...uniform chemical composition and/or physical properties (i.e., [[Density (chemistry)|density]], [[crystal structure]], [[refractive index|index of refraction]]

...se forms are categorized in several ways, depending on the geometry or the chemistry of the structures. The most ordered forms, i.e., the forms with highest [[

In [[physics]] and [[chemistry]], a '''hydrogen-like atom''' (or ''hydrogenic'' atom) is an [[atom]] with Hydrogen-like atoms ''per se'' do not play an important role in chemistry or physics. The interest in these atoms is mainly because their Schrödinge

The '''Nobel Peace Prize''' along with prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine and literature was established in 1901 with funds bequeathed by [

|iupac= see chemistry section

...e comprehensive competence within the areas of meteorology, [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biology]] and [[engineering]]. Integrated work is done in cooperation

...ations''' are widely used not only in the sciences, such as [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[mathematics]], but are critical for graphics computations in [[vide

**Chemistry

|iupac= see chemistry section

...in photochemistry (IUPAC recommendations 2006) | journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry | volume=79 |year=2007 |pages=p. 324.}}</ref>

...,O')bis[(nitrato)(tri-n-butylphosphine oxide)dioxouranium(VI)] ''Inorganic Chemistry'' 22:1174-8</ref>

...Logic and Moral Philosophy, and met [[William Cullen]], then professor of chemistry at Glasgow, who was his mother's cousin. After leaving the University, he w

...ounds are molecular, a fact that is attributable to the scope of [[organic chemistry]].

...r lessened inter-solute interactions as a result of increased [[repulsion (chemistry)|repulsion]] from like-charges. ...>)₂SO₄ due to its high solubility, lack of [[buffer (chemistry)|buffering capacity]], minimal cost, and the low [[density]] of the resulti

{{dambigbox|Density (chemistry)|Density}} ...indlay>{{cite book|author=Alexander Findlay|title=Introduction to Physical Chemistry|Edition=Second Edition|publisher=Longmans, Green and Company|year=1942|page

...the [[American Petroleum Institute]] (API) as a measure of the [[density (chemistry)|density]] of [[Petroleum crude oil|petroleum]] liquids at 60 [[Fahrenheit

...BN 0-87814-280-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James G. Speight|title=The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum|edition=Fourth Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year ...eams:<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/faqs/sci/chem-faq/part6/section-1.html Fuel Chemistry] (scroll down to "What is naphtha")</ref>

* [[Air pollution]] and [[atmospheric chemistry]]: Studying chemical processes in the [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]], [[

...Honor Society), Calliope Club, Campus Crusade for Christ, Campus Ministry, Chemistry Club, Cross Walk, Environmental Club, Fantanime, Fellowship of Christian At

In [[chemistry]] and [[physics]], the '''dispersion interaction''' is one of the [[intermo ...'''60''', pp. 491&ndash;527. English translation by H. Hettema, ''Quantum Chemistry, Classic Scientific Papers'', World Scientific, Singapore (2000)</ref> gave

...es it? It's uncertain, but some analyses suggest problems with [[brain]] [[chemistry]] and even malformed areas of the brain; there have been studies suggesting ...de models from [[biology]], particularly it may be the result of certain [[chemistry|chemicals]] in the brain. In addition, possible causes include [[psychology

...et" to fund the creation of five international awards: the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Medicine, Peace and Physics. In 1968, Sweden's central bank fu

...he studied a wide range of topics, including [[mathematics]], [[Latin]], [[chemistry]], philosophy, zoology, [[geography]], [[geology]], meteorology, Roman art,

*[[Henry Bauer | Prof. Henry Bauer]] ([[chemistry]], [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University]]) 1999-present <ref

In [[quantum chemistry]], '''Slater-type orbitals''' (STOs) are functions used as [[electron orbit

...directly from the atomic world, without the need for complex intermediate chemistry. Life must have a chemical basis: organic molecules provide the hardware fo ...s not preclude translation to other media. Not that the medium of organic chemistry strays far from the underpinnings of its quantum chemical medium.

==Love chemistry== [[Science|Scientists]] have identified a number of [[chemistry|chemical]] [[hormone]]s in the [[human]] [[body]] related to sex and mating

* [[Saturation (chemistry)]] ...//www.lipidlibrary.co.uk/ The Lipid library - provides information on the chemistry, analysis and biochemistry of lipids]

==Chemistry==

|iupac= see chemistry section == Chemistry ==

Because if its prominent position in cellular chemistry, glucose-6-phosphate has many possible fates within the cell. It lies at th

...ses the water in the wood to evaporate, and some of the more [[Volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] compounds to burn off, leaving a higher-carbon material with hi

...aw]] to define the rise velocity of oil droplets based on their [[Density (chemistry)|density]] and size. The design of the separator is based on the density di

...particles is based on the number of [[proton]]s found in their [[nucleus (chemistry)|nuclei]], the so-called [[atomic number]]. So far, 118 elements are known ...ame way and silicon chemistry is to a significant extent similar to carbon chemistry.

...s of a system of the earth, supplemented by Black's principles of heat and chemistry.

...|non-equilibrium]] systems with extended [[degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degrees of freedom]] and a high level of [[nonlinearity]]. Many individua

In [[chemistry]], [[chemical engineering]] and [[physics]], the '''molar gas constant''' (

In [[quantum chemistry]], the solution of a set of coupled nuclear motion [[Schrödinger equation ...dinger equations can be attempted. Much of the current research in quantum chemistry is devoted to this determination. Once &gamma;('''R''') has been found and

...ivalent units.<ref>{{cite book|author=David Goldberg|title=Fundamentals of Chemistry|edition=5th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2006|id=ISBN 0-07-322104-X}}

A combination of [[radiochemistry]] and [[radiation chemistry]] is used to study nuclear reactions such as [[nuclear fission|fission]] an ...orming new isotopes (often radioactive) involve several areas of [[nuclear chemistry]] is an important subsection of this field.

...being at that time attending the Lectures given in Albemarle-Street, on [[Chemistry]], [[Geology]], [[Natural History]], and [[Botany]], by Sir [[Humphry Davy]

...ide]] (Al(BH₄)₃ are also common borohydrides used in chemistry. The reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols is a typical use for these

...dants included fourteen professors of various subjects including medicine, chemistry, philosophy, mathematics and history. John Gregory himself became Professor

...d into [[oxygen]]<ref> Nobel Biography [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford.html]</ref>. He postulated the existence of the ' ...herford Museum, McGill University]</ref> He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908

...e the terms are defined as in listed below. If the upstream gas [[Density (chemistry)|density]], <font style="vertical-align:-15%;"><math>\rho_u</math></font> i |align=left|= real gas upstream [[Density (chemistry)|density]], kg/m³ = <math>(M P_u)/(Z\, R\, T_u)</math>

In chemistry, polarity is usually explained by the presence of [[electronegativity|elect ...ter]]. However, this unit is unwieldly large and therefore hardly used in chemistry and molecular physics. The [[Gaussian unit]]s-based unit of [[debye]] (D) i

==The process chemistry==

The term ''equation'' is used also in [[chemistry]], indicating conservation of atomic or [[isotopic content|isotopic]] conte

Subsequently, he taught chemistry at West Point, 1921–1925; graduated from Infantry and Field Artillery Sch

...(MOs). The branch of chemistry that studies MO theory is called [[quantum chemistry]]. ...field due to the electrons is said to be ''self-consistent''. In [[quantum chemistry]] the terms Hartree-Fock (HF) and self-consistent-field (SCF) are practical

|Chemistry||[[Sidney Altman]], [[Thomas R. Cech]] |Chemistry||[[Johann Deisenhofer]], [[Robert Huber]], [[Hartmut Michel]]