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...that is, within the peripheral nervous system, heroin is hydrolyzed by the protein carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) into 6-acetylmorphine, then into morphine.<ref na

...enzyme in rennet is [[chymosin]]. Chymosin causes [[casein]], the primary protein group in milk, to coagulate. Today, most chymosin used in cheese making ha ...ve and negative benefits that are found in milk. It is a good source of [[protein]], [[calcium]] and [[vitamin A]], while being high in [[fat]] and [[cholest

...('''pri-miRNA'''), but are not [[translation (biology)|translated]] into [[protein]]. ...ll nucleus | nucleus]] into the [[cytoplasm]] by [[Exportin 5]], a carrier protein. The [[Dicer]] [[enzyme]] then [[restriction enzyme|cut]]s 20-25 nucleotid

...55(3):459-66.</ref> The ''Ter'' sequences function as a binding site for a protein called ''Tus'' (for ''T''erminus ''U''tilization ''S''ubstance), whereby re ...C''. DnaA then achieves separation the strands of the 13-mer segments. The protein DnaC functions to deliver DnaB, which is composed of six identical subunits

...o distinct G protein-coupled receptors and modulated by a secreted binding protein. These neuropeptides are also released within the brain and influence stres

...sine monophosphate|cAMP]], which activates [[CAMP-dependent protein kinase|protein kinase A]], which subsequently activate [[lipase]]s found in [[adipose tiss

...siologic anticoagulant mechanisms, such as the antithrombin system and the protein C system, which insufficiently balance this thrombin generation.

...three types of networks, which describes protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-metabolite interactions.''"<ref name=alon2003/> Alon notes that cellular ne

...otein, 6K2 protein, NIα-VP9 protein, NIα-Pro protein, NIb protein and coat protein. ...d by a type of RNA helicase. NIb is RNS-dependent RNA polymerase. The coat protein has carboxy terminal. Functions of the P3, 6K1 and 6K2 are still unknown. S

...sf.de/genre/proj/mfungd/About/glossary.html] Munich Information Center for Protein Synthesis</ref><ref name=NCBICell>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer The external membrane of the mitochondria contain the transport protein [[porin]]. Porin forms aqueous channels through the [[lipid bilayer]] of th

====Amyloid-beta protein==== Amyloid-beta protein may be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of some patients.<ref name="pmid

...protein secretions, and three of them are seen in ''P. aeruginosa''. These protein secretion pathways include ABC transport proteins that are embedded in lipi ...omonas aeruginosa infection of CF lungs. Thus, it is thought that the AlgR protein, might be regulating not only genes controlling alginate production, but ot

A '''pilus''' ([[Latin]] for 'hair'; plural : ''pili'') is a hairlike [[protein]] structure on the surface of a [[cell (biology)|cell]], especially [[Gram- ...the intestine, adhesion to other microbial cells in [[biofilms]], gene and protein injection into other cells, DNA uptake by naturally transformable bacteria,

...om ''N. christyi'' venom. The major lethal peaks (about 12% of total venom protein) were purified further with molecular sieve chromatography and were charact

...me and enters the cytosol where it activates the G protein Gsa to lock the protein in its GTP- bound form causing continual stimulation of [[adenylate cyclase ...lent drug design and inhibition of cholera toxin by specific and transient protein-ligand interactions.'''Liu J, Begley D, Mitchell DD, Verlinde CL, Varani G,

A '''cell''' is a [[metabolism|metabolically]] active unit containing [[protein|proteins]] and [[nucleic acid]]s enclosed by a selectively permeable membra ...r organism survival by living cells by being used to specify [[RNA]] and [[protein]] structures, functions, and [[phenotype|phenotypic]] adaptations of the ce

...et al. Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates. N Engl J Med 2009. PMID 19246357</ref> The lowest-carbo ...], found that low carbohydrate diets based on vegetable sources of fat and protein are associated with less [[coronary heart disease]].<ref name="pmid17093250

...h and the shape ranges from spherical to pleomorphic. It is enveloped in a protein coat which is encased in a fatty envelope. This fatty envelope is easily di ...tive-sense strand does not include a cap or a covalently attached terminal protein.<ref>[http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/Paramyxoviruses.html]</ref>

There a several [[cell surface receptor]]s for opioids. All are G-protein-coupled receptors.

...va CB, Pereira HA, Serufo JC et al.| title=Procalcitonin versus C-reactive protein for guiding antibiotic therapy in sepsis: a randomized trial. | journal=Cri * [[C-reactive protein]]

...rons and these genes were long about 2.3 kilo bases. In the genome, [[5300 protein encoding genes]] were determined. That is about 1 gene for every 4338 base ...s blood is used as food for ''Plasmodium falciparum''. [[Hemoglobin]] is a protein and it is broken down into [[peptides]]. [[Hemazoin]] is the form in which

...the precursor, wastage of ATP, and creation of a monomer that can used in protein synthesis.

...re believed to be formed through the partial unraveling of the [[albumen]] protein molecules in response to beating with a whisk. The formation of a relativel ...e still need [[protein]] for our bodies to perform. Raw Foodists get their protein from foodstuffs like lentils, chickpeas, tofu, peas, peanut butter, soy mil

...ata, predicted open reading frames were searched against known protein and protein motif databases to identify four proteins potentially involved in adhesion

...he liver makes some products which the body needs, such as some types of [[protein]] and [[Fat/Definition|fat]]s, and it processes and stores many others, suc

The hepatitis B virus is a complex virus with a central core and a protein coat. ...surrounded by an outer shell that is approximately 4 nm in thickness. The protein of the virion coat is known as the "surface antigen", or HBsAg, that is som

...rarely described in the terminology of polymer science. For example, a [[protein]] is rarely referred to as a [[copolymer]]. ...gy)|translate]] that information to synthesize the specified protein. The protein may be [[Posttranslational modification|modified further]] following transl

...he assembly size of ''T. vaginalis'' is about 160Mb with 60,000 identified protein coding genes. The genomes large size is due to many repetitions within the ...[[HIV]] entry. The ''T. vaginalis'' manipulates the p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathway to increase cytokine expression. P38 MAPK is linked to the p

...in some cell types and is a channel that can transport protons. When this protein is active in the inner membrane it short circuits the coupling between the

...residue from the 28S ribosomal RNA in the 60S ribosome, the toxin inhibits protein synthesis, causing cell death.<ref name=Niyogi/> ...subunits are then injected into the cell, and these subunits work inhibit protein synthesis by deactivating the ribosomes. This eventually leads to the death

...stitute the leech. Since leeches lack [[endopeptidases]], the mechanism of protein digestion can not follow the same sequence as it would in all other animal

...source of motility. When viewing RomR-mDSRed and Frz S-GFP in a cell, each protein built up with comparable kinetics at each pole and reached symmetrical stat ...ing and the morph to fruiting bodies, its also methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein. FrzF is a methyl transferase (CheR). Frzt contains and additional domain w

...d secreted in response to the presence of partly digested [[lipid]]s and [[protein]]s. CCK inhibits gastric emptying and stimulates the release of digestive e ...terham2006>Batterham RL ''et al.'' (2006 ) Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation. ''Cell Metab'' 4:223–33</r

...e information necessary for synthesizing the [[amino-acid]] sequences in [[protein]]s, which in turn play a large role in determining the final [[phenotype]], ...ns about how to build a particular protein, as in ''the gene codes for the protein''.

|Protein coding genes: ...e tuberculin skin test (TST), or sometimes simply known as a PPD (purified protein derivative). There has been research ongoing that has discovered that two

...eat acquired [[angioedema]] due to deficiency of [[complement C1 inhibitor protein]].

<td> Protein NMR assignments </td> <td>Protein NMR assignments</td>

*[http://cryptome.org/smallpox-wmd.htm Smallpox knows how to make a mouse protein. How did smallpox learn that?] ''The New Yorker'' July 12, 1999, p44-61. 'T

Like all other [[protein]]s, peptide [[hormone]]s are synthesized from [[amino acid]]s according to

...es immunity and thus the host becomes susceptible to infection. The third protein is the [[Protective Antigen(PA)]] by itself is not toxic. If the PA is ina ...peptidoglycan layer]], [[lipoteichoic acid]], and crystalline cell surface protein ([[S-layers]]). What separates ''B. anthracis'' from other gram positive b

...RNA thioaptamer that binds to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 581 | pages = 2497-2502 | year = 2007 }

...pecies and they are formed by [[connexin]], [[innexin]] and [[pannexin]] [[protein|proteins]]. ...d of six subunits called '''connexins'''. Each connexin is a 7.5 nm long [[protein]], having four membrane-spanning regions. Connexins may be identical or sli

**Protein

...onic bond]] and the [[covalent bond]]. Within [[macromolecule]]s such as [[protein]]s and [[nucleic acid]]s, it can exist between two parts of the same molecu ...tertiary structure of protein through interaction of R-groups.(See also [[protein structure]]).

...ft&oldid=100084516 Punctuation issue resolved, cell number issue resolved; protein number issue resolved incorporating A Sebastien latest text which is scient ...es of content at the time of the April 18 deadline are corrected by edits. Protein numbers are fully addressed by AS text introduced by D Tribe by pasting fro

...course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically sp

...hat is a fluid containing high amounts of immunoglobins and the protective protein lactoferrin.

...]ic [[vacuole]]s; C: [[immunohistochemistry]] showing staining for [[S-100 protein]]; D: immunohistochemistry showing staining for [[cytokeratin]]; E: immunoh

...o be made up of only a few kinds of atoms, very large biomolecules, like [[protein]]s and [[DNA]] can be made to form cystals under the right conditions.

The terminal end of the genome consists of a 55 [[kDa protein]] on every 5' end of it. The importance of this is that it enables sufficie ...ls lacking telomerase activity." Furthermore, they added Green Fluorescent Protein to the vector, and showed that "TelomeScan causes viral spread into the reg

...s, block this protein from activating the NK and NKT cells. When the IL-18 protein is not blocked, it causes the production of Interferon-gamma or IFN-&gamma. ====Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) binding protein====

...virulence factors include [[hydrogen peroxide]], pili, and choline binding protein.<ref>[http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/S.pneumoniae.html Textbook of B

...ligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for [[protein]] studies.

...ry]], '''adrenergic receptors''' are [[cell surface receptor]]s of the [[G-protein-coupled receptor]] type that are in the [[sympathetic nervous system]] and ...se-[[cyclic AMP]] primarily and also [[cyclic GMP]] which then activates [[protein kinase]]s.

...om ''N. christyi'' venom. The major lethal peaks (about 12% of total venom protein) were purified further with molecular sieve chromatography and were charact

Amoxicillin binds to the penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell well.

...gist]] Marvin Harris, the eating of insects is taboo in cultures that have protein sources that require less work, like farm [[bird]]s or [[cattle]].

...sures that only the bacteria of interest grow in the media and produce the protein of interest.

'''Erythropoietin''' ('''Epo''' or '''EPO''') is a protein [[hormone]] produced by the [[kidney]]s in response to [[hypoxia]], and is ...e, [[Chinese hamster ovary cells]], allowing large-scale manufactureof the protein as a commercial product. It was approved for use in 1991. About $10B was sp

...sociated lipocalin (NGAL), an acute-phase protein that is also called LCN2 protein, may help predict the need for [[renal replacement therapy]].<ref name="pmi

...|year=1990 |pmid=2161986}}</ref> Red blood cells contain [[hemoglobin]], a protein which stores and transports oxygen throughout the body. Active neurons cons

...ld around the bacteria. This protein is referred to as Salmonella invasion protein A (SipA). ...bacteria were engineered to produce a protein known as [[NY-ESO-1]]. This protein, which is not found in healthy cells, allows the immune system to detect it

...ular protein, that can be ligated into a much larger bacterial plasmid for protein over-expression. Directed mutagenesis of over-expressed proteins also reli

...eng J et al.| title=Value of soluble TREM-1, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein serum levels as biomarkers for detecting bacteremia among sepsis patients w

...e of photopigments within them. In the rods, rhodopsin(a combination of a protein, scotopsin, and a vitamin-A derivate) reacts to light and undergoes a very ...cones, a similar photopigment exists; the difference being instead of the protein scotopsin, photopsin is employed which allows for the absorption of red, gr

...tatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=359 |issue=21 |pages=2195–207 |year=200 ...ob Selhub, Ralph D'Agostino, Christopher J. O'Donnell | title = C-Reactive Protein and Reclassification of Cardiovascular Risk in the Framingham Heart Study |

...f ''Clock'') is a [[transcription factor]] which dimerises with BMAL1 (the protein product of ''Bmal1''). CLOCK and BMAL1 form a complex which binds to E-box ...34-9</ref>. Leptin exhibits circadian patterns in both gene expression and protein secretion in humans, with a peak during sleep <ref name=Kalra03>Kalra SP(20

...idemic on islands of the Indian Ocean the Chikungunya strain had enveloped protein gene, E1-A226V. The researchers cloned the virus and infected the ''aedes a ...orm of the disease, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and RANTES that is a protein. RANTES is an acronym for Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and S

...e transfer into chloroplasts concerns a large ribosomal subunit bacterial protein gene (''rpl36'') which has transferred into the ancestor of the algal proti ...f the MULE DNA had been under positive selection, as typically happens for protein-coding genes that confer some survival or reproductive benefit. In such cas

...tural proteins, the capsid protein, the membrane protein, and the envelope protein, which together encapsulate and protect the viral RNA by forming a viral pa ...of the virus due to its susceptibility to mutation. “Glycosylation of ENV protein can influence virus infectivity and has been considered a potential determi

...anism to the endothelial cells. This is specifically the case for the CR-3 protein of ''C. albicans''. It was discovered that CR3 was the receptor for endothe ...s in one or many amino acids that may give functional differences for each protein. This circumstance increases the amount of different types of proteins dete

===Reduce protein intake=== ...urnal |author=Córdoba J, López-Hellín J, Planas M, ''et al'' |title=Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study |jo

...[[mRNA]] (messenger RNA to be [[Translation (genetics)|translated]] into [[protein]] on [[ribosome]]s). LINE elements [[code]] for 2 genes, one of which has k ...small nuclear RNAs. SINEs do not encode a functional reverse transcriptase protein and rely on other mobile elements for transposition. The most common SINES

...es of the [[cell membrane]] and the [[membrane transport|ion transport]] [[protein]]s that are in the cell membrane. How the concentrations of ions and the me

...grounds that it's inconceivable that we could ever have articles on every protein. It's a rule that can't be enforced coherently, is in practice not applied,

...ly impermeable to all charged molecules. However, channels called [[Porin (protein)|porin]]s are present in the outer membrane that allow for [[passive transp Fimbrae are protein tubes that extend out from the outer membrane in many members of the [[Prot

...gnesium''' is an important cofactor for many biological processes, such as protein synthesis, nucleic acid stability,<ref name="pmid14970378">{{cite journal |

...about 150-200 nm in diameter. HSV is surrounded by an envelope and has a protein-bound caspid which holds the genetic information. The envelope that surrou ...of at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered such a protein that is produced during latency and its purpose. Early in 2006, Dr. Haser

...ressed via a messenger RNA (mRNA) which participates in the synthesis of [[protein]]s. In turn, the catalytic activities of proteins decide many of the proper ...of the cell where that DNA-genetic information is used for synthesizing [[protein]]s. Understanding that flow of information is necessary for understanding t

...w-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: rationale and design of the JUPITER trial |journal=Circulation |volume=108

...T in adulthood. This conversion is performed by [[mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1]] (UCP1), which is activated by the diet, in the [[mitochondria]]. Mice t ...5239 Role of resistin in insulin sensitivity in rodents and humans] ''Curr Protein Pept Sci'' 10:96-107</ref>

|rowspan=3 |interpretation of the [[genetic code]] and its function [[protein synthesis]] |rowspan=2 |for discovering how [[phosphorylation]] of [[protein]]s is used to regulate biological processes

...rotein]] products than they use (cooperators) and viruses which use more [[protein]] products than they produce (defectors).

...d to and block the [[purinergic P2Y12 receptor]]s. These receptors are [[G-protein-coupled receptor]]s and are subreceptors of [[purinergic P2Y receptor]].

...om patients are shown to have dramatically increased levels of 2 cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain src-homology 2 (SH2): SHP-1 and SHP-2. O

.... elegans'' has a small genome, yet a very complex one. It has over 19,000 protein coding genes.<ref name=Hope/> There are 8 x 107 base pairs of DNA in the ...unregulated. ⁴The C. elegans had shown an increase in levels of protein carbonyl and reactive oxygen species similar to patients with alzheimers di

...but, for clinical use, is produced through genetic engineering. When the protein is expressed in yeast cells, sargramostim (U.S. trade name: Leukine™).<re

...initiates the transcription of two other genes, ''per'' and ''tim'', whose protein products also dimerize and then inhibit their own expression by disrupting The 24-hour rhythm could be reset by light via the protein CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), which is involved in the circadian photoreception in ''

'''Ferritin''' is a water-soluble complex of protein and iron, which circulates in free form in the blood and can be measured in

...eeding. Platelets also form the substrate for the function of the soluble protein clotting cascade, and platelets can help activate this important [[hemostat ...[[phosphatidylethanolamine]]) for the [[tenase]] and [[prothrombinase]] [[protein coagulation cascade]] complexes.

...s index, circulating levels of sex steroid hormones, IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3: a cross-sectional study in healthy women. European Journal of Enodcrinol ...by a mechanism independent of leptin deficiency. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 appears to contribute to the exaggerated responses to ischemic stroke in

...rotected maize with damage free maize (white mealie) protected with the Bt protein, Photo Kwa Zulu Natal, 2005]] ...ce can be engineered into crops by expressing a version of ''target site'' protein that is not inhibited by the herbicide, or by introducing genes that encode

...reproduce, which leads to fighting over women. This aspect of the “Scarce Protein Theory” is presented as a vicious cycle. Due to the lack scarce proteins,

...ressed via a messenger RNA (mRNA) which participates in the synthesis of [[protein]]s. In turn, the catalytic activities of proteins decide many of the proper ...of the cell where that DNA-genetic information is used for synthesizing [[protein]]s. Understanding that flow of information is necessary for understanding t

====C-reactive protein and procalcitonin==== ...was B, Krummenauer F, Forycki ZF, Shah PM |title=Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and APACHE II score for risk evaluation in patients with severe pneumonia |

...rion]]s ([[protein]]s that can exist in a conformation which induces other protein molecules to assume that same conformation). ...lls. The [[Hershey-Chase experiment]] in 1952 showed that only DNA and not protein enters a bacterial cell upon infection with [[enterobacteria phage T2|bacte

...ation, regulatory sequence expansion and diversification, and alternative protein isoform expression) increase variation and minimize [[pleiotropy]] associat ...between species. Regarding the [[synapse]] proteome, a great expansion of protein types due to gene family duplication and diversification has been revealed

...hus ''P. gingivalis'' expresses [[proteolytic enzymes]] which regulate the protein function in the body <ref>[http://www.nutritionalwellness.com/archives/2006 ...the immune system. This IL-17 component is a type of T-cell “a cytokine, a protein hormone made by "T helper" cells of the immune system that stimulate immuni

...m scheme.GIF|thumb|left|350px|A few of the catabolic pathways in a cell. [[Protein]]s are broken down into [[amino acids]], and fats into glycerol and [[fatty ...s). The [[Golgi apparatus]] of cells contains many of the enzymes used for protein [[posttranslational modification]] (an anabolic process).

...m scheme.GIF|thumb|left|350px|A few of the catabolic pathways in a cell. [[Protein]]s are broken down into [[amino acids]], and fats into glycerol and [[fatty ...s). The [[Golgi apparatus]] of cells contains many of the enzymes used for protein [[posttranslational modification]] (an anabolic process).

...lecular Endocrinology. 35:159-164 (Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) are potent food-stimulating neuropeptides that are highly co-localis ...ition'' 90:838-43 (At the brain level, 2 afferent pathways are involved in protein and amino acid monitoring: the indirect neural (mainly

#Biological enrichment of food substrates with protein, essential [[amino acid]]s, essential [[fatty acid]]s, and vitamins ...decomposition of carbohydrates, and since animal tissues are composed of [[protein]]s and [[lipids]], and contain at most only traces of carbohydrates, the op

* ADAMTS13 protein activity and inhibitor (von Willebrand factor-degrading protease)<ref name=

...6625550">{{cite journal |author=Fouque D, Laville M, Boissel JP |title=Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults |journal=Cochrane D | Protein restriction<ref name="pmid17943769"/> || Diabetic renal disease || [[relati

Protein A and clumping factors are both cell surface proteins. [[Protein A]] induces [[platelet]] damage and hypersensitivity. The cocci clumps whe [[Coagulase]], [[nuclease]]s, [[lipases]], [[hyaluronidase]] and protein receptors are all extracellular enzymes that play an important role in pat

...topadhyay R, Chattopadhyay D, Chatterjee IB |title=Cigarette smoke-induced protein oxidation and proteolysis is exclusively caused by its tar phase: preventio

...of açaí in the United States was "depriving Brazilian jungle dwellers of a protein-rich nutrient they’ve relied on for generations."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http ...on Oprah Winfrey's Web site, are depriving Brazilian jungle dwellers of a protein-rich nutrient they've relied on for generations.

...''et al.'' (1997) Distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA in the normal adult rat CNS: evidence for anterograde axonal trans

...on yeast extract, [[maltose]], [[cellobiose]], ß-glucans, [[starch]], and protein sources (tryptone, peptone, casein and meat extracts). Growth is very slow,

...1 tRNA and 19 rRNA; whereas the ATCC12228 strain contains a number of 2381 protein coding genes, 60tRNA and 16rRNA. The genome of ''S. epidermidis'' has a low ...concentration of polysaccharide intracellular adhesin (PIA), an important protein necessary for the development of biofilm. Besides fluorocitrate, any other

...de novo synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides, common strategies for protein expression and purification, and the growing list of in vivo labeling

...e [[Langhans giant cell]]s on biopsy, normal levels of [[complement system protein]]s, and no autoantibodies.<ref name="pmid17928602">{{cite journal |author=R ...ption of [[Henoch-Schonlein purpura]], serum levels of [[complement system protein]]s may be low in these vasculitides.

...genome consists of a varied group of secreted proteins and a range of [[G-protein coupled receptor]] (GPCR) genes. Furthermore, strong phylogenetic evidence ...f the genome is estimated to be ~40Mb. 11,109 genes are predicted to yield protein products and make up 48% of ''M.grisea'' genome. Evidently, phylogeniticall

...C-1'' increases its production of [[Bacteriorhodopsin]], which is a unique protein that can use light as an energy source, much like [[chlorophyll]] can in [[ ...in helping to maintain the osmotic balance within the cell. This membrane protein acts as a light driven pump by transporting chloride and potassium ions int

* {{search link|protem||ns0|ns14|ns100}} (pro tem, protein) * {{search link|protien||ns0|ns14|ns100}} ([[protein]])

===Activated protein C=== ...(PROWESS) study group. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 8;344(10):699-709. PMID 1123677

...equires both structural proteins and enzymes, resulting in great amount of protein synthesis. The metabolic rate of the cell will be high. The progression thr

...lic enzyme that provides for a unique chemical nature of its surface. This protein has highly negative charges that make it soluble to their environemnt and t ...ge, A. T., Goldberg, M. D., & Lund, P. A. (2009, February). Chaperones and protein folding in the archaea. Biochemical society transactions, 37(Part 1), 46-51

...alysis, their limited kidney function can best process a diet with reduced protein, fluid, and some minerals. Supplemental Vitamin D and calcium often are pre

...ne]] (NE), and [[dopamine]] (DA) [[catecholamine plasma membrane transport protein]]s. This blockade prevents the reuptake of neurotransmitters, thus increasi

...ifuges are frequently used in various scientific protocols such as DNA and protein purification. The most common laboratory centrifuge is the bench top centr

...he 'reducing end' glucose residue is not free but is covalently bound to a protein termed [[glycogenin]] as a β-linkage to a surface tyrosine residue. [[Glyc

...25-30% of the volume of the gland. Most express [[glial fibrillary acidic protein]], which identifies them as a subpopulation of astrocytic glial cells. Like

The poison in the death angel is a relatively small protein made up of eight amino acids, a cyclopeptide called alpha-amanitin. Alpha-a

...eproduction|reproduce]] on its own, performing the tasks of both DNA and [[protein]]s (enzymes), RNA is believed to have once been capable of independent [[li ...the peptide bond, the reaction that binds [[amino acid]]s together into [[protein]]s, is now known to be catalyzed by an [[adenine]] residue in the [[rRNA]]:

...e opioid peptide. These endogenous opioids act at three large classes of G-protein coupled receptors - the mu receptor (at which morphine binds with very high

...'[[cerebrospinal fluid|CSF]]''' - typical CSF findings include an elevated protein level (100 - 1000 mg/dL) without an accompanying pleocytosis (increased cel ...rohl]] discovered the key diagnostic abnormality of increased spinal fluid protein production, but normal cell count.

...portion of total sodium reabsorption<br>accounted for!! Membrane transport protein<br>[[Ion pump]] or [[ion channel]]!! Diuretics that<br>act at this location

...scovered in 1973, <ref>(Hardie and Carling, 1997)</ref>, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates several key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesi

...Authentic growth hormone can only be injected, because the 191 amino-acid protein is too large to be absorbed through the mucous membranes, and would break u # [[Protein]] [[cross-linking]] can largely be reversed by [[medication|drugs]] that br

...stroke in obese mice ''Stroke'' 39:943-50</ref>. Monoctye chemoattractant protein-1 appears to be involved in the exaggerated responses to ischaemic stroke i ...999>Chavin KD ''et al.'' (1999) Obesity increases expression of uncoupling protein 2 in hepatocytes and promotes liver ATP depletion. ''J Biol Chem'' 274:5692

...cytoskeleton corset. The small size of ''T. brucei'' allows rapid rate of protein trafficking from the inside of the cell to the cell surface. The kinetoplas ...of motile flagella that are evolutionarily conserved. The motile flagella protein TbCMF is composed of 30 novel genes. Mutants with knockout of these genes

...shell called a [[capsid]]; the existence of ''both'' genetic material and protein distinguishes them from other virus-like particles such as [[prion]]s and [ ...to be mostly [[protein]]. A short time later the virus was separated into protein and [[nucleic acid]] parts.

...and this may reflect the presence of a reduced set of [[penicillin-binding protein]]s and the absence of a ''wblC'' gene, which has an important role in the a ...ties by binding to the [[lipomannan]] of the cell wall of the microbe. The protein (mostly found in mammalian [exocrine] secretion) leads to the destruction o

...h and the shape ranges from spherical to pleomorphic. It is enveloped in a protein coat which is encased in a fatty envelope.<ref>Chen, Chen-Chih, Pei, Kurtis ...tive-sense strand does not include a cap or a covalently attached terminal protein. Each gene includes transcription start and stop signals that are transcrib

...by examining human blood samples for the presence of BDV RNA, p40, or p24 protein. ...enisch, M., Burger, N., Staeheli, P., Bauer, G., and Schneider, U. (2009). Protein X of Borna disease virus inhibits apoptosis and promotes viral persistence

...anti-inflammatory activity. These [[steroid]]s also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the conne

...al mediator of cholesterol absorption, the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells as well as in [[hepatocyte]]

...-shivering thermogenesis through activation of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is essential for effective adaptation to the cold exposure of the ...a mixture of white and brown adipocytes. BAT possesses a unique uncoupling protein, UCP1, which is responsible for the rapid generation of large amounts of he

...features of the many different life forms on Earth are made possible by [[protein]]s. Structurally, proteins are long chains of [[amino acid]] subunits. In s ...and consequences of biological information at the level of [[gene]]s and [[protein]]s. Discovery of the DNA double helix made clear that genes are functionall

*Lu D ''et al.'' (1994) Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor. ''Nature''

...AS2-10 binds to the cells, preventing them from growing in response to the protein signals <ref>Terri Mitchell, [http://lef.org/magazine/mag2004/may2004_repor

...,365,589 base pairs. Eighty-six percent of the genome can be attributed to protein-coding genes, 1.4% is stable RNA, and non-coding regions 12.6%. These perce ...on of the modified strain will induce an immune response to the replicated protein and provide immunity to the pathogen. Mucosal immunity is a main concern of

..., Filipsson K, Abbott CR, Woods A, Smith K, Bloom SR, et al. AMP-activated protein kinase plays a role in the control of food intake. Journal of Biological Ch

...ive World Food Prize for Decades-Long Scientific Quest To Produce "Quality Protein Maize" for Developing Countries]</ref>. * Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties have been released in 25 countries, and are grown on

...by their expression of the intermediate filament [[glial fibrillary acidic protein]] (GFAP), although the level of GFAP expression varies widely between astro ...cytes to secrete the cytokine [[leukemia inhibitory factor]], a regulatory protein that promotes the myelinating activity of oligodendrocytes. <ref>{{cite jo

...nical patterns'' of biochemistry, exemplified by their [[protein synthesis|protein synthesis machinery]]. ...ontaining the information necessary to [[gene expression|build]] various [[protein]]s such as [[enzyme]]s, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other

In the [[Western blot]] procedure, HIV-infected cells are opened and the [[protein]]s within are placed into a slab of gel, to which an electrical current is ...s]] specific to the p24 protein are mixed with the person's blood. Any p24 protein in the person's blood will stick to the monoclonal antibody and enzyme-link

*Kovacs KJ ''et al.'' (1998) Protein synthesis blockade differentially affects the stress-induced transcriptiona

* [[Bivalirudin]] is a recombinant protein * [[Hirudin]] is a recombinant protein for treating [[heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]] (HIT)

...at=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov |issn=}}</ref> Musher et. al. concluded that protein vaccines may be needed in the high risk elderly.

...roteins, including [[lactoferrin]], [[bactericidal/permeability increasing protein]] and [[defensin]]s. These proteins generally confer their antimicrobial ac

...te]], [[glutathione S-transferase]] (GST), [[intestinal fatty-acid binding protein]] (i-FABP) may be helpful.<ref name="pmid19424744">{{cite journal |author=E

...version to the respective storage forms of [[glycogen]], triglycerides and protein.<br /> ...vels. In [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|Type-II diabetes]], insulin [[receptor protein|receptors]] on cells become less responsive to insulin in the blood and the

#[[Protein kinase C]], and the ...ar levels of [[glucose]] cause a non-enzymatic [[covalent bond]]ing with [[protein]]s, which alters their structure and destroys their function. Certain of th

...roper neuronal migration. <ref name=cardoso/> The LIS1 gene encodes for a protein similar to the β subunit of G proteins responsible for degrading bioactive

...mus, and it activates NPY-containing neurons. Leptin also acts through [[G-protein]] coupled membrane receptors, and leptin receptors are expressed in many br

...Chase 1952)<ref>Hershey AD, Chase M (1952) Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. J Gen Physiol [http://www.jgp * DNA and [[protein]] are colinear (Sarabhai, Stretton, Brenner and Bolle 1964)<ref>Sarabhai AS

Viljoen et al. (1982) isolated a protein, a neurotoxic phospholipase A<font size="-1">₂</font>, from the

...Chase 1952)<ref>Hershey AD, Chase M (1952) Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. J Gen Physiol [http://www.jgp * DNA and [[protein]] are colinear (Sarabhai, Stretton, Brenner and Bolle 1964)<ref>Sarabhai AS

...d extracts. While they are primarily flavorings, they also can have a high protein, as well as sodium, concentration. Fermented fish products historically dev

...atics]] theorems efficiently using [[computer]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Protein folding in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic (HP) model is NP-complete.|last=Berg

|title=Protein-based phylogenies support a chimeric origin for the eukaryotic genome

'''Troponin''' is a protein of muscle, blood levels of which have become important in diagnosis. "Its

...is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than either [[maize]] (corn) or [[rice]], the other major [[cereals ...eed|kernel]]. It is a concentrated source of [[vitamin]]s, minerals, and [[protein]], and is sustained by the larger, [[starch]] storage region of the kernel

...r a robust initial classification, then genetic, [[cytology|cytological]], protein and DNA evidence was added. Now the categories are forms (little used), ra ...and fish, in order to acquire the complete range of amino acids for normal protein synthesis.

* protein, especially certain amino acids.

...insect]]s also use sugars as cryoprotectants. Arctic fish use [[antifreeze protein]]s, sometimes appended with sugars, as cryoprotectants.

* Hypoprotenemic edema due to nephrotic syndrome, [[cirrhosis]], [[protein-energy malnutrition]] (including [[Kwashiorkor]] and [[marasmus]])

...and also requires a quantum mechanical description. A prime example is the protein [[rhodopsin]] which is present in the retina of the human eye and plays a k

...oduces. The main enterotoxin, '''[[cholera toxin]]''', interacts with [[G protein]]s and [[cyclic AMP]] in the intestinal lining to open [[ion channels]]. As ...wall where they can thrive. So they start producing the hollow cylindrical protein [[flagellin]] to make [[flagella]], the curly whip-like tails that they rot

....gov/sites/entrez?db=Protein Entrez Protein]: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/55660867 55660867]; [[PubMed]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db

...fore react with, and attach to, biological chemicals such as [[DNA]] and [[protein]]s. Even if one subjected to mustard gas survives the initial blistering ti

Typically, peptides act via binding to specific [[G-protein coupled receptor]]s that are expressed on the surface of target cells (thou

{{Protein

...px|Figure 3: Gaussian approximation curves describing the concentration of protein eluded over time. tr,A and tr,B refer the retention time solute A and B. }}

...is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than either [[maize]] (corn) or [[rice]], the other major [[cereals ...eed|kernel]]. It is a concentrated source of [[vitamin]]s, minerals, and [[protein]], and is sustained by the larger, [[starch]] storage region of the kernel

.../en.citizendium.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Licenses MediaWiki:Licenses] Protien -> Protein

...s that contain [[neuropeptide Y]] (NPY); another peptide, [[agouti-related protein]] (AGRP); and the inhibitory neurotransmitter [[GABA]]. These neurons, in t

...l like they're in an open-air courtyard as they browse beauty supplies and protein bars. But if customers dare pull out a phone or camera to enjoy the space f

...hlbachler KA, Bleecker ER, Weiss ST, Liggett SB |title=A polymorphism of G-protein coupled receptor kinase5 alters agonist-promoted desensitization of beta2-a

...' genome encodes 5 proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G), and polymerase (L). Glycoprotein acts as a catalyst ...s core consists of helically arranged ribonucleoprotein, which consists of protein and RNA. The Negri Body, a specialized structure within the cytoplasm which

...me can block nerve or muscle cell receptors, and some have activity in the protein cascades for [[coagulation]], [[complement fixation]] or [[inflammation]]. ...contractility. The third group of toxins contains enzymes that break down protein and connective tissue. These necrosis-producing toxins are typical of the v

...ypeptide. The structure is packaged in a [[capsid]] formed by the capsid [[protein]]. The genome encodes several structural proteins:

# Biomedical applications, such as novel protein design and synthesis and targeted drug delivery

...]], [[dreidel]], [[geisha]], [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]], [[caffeine]], [[protein]], [[rottweiller]], [[kaleidoscope]], [[zeitgeist]], reified.

...r different, emphasizing [[sequence analysis]], quantitative analysis of [[protein]] structure, and similar problems. It is a matter of debate how fundamental

...ure and properties are important in biology. Inman M ( ) Shape of a common protein module suggests role as molecular switch. PLoS Biology 4:e221 doi:10.1371/j {{main|Protein chemistry}}

...ure and properties are important in biology. Inman M ( ) Shape of a common protein module suggests role as molecular switch. PLoS Biology 4:e221 doi:10.1371/j {{main|Protein chemistry}}

...al intracellular pathways such as the Gq/G11 coupled intracellular calcium/protein kinase C pathway, and also highlights the fact that signaling is much more

...|liver]] and [[ovarian cancer]], [[pancreatitis]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], protein-losing [[enteropathy]] or [[portal vein]] [[thrombosis]]. The fluids can b ...me="pmid1616215"/> Some of these patients will have a positive [[purified protein derivative]] (PPD) test.

...> In the past ''Chorella minutissima'' has been considered to be used as a protein source to the world population to solve the problem of hunger due to two Wo

===G-protein-coupled receptor kinase=== ...This may be due to a polymorphism in African-American patients of the [[G-protein-coupled receptor kinase]] (GRK5) that confers a natural "genetic beta-block

{{protein {{protein

<tr><td>[[Lysinuric protein intolerance]]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>

...and is used to treat breast cancer in women whose cancer cells express the protein [[HER2]].

...ther [[nectar]], a concentrated energy source, and pollen, which is high [[protein]] food from flowers, to nurture their young, and inadvertently transfer som

{{protein {{protein

...Sans MT">In the chloroplast's thylakoid membranes, electrons in a pigment-protein complex, called photosystem II (PS-II), excited by PS-II-captured photons,

...Sans MT">In the chloroplast's thylakoid membranes, electrons in a pigment-protein complex, called photosystem II (PS-II), excited by PS-II-captured photons,

Receptors for ghrelin (G-protein coupled membrane receptors, variously called GHS receptors or ghrelin recep

...rin saturation''': A first step is the measurement of [[transferrin]], the protein which chemically binds to iron and carries it through the blood to the [[li '''Serum Ferritin''': [[Ferritin]], the protein which chemically binds to iron and stores it in the body. Measuring ferriti

...oteins]]. A virus attached to a host cell's membrane takes over the cell's protein-producing factories ([[ribosome|ribosomes]]), and causes the creation of la

...from a different antibiotic class. They function by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

The microscopic 'hairs' of these sensory cells are structural protein filaments that project out into the fluid. The hair cells are [[mechanorece *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3740680.stm Protein behind hearing]

...or [[mRNA]] into the oocyte or developing embryo, scientists can study the protein products in a controlled system. This allows rapid functional expression of

The human POMC gene encodes a large [[precursor protein]], which is cleaved by [[prohormone convertase enzymes]] (PCs) into several ...'' (2002) Hypothalamic interactions between neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and alpha-melanocytestimulat

...was a huge step in solving the mystery of this virus, and it showed that [[protein kinase R]] (PKR) blocked the replication in mice. Not only does it help in

...] (see links below) or [[nutrition|nutritional]] benefit due to its high [[protein]] content.

...inus;</sup> is either added to a protein by a [[kinase]] or removed from a protein by a [[phosphorylase]].

...om plasma involves the delivery of an intracellular glucose transporter, a protein called GLUT4, to the cell membrane. GLUT4 proteins remain in storage in int

...inus;</sup> is either added to a protein by a [[kinase]] or removed from a protein by a [[phosphorylase]].

Soy Pro, is short for Soy and Protein. Soy Pro is now on the market and being sold like soy milk. Soy Pro is so

...rgeted Antiviral Therapy for HCV (STAT-C) target HCV [[viral nonstructural protein]]s essential to replication and life of the virus.

Those with celiac disease cannot tolerate a protein called gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten proteins may also be

some homeopathic drugs on the catalytic activity of cAMP-dependent protein ...ence of some homeopathic drugs on the catalytic activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinases". BM, 2000, 6; 289-296.</ref><ref name="Neuroprotection from glutam

...cts on a cell, transduct the signal by secondary messenger systems, or [[G protein|G-proteins]].

...rent socio-economic groups generally eat different food products to obtain protein. Those with low socio-economic status tend to eat more fatty meats and less

...ears my work has mostly involved determining the structure of the envelope protein domain III of [[West Nile virus]], [[Dengue fever|Dengue virus]], [[Omsk He ...ing a generic message to a list. If you need a structure of a chemical, a protein, or DNA, just send me note and I can whip it out for you in a minute.

...lso associated with the regulation of [[gene-expression]], through their [[protein]] binding capacity.

...ingle type of [[nucleic acid]], either DNA or RNA, directly encased in a [[protein]] coat. ...'. Of the transcribed sequences, some are used to directly make a matching protein sequence by a process called ''[[translation]]'' (meaning translation from

...ef>Wang YF, Hatton GI (2007) Interaction of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 with actin cytoskeleton in supraoptic oxytocin neurons and astro

...ion over many structured spaces (for instance, optimal goloumb rulers or [[protein folding]]).

** Protein-linked lipids

...interesting to our culture. Instead, there is abundant evidence for animal protein as a large part of their diet, a fact that is not surprising considering th ...ng struck by a stone hammer are present, presumably in order to get at the protein rich marrow inside the bone.<ref name=Feder/>

...author=Agarwal S, Sohal RS. | title=Relationship between susceptibility to protein oxidation, aging, and maximum life span potential of different species | jo

...the herpesvirus family. It is capable of encoding more than 200 potential protein products, but the function of most of these proteins is presently unknown. ...ngle faces, shaped into a sphere. This capsid is made out of 162 hexagonal protein capsomeres [http://128.240.24.212/cgi-bin/omd?capsomere], and is surrounded

...nd humid temperate regions in Alaska. DNA sequences were obtained from the protein-coding beta-tubulin gene, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit reg

...eptors, which atre mainly found in peripheral tissues. CB1 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors, located on the plasma membranes of neurones in specific ...dia and dangerous arrhythmias, as well as raising the metabolism of muscle protein and promoting bone turnover. <ref>Rang H ''et al.'' (2007) ''Pharmacology.'

...'. (2002) Hypothalamic interactions between neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and alpha-melanocytestimulat

...al, the inside potential negative with respect to the outside potential. A protein-based ion-pumping mechanism located within the lipid bilayer of the.... ...FF" align="CENTER" valign="MIDDLE" | '''<font color="#000000" face="Arial">Protein Content</font>'''

...he chromosome of the CO92 strain has 4,653,728 base pairs. There are 4,012 protein-coding genes, including 149 [[pseudogenes]]. The genome is rich in insertio ...mation. Scientists are currently experimenting with a recombinant [[fusion protein]] of the ''Yersinia pestis'' F1 and V [[antigens]]. Natural or induced immu

...[[strain]] WCFS1 is known to have 3,308,274 base pairs and contains 3,052 protein-encoding genes as well as three [[plasmids]] (1,917-bp, 2,365-bp, and 36,06

...level, raised rheumatoid factor level and more recently, raised C-reactive protein level. "Agent" became more preferred than "drug" to be more inclusive of th *** [[Etanercept]] (Enbrel) is a [[recombinant fusion protein]]

...antigen or group specific cell wall polysaccharide antigen, a surface (C) protein and a type-specific capsular polysaccharides. The type-specific capsular p ...ce factors. Several genes such as Sip (SAG0032), CAMP factor (SAG2043), R5 protein (SAG1331), Streptococcal enolase (SAG0628), hyaluronidase (SAG1197) and hem

...ans MK, Wenger J, Zonderman AB, Berg AH, Nalls M, et al. Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Vitamin D Status of Black Americans and White Americans. New England Jo

...]]. This may be due to an increase in [[dopamine plasma membrane transport protein]] density which may remove dopamine from the [[synapse]] too quickly,<ref n Stimulants work by blocking the [[dopamine plasma membrane transport protein]].<ref name="pmid16023516">{{cite journal |author=Biederman J, Faraone SV |

...ium strain has noticeable differences within its membrane composition. The protein residues as well as the fluidity of the membrane itself are decreased. The

* [[Cholesteryl ester transfer protein]] (CETP) inhibitors ([[anacetrapib]], dalcetrapib , [[evacetrapib]], [[torc * [[Cholesteryl ester transfer protein]] (CETP) inhibitors

...ypodermic syringe. This virus particle is thus composed only of structural protein and (as is characteristic of viruses in general) a single type nucleic acid ...rer radically from cellular organisms, having no ribosomes or capacity for protein synthesis, and generally no metabolic capabilities.

...studied range from single [[atom]]s, [[molecule]]s, molecular clusters, [[protein]]s, nucleic acids, micelles and nanoparticles, up to objects as large as hu ..., stereochemistry, and composition, as well as dynamic information such as protein folding/unfolding equilibria, chemical exchange rates, molecule diffusion o

...esity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Mice lacking X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), a transcription factor used to modulate the body’s response to ...egulated when treated with TZDs. This produced evidence of a TZD-regulated protein, called ''resistin''.<ref>Steppan CM ''et al.''(2001) The hormone resistin

...gy. Enzymologists study the behavior of [[Enzyme|enzymes]], the [[Protein|protein]] catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions in living cells without t

| title =Yellow nail syndrome: complete triad with pleural protein turnover studies. ...uccessfully increase the number of macrophages, leading to proteolysis and protein reabsorption. Of note, however, is that hepatotoxicity has been associated

...H. Ma, J.L. Bowman, G.N. Drews, K.A. Feldmann & E.M. Meyerowitz| title=The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription fa

...fulfill human dietary requirements but when eaten together, they achieve "protein complimentarity."<ref name="Fischer and Hendrickson 2003">Edward F. Fischer

...almost all species of organisms have the same genetic code for specifying protein structures?

...chine). The ribosome [[translation|translate]]s the code by assembling a [[protein]] molecule from [[amino acid]]s (the building blocks of proteins) according ...tart codon and three stop codons that is transcribed and translated into a protein molecule. }}

...a complex structure that allows [[bacteria]] to move; up to 40 different [[protein]]s must be arranged in a very particular way for the flagellum to work. Pro ...s evolved from just two precursors (a proto-flagellin and a proto-rod/hook protein) by several rounds of gene duplication and diversification.

...ntial for life on [[Earth]]. It is incorporated into [[amino acid]]s and [[protein]]s, and is part of the [[nucleic acid]]s, such as [[DNA]] and [[RNA]]. In p

...c nature, such as chitinase, lipase, chloroperoxidase and an extracellular protein, HasA <ref>http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/11/903.[Hejaz

...te]], [[glutathione S-transferase]] (GST), [[intestinal fatty-acid binding protein]] (i-FABP) may be helpful.<ref name="pmid19424744">{{cite journal |author=E

|Protein coding genes:|| 793|| 93% ...HLA type and immune response to <I>Borrelia burgdorferi</I> outer surface protein a in people in whom arthritis developed after Lyme disease vaccination

*Increase in immune factors (such as C-Reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis alpha) with weight gain ...or alpha]]); (2) [[acute phase proteins]] / reactants such as [[C-reactive protein]]; (3) [[adipokines]] of the alternative [[complement system]]; (4) [[chemo

...0 were found in the [[rice]] genome). MITEs are too small to encode any [[protein]]s. ...l AMAC gene, the three transduced (duplicated) AMAC copies contain intact protein coding sequences in the human genome, and at least two are actively transcr

...hin film on the tooth called the enamel pellicle. It contains a cell-bound protein, glycosyl transferase, that serves as an adhesion for attachment to the too

...transmitter may also bind to metabotropic receptors, which are usually [[G-protein]] coupled receptors. When these receptors are activated, they produce intra

...chromosomes there are genes that code for components for DNA replication, protein synthesis, core metabolism, and cell-wall biosynthesis (DelVecchio et al.,

...05 proteins are counterparts in [[OPV]] ([[''Orthopoxviruses'']]). The OPV protein are considered to be the essential proteins for replication, and is noted t

In 2006 scientists found a membrane-imbedded protein in the stomach called decay-accelerating factor (DAF), which serves as a re

...is not essential for the dissemination of virus within the host. The M128L protein is a novel CD47-like immunomodulatory gene of myxoma virus required for ful

...abnormalities in routine laboratory tests (example, elevated [[C-reactive protein]]). In several systemic disorders, serological assays which can detect spec

...nsect-loving) plants produce pollen that is relatively heavy, sticky and [[protein]]-rich, for dispersal by [[insect]] [[pollinator]]s attracted to their [[fl

...10 weeks of age) that ubiquitously expressed enhanced [[green fluorescent protein]] (GFP)"<ref>Brazelton et al: "From Marrow to Brain: Expression of Neuronal

...cranium, and through the cribiform plate into the brain. The glucose and protein present in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain support the growth and rapi

...portion of total sodium reabsorption<br>accounted for!! Membrane transport protein<br>[[Ion pump]] or [[ion channel]]!! Diuretics that<br>act at this location

...as well as dynamic information regarding the system of interest, e.g., [[protein]]s, [[DNA]] and other natural products. ...assignment method was developed in order to associate specific nuclei in a protein with the observed resonance frequencies<ref>A. Dubs, G. Wagner and K. Wüth

...nome Institute the strain contains a total of 2,924,325 nucleotides, 2,771 protein genes, and 75 RNA genes. L. casei have a 45-47% G+C content.<ref>http://ww

...x]]. Cortisol acts on many cells to influence gene transcription and hence protein synthesis, and it also has direct membrane effects on some cells.

...n diet]], and the reliance on men for the acquisition of the majority of [[protein]] sources. In 80% of [[hunter-gather societies]], men provide more calories ...may be due to the reliance on unrelated men for acquiring the majority of protein meat in the [[human diet]]. Thus it is unlikely that mothers were able to m

Cryobiology comprises the study of any biological material or system (e.g., [[protein]]s, cells, tissues, organs, or organisms) subjected to any temperature belo

Nectar provides the energy for bee [[nutrition]]; pollen provides the [[protein]]. When bees are rearing large quantities of [[brood (honey bee)|brood]] (b

...molecular level. This is due to their interaction with [[nucleic acid]], [[protein]]s and [[lipids]]. Reactive oxygen species oxidize (take electrons from) as

...utritional science: ''it'' had to prove that food is nothing but calories, protein, fiber, micronutrients and so forth. Still a very alert scientist in 1987,

However, since the early 1990s analysis of a wide variety of protein and DNA sequence data consistently indicated that whales should be included

...nvulsant effect. This is because diazepam is very lipid-soluble and highly protein-bound, and has a very large distribution of unbound drug, resulting in diaz

...Fenn|John Fenn]] for the development of [[mass spectrometry]] in [[Protein|protein chemistry]], an award that failed to recognise the achievements of Franz Hi

...s most commonly used for breads. Each of these grains provides starch and protein to the final product. ...ch fat is included in a bread dough, the lubrication effect will cause the protein structures to divide. A fat content of approximately 3% by weight is the c

...gions of the DNA known as 'estrogen regulatory elements' (EREs). Increased protein synthesis can follow as early as 30 min later. Thus, for estrogen to ''dire

...the system, as when a reaction product alters the catalytic ability of the protein.

...ional [[protein subunits]], largely affecting the regulation and [[protein-protein interaction]] of the core. Other overarching similarities between all line

...otechnology]] has focused largely on [[marine biomolecule]]s, especially [[protein]]s, that may have uses in medicine or engineering. Marine environments are

...recognized to be similarly repeating. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show some similarity between [[Kingdom (biology)|kingdoms]] l

[[Adiponectin]] is a protein hormone which is secreted into the bloodstream from adipose tissue and modu

*[[Robert Nalbandyan]], (1937&ndash;2002), Armenian protein chemist

{{Protein

...ochondria|mitochondrial]] production of [[energy]]; [[Ribosome|ribosomal]] protein synthesis; circuits of biochemical reactions regulating [[gene]] expression ...omponents of a system; for example, (a) for molecular components: gene and protein interactions involved in a cell’s [[metabolic pathways]]; (b) for organis

...s such as [[myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein]] (MOG) and [[myelin basic protein]] (MBP). [[As of 2007]], however, there is no established role for these te ...[[macrophages]], and more activation of cytokines and other destructive [[protein]]s such as [[matrix metalloproteinase]]s.

...code for nonstructural regulatory proteins. The E3 ORF does not code for a protein, and the E8 ORF has been identified only in bovine Papillomaviruses. The la

* Patients should consume 60 to 120 g of protein per day

...]. Inflammation may underlay the association between elevated [[C-reactive protein]] levels and coronary heart disease. ...c2451 }} </ref> Poor oral hygiene is associated with elevated [[C-reactive protein]] and [[fibrinogen]].<ref name="pmid20508025"/>

...ant gene. It is the gene that gives rise to the growfactor bonemorphogenic protein 4 (BMP4). They found that birds with a bigger beak made earlier in the dev ...ection results in functional genetic features (e.g. [[Protein biosynthesis|protein-coding sequences]] or [[regulatory sequence]]s) being [[conservation (genet

...fluenced by tool using behavior, both in access to quality food (primarily protein from ant/termite fishing and nut cracking), and the efficient collection of

...ty lipoprotein (HDL) [[cholesterol]]; overweight; detectable levels of the protein [[albumin]] in the urine (microalbuminuria). The abnormalities of triglycer

...181,863 base pairs. The total number of genes is 5,516, with 5,421 being [[protein]] coding. The total number of repeats, or stretches greater than 200 base p

...0 were found in the [[rice]] genome). MITEs are too small to encode any [[protein]]s.

...at romantic love lasts "just a year" when they measured raised levels of [[protein]] in the bloodstream which have been linked to the feelings of euphoria and ...ng. After a year, 39 people were still in the same relationship, and their protein levels "had been reduced to normal levels," the scientists at the Universit

** Genetic thrombophilia ([[factor V Leiden]], [[protein C deficiency]], [[protein S deficiency]], [[antithrombin]] deficiency, [[hyperhomocysteinemia]] and [ ...philia screen") for Factor V Leiden mutation, antiphospholipid antibodies, protein C and S and antithrombin levels, and later prothrombin mutation, MTHFR muta

...recognized to be similarly repeating. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show similarities between [[Kingdom (biology)|kingdoms]] like

...opolymers]]. The main classes are [[carbohydrate]]s, [[amino acid]]s and [[protein]]s, [[polysaccharide]]s, [[lipid]]s, and [[nucleic acid]]s.

...osphate)]] within the cells which leads to [[cGMP-dependent protein kinase|Protein Kinase G-mediated]](PKG) cytoskeletal modifications.<ref name=Konopacka2009 ...t is this intracellular calcium increase that activates [[protein kinase c|protein kinase C]] (PKC), which manifests as learning deficits in children as a res

...tle = Consumption of French-press coffee raises cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity levels before LDL cholesterol in normolipidaemic subjects

...sally recognized. There is now good molecular evidence via karyotyping and protein electrophoretic analysis, immunological distance, DNA sequence analysis etc

The virion has an icosahedral nucleocapsid made up of 162 capsomeres, and a protein covering separates the nucleocapsid from the lipid envelope that contains t

...erican material abundance, a conspicuous feature of which was a variety of protein-rich meals, eastern European Jews differed on account of the dense religiou

...ame="ahrq94"/> but not reduce inflammation as measured by the [[c-reactive protein]].<ref name="pmid18237823"/><ref name="ahrq94"/>

...science|colloidal]] ''[[Water|aqueous]]'' solutions bounded by [[lipid]]-[[protein]] membranes (e.g., nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (see [[Cell ...sequences of smaller organic molecules. Organic macromolecules include [[protein]]s (sequences of amino acids), [[lipid]]s, [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nuclei

...rimarily for [[sugar]] as an energy source, and the latter primarily for [[protein]] and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for [[larva]]e.

The venom of the black mamba is virulently toxic. Being a protein of low molecular weight, the venom of the black mamba is able to spread ext ...America'' '''88''' (6): 2437–2440.. PMC 51247. PMID 1848702.</ref> Being a protein of low molecular weight, the venom and its constituents are able to spread

...roteins were recognized to be similar. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show similarities between [[Kingdom (biology)|kingdoms]] like

...so show that maternal diet in pregnancy, particularly one which is high in protein and low in carbohydrates, results in an overactive HPA axis and increased c

...B. Parental counseling compared with elimination of cow's milk or soy milk protein for the treatment of infant colic syndrome: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. ...ucts, the allergens are excreted in breast milk, and the baby ingests cows protein by proxy, as it were. This situation may require that the mother stop eatin

...in relation to protein requirements, and the evolutionary implications of protein requirements will be considered in relation to the major nutritional transi ...ickle cell disease]], a disease of [[hemoglobin]], the [[oxygen]]-carrying protein in [[red blood cell]]s, originates from regions where [[malaria]] is preval

...roteins including growth factors, phase 2 and antioxidant [[enzyme]]s, and protein [[chaperone]]s. A better understanding of hormesis mechanisms at the cellul ...in bacteria that is accompanied by the induction of many proteins. De novo protein synthesis is required for adaptive response to oxidative and other types of

...teria]], Green sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria [[NADH]] is formed using the protein [[ferredoxin]], an energetically favorable reaction. In purple bacteria [[

* In the chloroplast's thylakoid membranes, electrons in a pigment-protein complex, called photosystem II (PS-II), excited by PS-II-captured photons,

...nals.org/cgi/content/full/126/2/133}}</ref> The levels of factor VII and [[Protein C]] fall the fastest after warfarin is started.<ref name="pmid9005747"/> Wi

...genome of ''A. niger'' CBS 513.88 is 33.9-megabased with a total of 14,165 protein-coding genes. The assembled genome sequence expresses 468 DNA contigs, a se

...B. Parental counseling compared with elimination of cow's milk or soy milk protein for the treatment of infant colic syndrome: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. ...ucts, the allergens are excreted in breast milk, and the baby ingests cows protein by proxy, as it were. This situation may require that the mother stop eatin

...s, the signal molecule binds to a membrane bound transcriptional activator protein encoded by the luxR gene. The luxR and luxI products form a transcriptiona

...ering image at [[Bolognese sauce]]. So now that he's had his high-carb and protein breakfast, he can get down to work.[[User:Hayford Peirce|Hayford Peirce]] 1

[[Hemoglobin]] is the pigmented protein in blood that carries [[oxygen]]; reductions in blood [[hemoglobin]] concen

# [[Protein]] [[cross-linking]] can largely be reversed by [[medication|drugs]] that br ...here will be better [[DNA repair]] when damage occurs. All mitochondrial [[protein]]s would then be imported into the mitochondria.

* 10% for [[factor V Leiden]] R506Q (Activated Protein C Resistance) via G1691A mutation

...s, was also identified as more important than hypertension or [[C-reactive protein]] level in predicting coronary events.<ref name="pmid19095133">{{cite journ

* required for the maintenance of the most abundant protein in the body, [[Collagen]] is the most abundant [[protein]] in the human body. The key enzyme in collagen synthesis is [[prolyl-4-hyd

...science|colloidal]] ''[[Water|aqueous]]'' solutions bounded by [[lipid]]-[[protein]]-[[carbohydrate]] membranes (see [[Cell (biology)|Cell]]). Each pool can h ...sequences of smaller organic molecules. Organic macromolecules include [[protein]]s (sequences of amino acids), [[lipid]]s, [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nuclei

*In the presence of deficiencies of iron, calcium, zinc, copper, and protein, lead absorption will increase.

...irreducible complexity: the bacterial flagella, the blood clotting system, protein transport within the cell, the immune system and the metabolic pathway used

*[http://cryptome.org/smallpox-wmd.htm Smallpox knows how to make a mouse protein. How did smallpox learn that?] ''The New Yorker'' July 12, 1999, p44-61. 'T

*'''Inhibition of:''' glucose production from the intermediaries of fat and protein metabolism, [[gluconeogenesis]].

...efit to human hosts, such as ''Lactobacillus'' species, which convert milk protein to lactic acid in the gut. The presence of such bacterial colonies also in

...r=Auriol E ''et al.'' |title=Specific binding of the methyl binding domain protein 2 at the ''BRCA1-NBR2'' locus |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=33 | ...g [[trastuzumab]] (Herceptin), a [[monoclonal antibody]] that targets this protein. [[Trastuzumab]] may be used both in the postsurgical setting (so-called "

Variations in the GRIK4 ([[glutamate]] receptor, ionotropic, kainate 4 protein) and HTR2A ([[serotonin|5-hydroxytryptamine]] receptor) genes predict respo

* [[Protein C]]

*A [[protein]] interaction network associated with [[asthma]]

*[http://cryptome.org/smallpox-wmd.htm Smallpox knows how to make a mouse protein. How did smallpox learn that?] ''The New Yorker'' July 12, 1999, p44-61. 'T

...rform a wide range of biological roles for injection of both [[DNA]] and [[protein]] into diverse target [[cell (biology)|cells]], including [[bacteria]], [[y

...s the growth of three-dimensional human body-like tissues and that unusual protein crystals can be formed in space, NASA has indicated a desire to investigate

...omes predominantly catabolic, that is, the baby is not building up its own protein and tissues, but breaking them down through the action of the stress hormon

...thin the scope of the relevant workgroup (allowing for duplications, e.g.[[Protein]] to be listed in both [[CZ:Core Articles/Biology]] and [[CZ:Core Articles/

...ent calcium oxalate stones and hypercalciuria, restricted intake of animal protein and salt, combined with a normal calcium intake, provides greater protectio

There a several [[opioid receptor]]s. All are G-protein-coupled [[cell surface receptor]]s. Clinically useful analgesic families va

...t.htm</ref> These include blood and blood products, vaccines, allergenics, protein-based therapeutic agents, cell and tissue-based products, and gene therapy

...orosis''' is "reduction of bone mass without alteration in the mineral and protein composition of bone, leading to fractures."<ref name="title">{{cite web |ur

...al]] [[micrograph]] from [[mouse]] cerebellum expressing green-fluorescent protein in [[Purkinje cells]]]]

....<ref>[http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/167/5/945 The neuronal scaffold protein Shank3 mediates signaling and biological function of the receptor tyrosine

*Li L, Lindquist S (2000) Creating a protein- based element of inheritance. Science 287: 661–664.

...title=Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 360 | iss

...title=Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 360 | iss

SGLT2 inhibitors (Gliflozin) inhibit renal sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2)leading reduced reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. Examples in