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Philosophy of science/Related Articles
From Citizendium
- See also changes related to Philosophy of science, or pages that link to Philosophy of science or to this page or whose text contains "Philosophy of science".
Contents
Parent topics
- Philosophy [r]: The study of the meaning and justification of beliefs about the most general, or universal, aspects of things. [e]
- Science [r]: The organized body of knowledge based on non–trivial refutable concepts that can be verified or rejected on the base of observation and experimentation [e]
Subtopics
- Abduction [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Confirmation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Demarcation problem [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Experimental science [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Falsificationism [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Laws of nature [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Occam's razor [r]: Other things being equal—when several theories explain the same facts equally well, it is rational to prefer the most parsimonious of the theories. [e]
- Problem of Induction [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Reductionism [r]: The attempt to replace high-level explanations of phenomena by more basic explanations, often in terms of interacting subsystems or parts. [e]
- Scientific explanation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Scientific method [r]: The concept of systematic inquiry based on hypotheses and their testing in light of empirical evidence. [e]
- Scientific realism [r]: Philosophical position that posits that the entities proposed by science are real (as opposed to an epistemic abstraction). [e]
- Theoretical science [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Verificationism [r]: Principles and criteria for meaningfulness that requires a non-analytic, meaningful sentence to be empirically verifiable. [e]
Subfields
- Philosophy of biology [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of chemistry [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of economics [r]: an account of the logical processes by which the intellectual discipline of economics has been constructed. [e]
- Philosophy of mathematics [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of physics [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of psychology [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of social science [r]: Add brief definition or description
Philosophers of science
- Aristotle [r]: (384-322 BCE) Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, and one of the most influential figures in the western world between 350 BCE and the sixteenth century. [e]
- Gaston Bachelard [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Francis Bacon [r]: (1561-1626) English Renaissance essayist and philosopher who argued that science should proceed empirically, by induction. [e]
- Daniel C. Dennett [r]: American author and professor of philosophy at Tufts, has written on free will and the mind. [e]
- Pierre Duhem [r]: Add brief definition or description
- John Dupré [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Paul Feyerabend [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ian Hacking [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Thomas Hobbes [r]: English political philosopher of the 17th century. [e]
- Thomas Kuhn [r]: (1921–1996) American philosopher who revolutionized philosophy of science by describing science as being driven by paradigm-defining revolutions rather than steady progress. [e]
- Imre Lakatos [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Larry Laudan [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ernest Nagel [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Karl Popper [r]: (1902–1994) One of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century. [e]
- Michael Ruse [r]: (1940–) Philosopher of science with a primary interest in evolution. [e]
- Elliott Sober [r]: Add brief definition or description
- David Stove [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Bas van Fraassen [r]: (1941–) Dutch philosopher of science and logic; Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at San Francisco State University; winner of the 1986 Lakatos Award. [e]
- Engineering [r]: The profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to economically use the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. [e]
- Epistemology [r]: Philosophical discipline dealing with the nature of knowledge and justification of beliefs. [e]
- Evidence-based medicine [r]: The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. [e]
- History of Science [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Inductivism [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Philosophy of Social Science [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Postmodernism and science [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Pseudoscience [r]: Any theory, or system of theories, that is deceptively claimed to be scientific. [e]
- Science studies [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Science Wars [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Scientific method [r]: The concept of systematic inquiry based on hypotheses and their testing in light of empirical evidence. [e]
- Sociology of science [r]: The application of sociological insights and understandings to understanding the organization, institutions, theories and practices of organized science. [e]
- Statistical significance [r]: The probability of a false rejection of the null hypothesis in a statistical test. [e]
- Thought experiment [r]: A conceptual test of causal relationships between entities of interest, in which various practical complications are stipulated not to be present in order to starkly reveal what appear to be the salient features. [e]
