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...uered Spain by 711.<ref name=SephardimJakub/> [[Charles Martel]] stopped Muslim expansion into what is now [[France]] at the [[Battle or Tours]], in 713. Spain's muslim rulers had been relatively tolerant of jewish people.<ref name=SephardimJak

...he President, Vice President and General Secretary of the [[Association of Muslim Social Scientists]]. ...Because of the larger [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]]-induced fear amongst Muslim intellectuals in the U.S. today, Khan and his policywalla pals seem to have

...Studies and Founding Director of the Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, [[Georgetown University]]; editor-in-chief of the

...[human rights]] organisation [[Amnesty International]] - the first [[Islam|Muslim]], and the first [[Asia]]n person, to occupy the role.

...rsian dialect which uses Mongol words. Their religion is principally Shi'a Muslim, but they do include Sunni.

...ome imbued with [[Hindu]] [[fundamentalism]], resulting in riots against [[Muslim]]s, which some have referred to as [[genocide]].<ref>http://www.thehindu.co

{{r|Muslim Public Affairs Council}}

...correctly applied to immigrants from Muslim-majority countries who are not Muslim-identified. The term Arab American, or, as a more specific example, Lebanes Muslim Americans have been slow to form a political bloc, although they actually o

...extent, neighbouring [[Turkic language]]s. Tajiks are almost exclusively [[Muslim]], mostly [[Sunni]] but with some [[Shia]].

...quer]], and before that [[Home Secretary]]. In each case, he was the first Muslim to hold the post and was succeeded by the first Hindu to do so. He was the

...to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. </blockquote>

*Muslim sexual ethics

...in special privileges for themselves, shut down criticism of Islam, create Muslim-only zones, and deprive women and non-Muslims of their full civil rights. ...y bathing at a municipal swimming pool in France or use taxpayer funds for Muslim women-only swimming times in Washington State.

In one common usage it designates five geographically adjacent predominantly Muslim former Soviet republics &mdash; [[Kazakhstan]], Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, ...ous, but it is nearby and is another former Soviet republic that is mainly Muslim so some <ref name=NGG-1>{{citation

'''Andalusia''' (Muslim Iberia) was the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] name for the portion of the Iber

...a ZERO rating from the [[American Conservative Union]]. <u>He is the only Muslim member of Congress.</u> He supports the [[Council on American Islamic Relat ...Tea party's Judson Phillips defends essay attacking congressman for being Muslim

It is frequently cited by groups that urge strong action against Muslim groups in the U.S. and abroad. The group tends to regard security as more | title = JCPA Approves Effort To Build Dialogue With Muslim Groups

...an also is an area of conflict between Radical Islam and secular, although Muslim-dominated, government.

...for Strategic and International Studies]] (CSIS). He was born to an Indian Muslim family in [[Tanzania]]. Born [[Shi’a]], he has been an imam in the [[Sun *Bachelor of Arts (BA), Aligarh Muslim University (in Islamic Studies) in Aligarh, India

...as ''Isa ibn Maryam'' (English: Jesus son of Mary), a [[matronymic]]. In Muslim traditions, Jesus lived a perfect life of nonviolence, showing kindness to ...094.html#8 "The Lost Tribes of Israel: The Travels of Jesus"], [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]], Accessed March 16, 2006.</ref> Mainstream Muslims, however, co

...o its webpage, the '''Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR)''' is a Muslim American civil liberties and advocacy group. CAIR’s vision is to promote It is a member of the American Muslim Task Force on Civil Rights and Elections. CAIR works in close cooperation w

...Islam prohibits the use of instruments except for some basic percussion. Muslim a cappella songs are known as [[nasheed]]s. [[Sacred Harp]], a type of reli

...mostly women and children — and injuring 200. The bomb failed to kill the Muslim cleric. Supporters of the cleric strung a giant “MADE IN USA” banner ac

==Muslim Brotherhood== ...e. I’d rather not talk about this and I do not want to get involved in the Muslim Brotherhood issue after the [new] guide has been elected.” <ref name=AAA

'''Mazen Asbahi''', an attorney, was briefly the Muslim American Outreach coordinator for the Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2 | title = Obama's Muslim coordinator out: Resignation spotlights struggle to woo Islamic voters

* [http://www.quranichealing.com/bp.asp?caid=65 Death & Dying in Islam] Muslim attitudes towards death

...tate, including [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]]. He was the first [[Muslim American]] elected to Congress. In 2008, the [[American Conservative Union] ==Muslim American issues==

...Press. p. 140. ISBN 9781780930312.</ref><ref>Glick, Thomas F. (1995). From Muslim fortress to Christian castle : social and cultural change in medieval Spain

...Egypt's President Morsi]'. 3rd July 2013.</ref> He was the Chairman of the Muslim Brotherhood's Arab Spring/Catalogs#Freedom and Justice Party|Freedom and Ju

...pe. The majority of its people are ethnically [[Turkic]] and religiously [[Muslim]].

...t of British India. In 1947, West Pakistan and East Bengal (both primarily Muslim) separated from India (largely Hindu) and jointly became the new country of

...hoped that an Israeli response would split the coalition by alienating its Muslim-majority countries. However, the provocation failed as the Israelis did not

During a period of muslim expansion muslims had wrested control of what is now [[Spain]], and tried t

...ue sense. And, following a long held Muslim tradition, and along with most Muslim historians, Ibn Khaldun agreed that facts depended on the authorities who h * Humphreys, R.S., (1985), "Muslim Historiography," in ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages,'' vol 6, pp 250-5.

...05). He and Bruce Lawrence are co-editors of the Islamic Civilization and Muslim Networks Series at the University of North Carolina Press. He is a speciali ...e study of [[Islam]] and [[Sufism]]. His current research projects include Muslim interpretations of Indian religions, the literary interpretation of the Qur

...inctive ethnic music, dance, and cuisine. Most Tatars are traditionally [[Muslim]], although some Tatars in [[Kazan]], the capital of Tatarstan, are [[Russi

...ion of Islamic Cooperation] an association of 57 states, created to defend Muslim interests. [http://www.ikhwanweb.com/ The Muslim Brotherhood - official English website]

In 1527, Falatehan, an Ulama from Demak Muslim Kingdom occupied the Sunda Kelapa. On June 22, 1527, he changed the name of

...s a plural noun, however, meaning "holy warriors", it gained currency with Muslim movements in 18th century India.

...has been affiliated, since establishing its constitution in 1999, with the Muslim American Society (MAS), Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) and North ...h which Dar al-Hijrah is affiliated, is a U.S. group, founded in 1992, has Muslim Brotherhood members among its founders. <ref name=WaPo2004-09-12>{{citation

...elf, to follow the doctrine of submission to [[Allah]]; a translation of [[Muslim]] is "one who submits to God". ...one involved in armed jihad. It may be limited in scope to reestablishing Muslim rule (e.g., the [[Caliphate]] of Sunni Islam), or go beyond, into the inter

...established themselves during the Islamic period in [[South Asia]] as a [[Muslim]] ruling class and were valued warriors.

...are developing programs of political and economic reform to transform the Muslim world." * Islam, Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World (Hillel Fradkin)

...a cooperative coalition, the largest opposition party being the [[Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz]] (PML-N). President [[Asif Ali Zardari]], the widower of [[Be ...e the security forces as "positive". The main opposition party, [[Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaf]] (PML-N), would not agree to the resolution.<ref name=TOI2009

...ms]] have a requirement for five daily prayers, signified in predominantly Muslim areas with a [[call to prayer]] that is amplified or broadcast.

...ad caused. Khomeini responds by reiterating that "it is incumbent on every Muslim to employ everything he has, his life and his wealth, to send [Rushdie] to ...ulation where the book remains legal is Turkey. Several nations with large Muslim minorities, including Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzani

...cted to the [[United States Congress]], in 2018, she was then the second [[muslim]] women to serve in Congress. She represents [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minn [[Sarah Gad]], another muslim woman, announced she would compete with Omar in the next [[Democratic Part

He has reported on studies that suggest the Muslim Brotherhood is a threat to the U.S. <ref>{{citation | title = U.S. Muslim Brotherhood Groups Called "Threat Organization" in DOD Memo

A Moderate Muslim Summit, held in July 2009, had a diverse group of Muslims meet from the St ...ndation]] had shown ties between CAIR and the Palestinian Committee of the Muslim Brotherhood, which helped the Foundation raise funds that went to [[Hamas]]

...isgraced senior [[Metropolitan Police]] officer. Dizaei is an Iranian-born Muslim with dual British and Iranian nationality. On Februrary 8, 2010, Dizaei was

...ngh]] signed an agreement to accede to India. This decision provoked the [[Muslim]]-majority [[Kashmir]]i population to rebel. This signaled the beginning of

...er the Druze to be another religion, although Druze themselves claim to be Muslim. Due to their history of persecution, the Druze are extremely secretive abo

Certain interest groups raise the specter of any Muslim presence, and definitely any Islamist thinking whether legal or violent, as ...o do not conform to prevailing culture, and the immigrants are principally Muslim. In this model, the immigrants were originally seen as guest workers who ha

...nited Arab Emirates]]. All six states are autocracies ruled by [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] royal families aided by consultative councils and weak parliaments; none

{{r|Muslim conquests}}

...idents.</ref>, of which 75.8 percent are [[Jew|Jews]] and 19.9 percent are Muslim and Christian Arabs.<ref>CBS Israel: http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/newhodao

...ithmetic, geometry, logic, natural sciences and astronomy. He also studied Muslim jurisprudence, philosophy and the [[Almagest]]. .../ Ibn Sina (Avicenna) - doctor of doctors]. Article originally appeared in Muslim Technologist, November 1990.

...llah broadcast the following message on Iranian radio: "I inform the proud Muslim people of the world that the author of the Satanic Verses book, which is ag ...tagonists, Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha, are both actors of Indian Muslim background. Farishta is a [[Bollywood]] superstar who specializes in playin

...He is, however, widely used as a reference by groups that see an overall Muslim threat and are also critical of the American political left, such as Frontp | title = The Muslim Public Affairs Council's War on Steve Emerson

...n the Winter Olympic Games, people marveled that here Orthodox Serbian and Muslim, Catholic and Jews lived and worked side by side peacefully in a unique atm

...ges]], like the Galician-Portuguese languages, as Christian rule displaced muslim rule..]]

...er that day. It was alleged that they were planning to kidnap and behead a Muslim soldier in the British armed forces - possibly an African soldier from the

#Individuals/entities who are and/or were members of the US Muslim Brotherhood's Palestine Committee and/or its organizations ...who are and/or were members of the Palestine Section of the International Muslim Brotherhood

...arch-8-2020-1.5482636/exile-addiction-and-racism-what-it-means-to-be-a-gay-muslim-immigrant-1.5486687|access-date=2020-11-19}}</ref> ...ical commentary on both the East and West, from the vantage point of a gay Muslim immigrant.

...al-Qaeda. The other founder was also Egyptian, Sayyid Qutb, editor of the Muslim Brotherhood journal, who was hanged in 1966 for subversive activities again

*[http://www.thebahaitruth.com The Baha'i Truth] A Muslim anti-Baha'i site by Mohammed Alam Qurayshi.

About fifteen percent of the Muslims today are Shiites. The Muslim population of some countries, such as Iran, are predominantly Shi'a, althou ! Percentage Muslim

...d upon the demographic that nearly all Arain are, and have been, [[Sunni]] Muslim, as were the early Arabs of [[Muhammad bin Qasim]]'s expedition<ref>"The st ...htiaq Ahmed, Daily Times, Pakistan, 18/04/2006.</ref>, and the majority of Muslim agricultural tribes are certainly converts to Islam<ref>"...a number of oth

...ollowers of traditional beliefs; but the people of Zanzibar are almost all Muslim.

...But when I get on a plane, I got to tell you, if I see people who are in [[Muslim]] garb and I think, you know, they're identifying themselves first and fore |title=NPR Ends Williams' Contract After Muslim Remarks |accessdate=2010-10-22 |author=David Folkenflik}}</ref>

...me/world/article/0,8599,2091744,00.html Christophe Ayad: ''"We Are Simply Muslim": Libyan Rebel Chief Denies Al-Qaeda Ties'', Time, 4 September 2011]</ref>. Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood's political wing, the [http://www.fjponline.com/ Freedom and Ju

...ted map shows the southward growth of Catalan, as Christian rule displaced muslim rule, and the subsequent displacement of Catalan, and other Iberian languag

...6,773. The religious makeup of these inhabitants was 70.0% Christian, 1.3% Muslim, and 2.0% other, while the rest either had no religion or chose not to disc

...rk City]]. He is Amir (leader) of the diwan (executive committee) of the [[Muslim Alliance in North America]]. ...gularly accused of terrorist ties in conservative media, and was the first Muslim cleric, in 1991, to address the [[U.S. House of Representatives]]. After g

...uccessful at creating a direct sea route from Europe to India that avoided Muslim lands, he was unable to establish commercial ties with India. ...ant to loose their monopoly on the spice trade; as a result on 17 December Muslim forces attacked the post, killing 50 Portuguese. In retaliation, Cabral sei

Eighty-eight percent of Uzbekistan's 27 million citizens are [[Muslim]]s, and the majority ethnic group is the [[Uzbek people]], a [[Turkic]] gro

...mine the Turkish government, which is a "secular alternative model for the Muslim world. I hate this vote. The United States has a great deal at stake in the

...y, Mosul became the principal city of northern Mesopotamia under the early Muslim Abbasid dynasty. In the Ottoman period it was one of the provincial seats o

...which is also called, in order to avoid confusion with the whole state, ''Muslim-Croat Federation'' or ''Bosniak-Croat Federation''. It lies in the center a

...e Battle of Lepanto'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Victory-West-Christian-muslim-Battle-Lepanto/dp/0306816180/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207050382

...the only [[United Kingdom | British]] [[hereditary title]] created for a [[Muslim]] (other Muslims with hereditary titles such as [[Baron Headley]] have been Currimbhoy Ebrahim, an Indian [[Muslim]], was born an [[Ismaili]] [[Dawoodi]] [[Bohra]]<ref name = "hong">Page 423

{{r|Muslim American}}

...t of justice....Chinese, Indonesian, African and any other ethnic group of Muslim jurists have all been trained in the same way by the same teachers so there

...ng Shah Jahan and means ''Chosen one of the Palace'' in Persian. She was a Muslim, of Persian decent and daughter to Abdul Hasan Asaf, a high ranking noble i

*[[Muslim Public Affairs Council]]

...xecuted [[Sayyim Qutb]] in 1966, who had been editor of the journal of the Muslim Brotherhood. Qutb was one of the spiritual mentors of what became al-Qaeda. In November, there was Muslim-on-Muslim violence with the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca. French security for

...of [[Romance languages]], like the Aragonese, as Christian rule displaced muslim rule..]]

...War for Morocco: Gunpowder and the Military Revolution in the Early Modern Muslim World,'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/read/26181122 online edition]

He returned to the United States in 1985, married an 18-year-old American Muslim through an arranged marriage, and graduated from USL in 1986. "El Hage and

..., Angeliki E. ed. ''The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World'' (2001) [http://www.doaks.org/CRcnts.html online edition] ...ki E. Laiou, ed. ''The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World'' (2001); major overview of scholarship [http://www.doaks.org/Crusade

...ashmir. It seeks restoration of Islamic rule over of India, and a union of Muslim majority regions in the area, including Chechnya and Central Asia.<ref name

...ee speech, the University of California at Santa Barbara has suspended the Muslim Student Union for repeated interruptions of a campus speech, by Israeli Amb

...ons, with an interim military regime taking over. Following elections, the Muslim Brotherhood led by Islamist Mohammed Morsi was installed to power, however ...slamist parties winning about two-thirds of seats, of which half go to the Muslim Brotherhood. Mohamed Morsi, who won the final presidential election on 30 J

...r participates in the [[Palestinian Authority]]. Its leaders came from the Muslim Brotherhood, but they split from it in the 1970s, believing it was too mode

...murder, though different states have different ideas of seriousness: some Muslim states have capital punishment for apostasy or homosexual behaviour, for ex

...des who is innocent" must be relentlessly exposed as cruel, inhumane, anti-Muslim and against Sunni traditions of argument about what constitutes a just war

...y Moorish Arab identity. The population is primarily Berber Arab and Sunni Muslim.

...ok Muhammad to live with her family as a nomad in the desert. According to Muslim tradition, it was during this stay with his Bedouin family that an extraord ...r of Muhammad to see if what was said of him was really true. According to Muslim accounts, another Christian monk (a certain Nestorius) also recognized Muha

...?ie=UTF8&p=S00F#reader-link ''The Victory of the West: The Great Christian-Muslim Clash at the Battle of Lepanto'' (2007) ch. 1]</ref> ...nd colonization of the globe. The Ottoman Empire, still by far the leading Muslim power, fell further and further behind.

...c and foreign policy (examples include diplomatic meetings with leaders of Muslim countries, and rather strangely the successful Navy sniper mission to rescu