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CZ:Featured article
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
Featured Article is an award given weekly to a high-quality Citizendium article.
Chunbum Park is the current Featured Articles maintainer.
Contents |
Note on editing Featured Articles (8 August 2011)
You are encouraged to fix any errors you find in our Featured Articles. Do note however, that changes made to the current Feature at CZ:Featured article/Current do not automatically apply to the main article. The /Current page is blanked once a week to make room for the next Feature. For your contribution to be permanent, you need to make the change in the main article as well, i.e. the topmost link in the list below. Thank you. Johan Förberg
- Surely this should be made clear in other places than here? I continued editing one of the featured articles (Robert Burns) while it was still there, and I must have done it in the right way because the changes, as far as I can recall them, are still there. But it happened purely by chance. --Martin Wyatt 21:42, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
Formal policy
EC Decision D-2011-014, 28 February 2011:
The welcome page of the Citizendium shall display one or two featured articles.
If no other system of choosing and displaying articles is employed, then at least one article shall be chosen from our Approved articles on a rotating basis and shall thereafter be changed at least once a week.
Remark: This replaces the "Article of the Week" and the "New Draft of the Week" for the time being, or until another feature is installed.
Archive
List of previously featured articles.
Before May 4, 2011, there were two distinct categories of featured articles, which are archived separately.
Featured articles
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Amber Neben [r]: (1975 - ) An American cycle racer who has won several major international stage races and is a member of the 2008 U.S. Olympic road cycling team. [e] (May 18 — 25, 2013)
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Gay community [r]: A socially constructed collective reference to those people in society who are homosexual, and who interact to some degree with other homosexual people. [e] (May 11 — 18, 2013)
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Edward I [r]: (1272-1307) English king who conquered Wales and attempted to conquer Scotland. [e] (May 4 — 11, 2013)
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Special reconnaissance [r]: Also known as SR, missions deep in denied areas, conducted by special operations personnel. They may be in or out of uniform. While SR units may direct air, missile, or artillery strikes, they strive to stay undetected. [e] (April 27 — May 4, 2013)
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The Miernik Dossier [r]: The first of seven novels by Charles McCarry about the American intelligence agent Paul Christopher, it is set in 1959 Europe and Africa. [e] (April 21 — 27, 2013)
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Margaret Thatcher [r]: The first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, famous for her free market views and for successfully waging the Falklands War, frequently called the "Iron Lady". [e] (April 13 — 21, 2013)
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Hypertension [r]: A multisystem disease whose hallmark is the elevation of blood pressure. [e] (April 6 — 13, 2013)
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Osteoporosis [r]: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. [e] (March 30 — April 6, 2013)
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Four color theorem [r]: (A famous mathematical statement with a long history) For every planar graph, four colors suffice to color its vertices in such a way that adjacent vertices have different colors. [e] (March 24 — 30, 2013)
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Papacy [r]: Head of the Roman Catholic Church. [e] (March 16 — 24, 2013)
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Vietnam War [r]: A post-colonial independence/Cold War conflict between communist North Vietnam against South Vietnam, assisted by the United States (1955-1975), to unify Vietnam; won by North Vietnam in 1975. [e] (March 9 — 16, 2013)
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Macroeconomics [r]: The study of the behaviour of the principal economic aggregates, treating the national economy as an open system. [e] (March 2 — 9, 2013)
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Malthusianism [r]: A theory in demography which holds that population expands faster than food supplies and famine will result unless steps are taken to reduce population growth. [e] (February 23 — March 2, 2013)
- Buddhist councils [r]: Add brief definition or description (February 16 — 23, 2013)
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Synapsid [r]: Class of animals that includes early mammals and everything similar to mammals, than to other living amniotes, classically described as mammal-like reptiles [e] (February 10 — 16, 2013)
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Cowdray House [r]: A 16th-century Tudor mansion badly damaged by fire in 1793. The ruins have been open to the public since the early 20th century. [e] (February 3 — 10, 2013)
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Mission San Gabriel Arcángel [r]: A former religious outpost established in 1771 on the west coast of North America in the present-day State of California by Roman Catholics of the Franciscan Order under the direction of the Spanish crown. [e] (January 29 — February 3, 2013)
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Mission San José [r]: A former religious outpost established in 1797 on the west coast of North America in the present-day State of California by Roman Catholics of the Franciscan Order under the direction of the Spanish crown. [e] (January 19 — 29, 2013)
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Hypercholesterolemia [r]: Presence of an abnormally large amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the circulating blood. [e] (January 8 — 19, 2013)
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Diabetic neuropathy [r]: Negative effects on the nervous system that can be caused by diabetes mellitus, some of which may necessitate amputation. [e] (December 30, 2012 — January 8, 2013)
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Railroads in California [r]: Add brief definition or description (December 22 — 30, 2012)
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Robert Burns [r]: The National poet of Scotland (1759-96); writer of Auld Lang Syne. [e] (December 15 — 22, 2012)
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Wonders of the world [r]: Lists of especially remarkable artificial or natural structures of worldwide importance [e] (December 8 — 15, 2012)
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Silent letters in English [r]: English letter or letters within a particular word, which are not heard in the pronunciation of the word, but appear in the spelling—and the opposite. [e] (December 1 — 8, 2012)
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Fiscal policy [r]: Policy concerning public expenditure, taxation and borrowing and the provision of public goods and services, and their effects upon social conduct, the distribution of wealth and the level of economic activity. [e] (November 24 — December 1, 2012)
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Liquefied natural gas [r]: Natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted into liquid form for ease of transport and storage. [e] (November 17 — 24, 2012)
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Industrial cooling tower [r]: Heat rejection systems used primarily to provide circulating cooling water in large industrial facilities. [e] (November 10 — 17, 2012)
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Steam generator [r]: A device that uses a heat source to boil liquid water and convert it into its vapor phase, referred to as steam. [e] (November 6 — 10, 2012)
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Fenske equation [r]: An equation for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates needed to separate a binary feed stream by a fractionation column operated at total reflux (i.e., meaning that no overhead product is being withdrawn from the column). [e] (October 28 — November 6, 2012)
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Pompeii [r]: A Roman city buried by a volcanic eruption A.D. 79. The city is now an important archaeological site. [e] (October 20 — 28, 2012)
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Potassium in nutrition and human health [r]: Role of dietary potassium and its associated bicarbonate-generating organic ions in human physiology and in preventive and therapeutic medicine. [e] (October 13 — 20, 2012)
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Pulmonary embolism [r]: Blocking of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. [e] (October 6 — 13, 2012)
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Spanish missions in California [r]: A series of twenty-one religious outposts and associated support facilities established by Spaniards of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823, in order to spread the Catholic faith among the local Native American populations. [e] (September 30 — October 6, 2012)
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Set theory [r]: A mathematical theory that models collections of (mathematical) objects and and studies their properties. [e] (September 24 — 30, 2012)
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Human rights [r]: Natural civil and political rights considered universal and applicable to all human beings worldwide. [e] (September 15 — 24, 2012)
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Acute coronary syndrome [r]: Set of signs and symptoms related to the heart, due to myocardial ischemia. [e] (September 7 — 15, 2012)
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Emergence (biology) [r]: The exhibition of novel collective phenomena in living systems stemming from a complex organization of their many constituent parts. [e] (August 31 — September 7, 2012)
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Food reward [r]: The brain mechanisms involved in reinforcing feeding behaviour. [e] (August 24 — 31, 2012)
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NMR spectroscopy [r]: The use of electromagnetic radiation, in the presence of a magnetic field, to obtain information regarding transitions between different nuclear spin states of the nuclei present in the sample of interest. [e] (August 16 — 24, 2012)
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Dokdo [r]: A group of volcanic islets in the Sea of Japan, occupied by South Korea and claimed by Japan. The ecology consists of a moderate maritime climate with a diverse marine life, a large presence of birds, and some vegetation. [e] (August 10 — 16, 2012)
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Digital rights management [r]: Legal and technical techniques used by media publishers in an attempt to control distribution and usage of distributed video, audio, ebooks, and similar electronic media. [e] (August 3 — 10, 2012)
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Geometric sequence [r]: In elementary mathematics, a (finite or infinite) sequence of numbers such that the quotient of consecutive elements is constant. [e] (July 27 — August 3, 2012)
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Jet engine [r]: A reaction engine that discharges a high velocity jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. [e] (July 20 — 27, 2012)
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Block cipher [r]: A symmetric cipher that operates on fixed-size blocks of plaintext, giving a block of ciphertext for each [e] (July 13 — 20, 2012)
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Higgs boson [r]: A massive spin-0 elementary particle, first proposed by Peter Higgs, that plays a key role in explaining the mass of other elementary particles. [e] (July 6 — 13, 2012)
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Dementia [r]: Progressive decline in two or more cognitive domains that is severe enough to interfere with the performance of everyday activities. [e] (June 29 — July 6, 2012)
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Scalawag [r]: A Southern white American who joined the Republican party during Reconstruction. [e] (June 22 — 29, 2012)
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Formal fuzzy logic [r]: A system which translates vague assumptions into probabilities that can be used in calculations. [e] (June 16 — 22, 2012)
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Politics [r]: Activity that relates to the way in which society is governed, and the process by which human beings living in communities make decisions and establish obligatory values for its members. [e] (June 8 — 16, 2012)
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King cobra [r]: the largest venomous snake in the world belonging to the family Elapidae, found throughout South and Southeast Asia. [e] (June 1 — 8, 2012)
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Buddhism [r]: Spiritual tradition founded on the teachings of the Buddha. [e] (May 28 — June 1, 2012)
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Europe [r]: Sixth largest continent; area 10,000,000 km2; pop. 720,000,000 [e] (May 19 — 28, 2012)
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Black mamba [r]: A large, highly venomous snake which is the longest venomous snake in its native habitat, Africa. [e] (May 11 — 19, 2012)
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Passive attack [r]: An attack on a communications system in which the attacker reads messages he is not supposed to but does not alter them. [e] (May 5 — 11, 2012)
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Economics [r]: The analysis of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [e] (April 28 — May 5, 2012)
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Choked flow [r]: A limiting point for the mass flow rate of a gas which occurs under specific conditions when the gas flows through a restriction (such as a valve, a convergent-divergent nozzle, the hole in an orifice plate, or a leak in a gas pipeline or other gas container) into a lower pressure environment. [e] (April 20 — 28, 2012)
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RMS Titanic [r]: British passenger liner that sank on its maiden voyage in 1912 after hitting an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean; best-known maritime disaster. [e] (April 13 — 20, 2012)
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Karl Marx [r]: 19th century philosopher and economist. Creator of a theoretical foundation for Communism. [e] (April 6 — 13, 2012)
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ASIMO [r]: A Japanese humanoid robot created by Honda. [e] (March 31 — April 6, 2012)
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Associated Legendre function [r]: Function defined by
where Pℓ denotes a Legendre function. [e] (March 23 — 31, 2012)
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The Social Capital Foundation [r]: A Brussels-based NGO promoting social capital and social cohesion. [e] (March 17 — 23, 2012)
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History of economic thought [r]: the historical development of economic thinking. [e] (March 9 — 17, 2012)
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Los Alamos National Laboratory [r]: A U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory located in Los Alamos, New Mexico and originally the development and construction center of nuclear weapons during the Manhattan Project for use by the United States in World War II. [e] (March 2 — 9, 2012)
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Diabesity [r]: A term referring to the intricate relationship between type 2 diabetes and obesity. [e] (February 24 — March 2, 2012)
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Electroconvulsive therapy [r]: A psychiatric treatment that involves inducing a seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain. [e] (February 18 — 24, 2012)
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International economics [r]: The study of the patterns and consequences of transactions and interactions between the inhabitants of different countries, including trade, investment and migration. [e] (February 10 — 18, 2012)
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The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order [r]: A book, by Samuel Huntington, assuming a fundamental conflict between civilizations of different cultures, and discussing grand strategy to deal with this conflict [e] (February 3 — 10, 2012)
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National Institute of Standards and Technology [r]: A measurement standards laboratory which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. [e] (January 27 — February 3, 2012)
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Hausdorff dimension [r]: The extended non-negative real exponent associated to any metric space where the Hausdorff measure changes from ∞ to 0. [e] (January 20 — 27, 2012)
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Ideal gas law [r]: Relates pressure, volume and temperature for hypothetical gases of atoms or molecules with negligible intermolecular forces. [e] (January 14 — 20, 2012)
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Volatility (chemistry) [r]: A term used to characterize the tendency of a substance to vaporize. [e] (January 6 — 14, 2012)
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Alcmaeon of Croton [r]: A Greek natural philosopher, living c. 500 BCE, interested in particular in medicine and physiology, credited by scholars as the first person to recognize the brain as the seat of intelligence and mind, whose ideas about the causes of disease prompted or anticipated those of Hippocrates. [e] (December 31, 2011 — January 6, 2012)
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Thomas Jefferson [r]: (1743-1826) Third President of the United States; author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom; father of the University of Virginia [e] (December 23 — 31, 2011)
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Linguistics [r]: The scientific study of language. [e] (December 17 — 23, 2011)
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Kilt [r]: A knee-length, skirtlike, traditional Scottish garment, usually worn by men as part of Highland attire. [e] (December 9 — 17, 2011)
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Warfarin [r]: Rat poison also used as anticoagulant medication to prevent embolism and thrombosis [e] (December 2 — 9, 2011)
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Global warming [r]: The increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. [e] (November 26 — December 2, 2011)
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Reuben sandwich [r]: Part of American food folklore, a dish made from rye bread, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese and corned beef, although pastrami can be used instead of corned beef. [e] (November 19 — 26, 2011)
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British and American English [r]: A comparison between these two language variants in terms of vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation. [e] (November 12 — 19, 2011)
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Plymouth Colony [r]: English colony in North America, 1620-1691, until it was absorbed by Massachusetts. [e] (November 4 — 12, 2011)
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Arab Spring [r]: Protest movements in the Arab world that seek the removal of oppressive governments. [e] (October 28 — November 4, 2011)
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C (letter) [r]: The third letter of the English and Latin alphabets. [e] (October 22 — 28, 2011)
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Fertility (demography) [r]: The demographic analysis of having babies. [e] (October 14 — 22, 2011)
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Geometric series [r]: A series associated with a geometric sequence, i.e., consecutive terms have a constant ratio. [e] (October 8 — 14, 2011)
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Eurozone crisis [r]: A financial crisis involving member countries of the Eurozone [e] (October 1 — 8, 2011)
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Destroyer [r]: While the definition has evolved constantly, it is a multipurpose surface warship, generally less powerful than a cruiser, with capabilities against ship, aircraft, submarine, land, and sometimes ballistic missile targets [e] (September 26 — October 1, 2011)
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Cypherpunk [r]: People interested in cryptography as a tool for privacy, anonymity and social change. [e] (September 17 — 26, 2011)
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Dirac delta function [r]: Sharply peaked function, generalization of the Kronecker delta; a distribution that maps a regular function onto a single function value. [e] (September 10 — 17, 2011)
- Lockheed SR-71 [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 2 — 10, 2011)
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Clostridium difficile [r]: A bacteria species causing infectious diarhhea and pseudomembranous colitis. [e] (August 25 — September 2, 2011)
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Great Recession [r]: The disruption of economic activity that began with a downturn in 2007 and generated international repercussions that continued through 2012 and into 2013. [e] (August 19 — 25, 2011)
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Alice Bailey [r]: Author of spiritual, occult, esoteric and religious themes; early popularizer of terms New Age and Age of Aquarius. [e] (August 13 — 19, 2011)
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Félix d'Hérelle [r]: (1873 – 1949) - A French-Canadian bacteriologist, and the discoverer of bacteriophages. [e] (August 7 — 13, 2011)
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Miller effect [r]: The increase in the equivalent input capacitance of an inverting voltage amplifier due to a capacitance connected between two gain-related nodes. [e] (July 29 — August 7, 2011)
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Gut-brain signalling [r]: The interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. [e] (July 23 — 29, 2011)
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Neanderthal [r]: Extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Pleistocene specimens found in Europe and parts of western and central Asia. [e] (July 13 — 23, 2011)
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Tennis [r]: A sport played on a hard-surfaced rectangular court, between either two players or two teams of two players each, in which the players attempt to strike a hollow rubber ball, using a stringed raquet, over a net into the opponent's half of the court. [e] (July 2 — 13, 2011)
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Apollo program [r]: A human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA during the years 1961–1975 with the goal of conducting manned moon landing missions. [e] (June 26 — July 2, 2011)
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Semiconductor diode [r]: Two-terminal device that conducts current in only one direction, made of two or more layers of material, of which at least one is a semiconductor. [e] (June 17 — 26, 2011)
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Miller effect [r]: The increase in the equivalent input capacitance of an inverting voltage amplifier due to a capacitance connected between two gain-related nodes. [e] (June 11 — 17, 2011)
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Specific heat ratio [r]: The ratio of the specific heat of a gas at constant pressure,
, to the specific heat at constant volume,
, also sometimes called the adiabatic index or the heat capacity ratio or the isentropic expansion factor. [e] (June 3 — 11 2011)
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Macromolecular chemistry [r]: The study of the physical, biological and chemical structure, properties, composition, and reaction mechanisms of macromolecules. [e] (May 27 — June 3, 2011)
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Tecum Umam [r]: Legendary defender of the Maya and national hero of Guatemala. [e] (May 21 — 27, 2011)
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Heterotaxis [r]: A genus of orchids formed by a group of about fourteen large epiphytic neotropical species of small flowers, which previously were considered part of genus Maxillaria. [e] (May 4 — 21, 2011)
Articles of the Week (before May 4, 2011)
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Space (mathematics) [r]: A set with some added structure, which often form a hierarchy, i.e., one space may inherit all the characteristics of a parent space. [e]
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World of Warcraft [r]: An online video game, released by Blizzard Entertainment in 2004. [e]
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Social capital [r]: Productive assets arising out of social relations, such as trust, cooperation, solidarity, social networks of relations and those beliefs, ideologies and institutions that contribute to production of goods. [e]
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Richard Condon [r]: (1915 – 1996) A prolific and popular American political novelist whose satiric works were generally presented in the form of thrillers or semi-thrillers. [e]
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Natural gas [r]: A gas consisting primarily of methane (CH4) which is found as raw natural gas in underground reservoirs, as gas associated with underground reservoirs of petroleum crude oil, as undersea methane hydrates and as coalbed methane in underground coal mines. [e]
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Stairway to Heaven [r]: A 1971 song written and recorded by Led Zeppelin, which became their signature tune and a centrepiece for the group's live performances. [e]
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Cryptography [r]: A field at the intersection of mathematics and computer science that is concerned with the security of information, typically the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of some message. [e]
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English spellings [r]: Lists of English words showing pronunciation, and articles about letters. [e]
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Folk saint [r]: A deceased person or spirit that is venerated as a saint but who has not been officially canonized by the Church. [e]
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Led Zeppelin [r]: Famous and influential English hard rock and blues group formed in 1968, known for their albums Led Zeppelin IV and Physical Graffiti, and songs 'Stairway to Heaven' and 'Whole Lotta Love'. [e]
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Locality of reference [r]: A commonly observed pattern in memory accesses by a computer program over time. [e]
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Rabbit [r]: Long-eared, short-tailed, burrowing mammals of the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world. [e]
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Scarborough Castle [r]: Ruined stone castle on the east coast of Yorkshire, England, begun in mid-twelfth century. [e] (September 3)
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The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order [r]: A book, by Samuel Huntington, assuming a fundamental conflict between civilizations of different cultures, and discussing grand strategy to deal with this conflict [e] (August 27)
-
Mauna Kea [r]: One of the three main volcanic mountains on Hawaii, the biggest island in the state of Hawaii. [e] (August 20)
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Brute force attack [r]: An attempt to break a cipher by trying all possible keys; long enough keys make this impractical. [e] (August 13)
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Cruiser [r]: While definitions vary with time and doctrine, a large warship capable of acting independently, as a flagship, or a major escort; capabilities include anti-air warfare, anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, land attack, and possibly ballistic missile defense [e] (August 5)
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The Canterbury Tales [r]: Collection of stories in verse and prose by Geoffrey Chaucer. [e] (July 30)
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Milpa agriculture [r]: A form of swidden agriculture that is practiced in Mesoamerica. Traditionally, a "milpa" plot is planted with maize, beans, and squash. [e] (July 23)
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Domain Name System [r]: The Internet service which translates to and from IP addresses and domain names. [e] (July 16)
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Scuticaria [r]: A genus of orchids, closely related to Bifrenaria, formed by nine showy species of cylindrical leaves, which exist in three isolated areas of South America. [e] (July 9)
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Torture [r]: The infliction of mental or physical pain, for punishment or as an interrogation technique. [e] (July 2)
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Miltonia [r]: An orchid genus formed by nine showy epiphyte species and seven natural hybrids of Brazil, one species reaching Argentina and Paraguay. [e] (June 25)
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Ancient Celtic music [r]: The music and instruments of the ancient Celts until late Antiquity. [e] (June 18)
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Bifrenaria [r]: A genus of orchids formed by circa twenty species of South America, some widely cultivated because of their large and colored flowers; divided in two distinct groups, one with large flowers and short inflorescences and the other with small flowers and long inflorescences. [e] (June 11)
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Halobacterium NRC-1 [r]: A microorganism from the Archaea kingdom perfectly suited for life in highly saline environments giving biologists an ideal specimen for genetic studies. [e] (June 4)
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Animal [r]: A multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms, and is distinguished from plants, fungi, and unicellular organisms. [e] (May 28)
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Coal [r]: A carbon-containing rock formed by the effect of bacteria, heat and pressure on the debris from the decay of ferns, vines, trees and other plants which flourished in swamps millions of years ago. [e] (May 21)
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Johannes Diderik van der Waals [r]: (1837 – 1923) Dutch scientist, proposed the van der Waals equation of state for gases. [e] (May 7)
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Scientific method [r]: The concept of systematic inquiry based on hypotheses and their testing in light of empirical evidence. [e] (Apr 14)
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Korematsu v. United States [r]: A U.S. Supreme Court case, in which the internment of Japanese-Americans was deemed constitutional due to military necessity [e] (Apr 7)
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Orchid [r]: Any plant classified under Orchidaceae, one of the largest plant families and the largest among Monocotyledons. [e] (Mar 31)
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Oliver Cromwell [r]: (1599-1658) English soldier, statesman, and leader of the Puritan revolution, nicknamed "Old Ironsides". [e] (Mar 24)
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Wisconsin v. Yoder [r]: 1972 U.S. Supreme Court decision in which it was held that the constitutional rights of the Amish, under the "free exercise of religion" clause, were violated by the state's compulsory school attendance law. [e] (Mar 17)
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Conventional coal-fired power plant [r]: An industrial plant which produces electricity by burning of coal and air in a steam generator that heats water to produce high pressure steam which then flows through a series of steam turbines that spin an electrical generator to generate electricity. [e] (Mar 10)
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Battle of the Ia Drang [r]: First divisional-scale battle involving helicopter-borne air assault troops, with U.S. forces against those of North Vietnam [e] (Mar 3)
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Ether (physics) [r]: Medium that can carry electromagnetic waves (obsolete) [e] (Feb 24)
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Large-scale trickle filters [r]: One of the processes by which biodegradable substances in wastewaters are biochemically oxidized. [e] (11 Feb)
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Homeopathy [r]: System of alternative medicine involving administration of highly diluted substances with the intention to stimulate the body's natural healing processes, not considered proven or even plausible by mainstream science. [e] (28 Jan)
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Microeconomics [r]: A branch of economics that deals with transactions between suppliers and consumers, acting individually or in groups. [e] (14 Jan)
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Speech Recognition [r]: The ability to recognize and understand human speech, especially when done by computers. [e] (26 Nov)
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Mashup [r]: An integrated application created by combining data and services of multiple applications. On the web, "mashup" typically refers to the combining of geographical location information with a service such as Google maps or Microsoft Virtual Earth. [e] (19 Nov)
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Tux [r]: The name of the penguin, official logo and cartoon mascot for the Linux computer operating system. [e] (14 Oct)
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Hydrogen bond [r]: A non-covalent and non-ionic chemical bond involving a hydrogen atom and either Fluorine, Nitrogen, or Oxygen. [e] (7 Oct)
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Lead [r]: Chemical element number 82, a corrosion-resistant, dense, ductile heavy metal known to cause neurological problems. [e] (1 Sept)
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DNA [r]: A macromolecule — chemically, a nucleic acid — that stores genetic information. [e] (8 July)
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Augustin-Louis_Cauchy [r]: (1789 – 1857) prominent French mathematician, one of the pioneers of rigor in mathematics and complex analysis. [e] (1 July)
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Vasco da Gama [r]: Portuguese explorer who established a sea route from Europe to India. [e] (24 June)
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Phosphorus [r]: Chemical element (Z=15) vital to life and widely used in fertilizers, detergents and pesticides. [e] (17 June)
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Crystal Palace [r]: A glass and iron structure built to house the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. It was moved and rebuilt on Sydenham Hill in 1854 but was destroyed by fire in 1936. [e] (10 June)
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Gross Domestic Product [r]: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a total of the outputs recorded in a country’s national income accounts. [e] (3 June)
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RNA interference [r]: Process that inhibits the flow of genetic information to protein synthesis. [e] (27 May)
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Latino history [r]: History of Hispanics in the U.S., especially those of Mexican origins. [e] (20 May)
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Navy Grog [r]: Rum-based drink. [e] (13 May)
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Systems biology [r]: The study of biological systems as a whole. [e] (6 May)
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Steroid [r]: Hormone group that controls metabolism, catabolism, growth, electrolyte balance and sexual characteristics. [e] (22 Apr)
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Lebanon [r]: a country in the Middle East. It borders Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its official language is Arabic, although French is widely spoken. The capital and largest city of Lebanon is Beirut. [e] (15 Apr)
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Wheat [r]: Grass crop grown worldwide and used in making flour and fermentation for alcohol production. [e] (7 Apr)
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Benjamin Franklin [r]: 1706-1790, American statesman and scientist, based in Philadelphia. [e] (1 Apr)
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Coherer [r]: A type of radio detector, popular in the earliest days of radio development, beginning around 1890. [e] (25 Mar)
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U.S. Civil War [r]: Major war 1861-65 fought over slavery in which the U.S. defeated the secessionist Confederate States of America. [e] (18 Mar)
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Life [r]: Living systems, of which biologists seek the commonalities distinguishing them from nonliving systems. [e] (11 Mar)
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Petroleum refining processes [r]: [e] (4 Mar)
- Shirley Chisholm [r]: Add brief definition or description (20 Feb)
- Telephone Newspaper [r]: Add brief definition or description (4 Feb)
- Wristwatch [r]: Add brief definition or description (28 Jan)
- Korean War of 1592-1598 [r]: Add brief definition or description (21 Jan)
- Andrew Carnegie [r]: Add brief definition or description (11 January 2008)
- Bowling [r]: Add brief definition or description (31 December 2007)
- Architecture [r]: Add brief definition or description (December 6)
- Civil society [r]: Add brief definition or description November 29
- Joan of Arc [r]: Add brief definition or description (November 22)
- Chemistry [r]: Add brief definition or description (November 15)
- Albert Gallatin [r]: Add brief definition or description (November 8)
- Prime number [r]: Add brief definition or description (November 1)
- Tennis [r]: Add brief definition or description (October 25)
- Rottweiler [r]: Add brief definition or description (October 18)
- Theodor Lohmann [r]: Add brief definition or description (October 9)
- William Shakespeare [r]: Add brief definition or description (October 2)
- Edward I [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 25)
- El Tío [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 18)
- Scotland Yard [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 11)
- Kilt [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 4)
- U.S. Electoral College [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 28)
- Butler [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 21)
- Tony Blair [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 14)
- Northwest Passage [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 7)
- Literature [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 31)
- Biology [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 25)
New Drafts of the Week (before May 4, 2011)
- Multi-touch interface [r]: Add brief definition or description
- NoSQL [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Debt [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ellipse [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Aeneid [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Tall tale [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Plane (geometry) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Steam [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Wasan [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Racism in Australia [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Think tank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Les Paul [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Zionism [r]: Add brief definition or description (September 3)
- Earth's atmosphere [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 27)
- Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 20)
- The Sporting Life (album) [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 13}
- The Rolling Stones [r]: Add brief definition or description (August 5)
- Euler angles [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 30)
- Chester Nimitz [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 23)
- Heat [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 16)
- Continuum hypothesis [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 9)
- Hawaiian alphabet [r]: Add brief definition or description (July 2)
- Now and Zen [r]: Add brief definition or description (June 25)
- Wrench (tool) [r]: Add brief definition or description (June 18)
- Air preheater [r]: Add brief definition or description (June 11)
- 2009 H1N1 influenza virus [r]: Add brief definition or description (June 4)
- Gasoline [r]: Add brief definition or description (21 May)
- John Brock [r]: Add brief definition or description (8 May)
- McGuffey Readers [r]: Add brief definition or description (14 Apr)
- Vector rotation [r]: Add brief definition or description (7 Apr)
- Leptin [r]: Add brief definition or description (31 Mar)
- Kansas v. Crane [r]: Add brief definition or description (24 Mar)
- Punch card [r]: Add brief definition or description (17 Mar)
- Jass–Belote card games [r]: Add brief definition or description (10 Mar)
- Leptotes (orchid) [r]: Add brief definition or description (3 Mar)
- Worm (computers) [r]: Add brief definition or description (24 Feb)
- Joseph Black [r]: Add brief definition or description (11 Feb 2009)
- Sympathetic magic [r]: Add brief definition or description (17 Jan 2009)
- Dien Bien Phu [r]: Add brief definition or description (25 Dec)
- Blade Runner [r]: Add brief definition or description (25 Nov)
- Piquet [r]: Add brief definition or description (18 Nov)
- Crash of 2008 [r]: Add brief definition or description (23 Oct)
- Information Management [r]: Add brief definition or description (31 Aug)
- Battle of Gettysburg [r]: Add brief definition or description (8 July)
- Drugs banned from the Olympics [r]: Add brief definition or description (1 July)
- Sea glass [r]: Add brief definition or description (24 June)
- Dazed and Confused (Led Zeppelin song) [r]: Add brief definition or description (17 June)
- Hirohito [r]: Add brief definition or description (10 June)
- Henry Kissinger [r]: Add brief definition or description (3 June)
- Palatalization [r]: Add brief definition or description (27 May)
- Intelligence on the Korean War [r]: Add brief definition or description (20 May)
- Trinity United Church of Christ, Chicago [r]: Add brief definition or description (13 May)
- BIOS [r]: Add brief definition or description (6 May)
- Miniature Fox Terrier [r]: Add brief definition or description (23 April)
- Joseph II [r]: Add brief definition or description (15 Apr)
- British and American English [r]: Add brief definition or description (7 Apr)
- Count Rumford [r]: Add brief definition or description (1 April)
- Whale meat [r]: Add brief definition or description (25 March)
- Naval guns [r]: Add brief definition or description (18 March)
- Sri Lanka [r]: Add brief definition or description (11 March)
- Led Zeppelin [r]: Add brief definition or description (4 March)
- Martin Luther [r]: Add brief definition or description (20 February)
- Cosmology [r]: Add brief definition or description (4 February)
- Ernest Rutherford [r]: Add brief definition or description(28 January)
- Edinburgh [r]: Add brief definition or description (21 January)
- Russian Revolution of 1905 [r]: Add brief definition or description (8 January 2008)
- Phosphorus [r]: Add brief definition or description (31 December)
- John Tyler [r]: Add brief definition or description (6 December)
- Banana [r]: Add brief definition or description (22 November)
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy [r]: Add brief definition or description (15 November)
- B-17 Flying Fortress (bomber) [r]: Add brief definition or description - 8 November 2007
- Red Sea Urchin [r]: Add brief definition or description - 1 November 2007
- Symphony [r]: Add brief definition or description - 25 October 2007
- Oxygen [r]: Add brief definition or description - 18 October 2007
- Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal [r]: Add brief definition or description - 11 October 2007
- Fossilization (palaeontology) [r]: Add brief definition or description - 4 October 2007
- Cradle of Humankind [r]: Add brief definition or description - 27 September 2007
- John Adams [r]: Add brief definition or description - 20 September 2007
- Quakers [r]: Add brief definition or description - 13 September 2007
- Scarborough Castle [r]: Add brief definition or description - 6 September 2007
- Jane Addams [r]: Add brief definition or description - 30 August 2007
- Epidemiology [r]: Add brief definition or description - 23 August 2007
- Gay community [r]: Add brief definition or description - 16 August 2007
- Edward I [r]: Add brief definition or description - 9 August 2007