Lead/Related Articles
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
< Lead
- See also changes related to Lead, or pages that link to Lead or to this page or whose text contains "Lead".
Parent topics
- Chemistry [r]: The science of matter, or of the electrical or electrostatical interactions of matter. [e]
- Chemical elements [r]: In one sense, refers to species or types of atoms, each species/type distinguished by the number of protons in the nuclei of the atoms belonging to the species/type, each species/type having a unique number of nuclear protons; in another sense, refers to substances, or pieces of matter, each composed of multiple atoms solely of a single species/type. [e]
- Periodic Table of Elements [r]: A tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. [e]
- Heavy metal [r]: A member of an ill-defined subset of elements that exhibit metallic properties with relatively high atomic mass and density, some of which includes the transition metals, metalloids, lanthanides, and actinides. [e]
Subtopics
- Atom (science) [r]: The defining unit of chemical elements. [e]
- Atomic electron configuration [r]: A specification of the occupation of an atom's electron orbitals by electrons. [e]
- Atomic mass [r]: The mass of an atom expressed in unified atomic mass units (u) and formerly known as atomic weight. [e]
- Atomic number [r]: The number of protons in the nucleus of a single atom of a chemical element. [e]
- Atomic radius [r]: A measure of the size of an atom, usually the distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. [e]
- Catalog of magnetic nuclei [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Chemical thermodynamics [r]: The study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. [e]
- Density (chemistry) [r]: A measure of the mass per unit volume of a gas, liquid or solid. [e]
- Electron configuration [r]: The arrangement of electrons of an atom, a molecule, or other physical structure, distributed in the orbitals of the given system. [e]
- Half-life [r]: The amount of time needed for one half of any reactant subject to first-order decomposition to decay. [e]
- Isotope [r]: An atom of a chemical element with a specific number of neutrons and hence a specific nuclear mass, such as carbon-14 (14C). [e]
- Nuclear reactions [r]: The process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide to produce products different from the initial particles. [e]
- Oxidation state [r]: A measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance. [e]
- Radiation chemistry [r]: A subdivision of nuclear chemistry, which is the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter. [e]
- Radiochemistry [r]: The chemistry of radioactive materials [e]
- Radiographic equipment [r]: Equipment used for radiographic work, both medical and industrial. [e]
- Refineries [r]: Industrial manufacturing facilities composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations used for the conversion certain raw materials such as petroleum crude oil, mined ores, sugar or salt into finished products of value or for the refining and purification of partially converted raw materials into finished products. [e]
- Aluminium [r]: The third most abundant metal on Earth, [e]
- Anemia [r]: A condition characterized by insufficient circulating and effective hemoglobin in blood to support normal physiology. [e]
- Argon [r]: A chemical element with atomic number 18. It is an inert gas in group 18 of the modern periodic table. [e]
- Arsenic [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol As, and atomic number (the number of protons) 33. [e]
- Astatine [r]: A chemical element having the chemical symbol At and an atomic number (the number of protons) of 85. [e]
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [r]: Behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. [e]
- Automobile [r]: A wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine; usually four-wheeled but is designed to stand stably without human intervention [e]
- Beryllium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Be, and atomic number (the number of protons) 4. [e]
- Boron [r]: A rare chemical element (atomic number = 5) present in 0.0003% of the earth's crust, mostly as borax and kernite. [e]
- Boston, Lincolnshire [r]: Port in Lincolnshire on the East coast of England. [e]
- Bromine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Br, and atomic number (the number of protons) 35. [e]
- Cadmium [r]: A chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. [e]
- Calcium [r]: The chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. [e]
- Carbon [r]: Fourth most abundant chemical element in the Universe, with atomic number Z=6. [e]
- Chernobyl Disaster [r]: A nuclear reactor accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, in 1986, considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and the only level 7 instance on the International Nuclear Event Scale. [e]
- Chlorine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Cl, and atomic number (the number of protons) 17. [e]
- Chromium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Cr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 24. [e]
- Cobalt [r]: A hard, lustrous, grey metal, a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. [e]
- Copper [r]: A transition metal chemical element. [e]
- Crystal [r]: A solid in which the constituent atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern. [e]
- Deuterium [r]: An isotope of the chemical element hydrogen containing one proton and one neutron. [e]
- Digital object identifier [r]: Unique label for a computer readable object that can be found on the internet, usually used in academic journals. [e]
- Enlightenment [r]: In religion, the point at which an aspirant breaks through the barrier of temporal existence and has a direct experience of God. In history, the enlightenment was a philosophical movement of the 18th century that advocated the use of reason as the basis for belief. [e]
- Fishing sinker [r]: A fishing sinker or plummet is a weight used to increase the rate of sink, anchoring ability, and/or casting distance of fishing bait, fishing lures, or fishing nets. [e]
- Flue gas stack [r]: A vertical pipe, channel or chimney (also referred to as a smokestack) through which combustion product gases (flue gases) are exhausted to the atmosphere. Includes the draft (draught) effect of hot gases flowing through tall stacks (chimneys). [e]
- Fluorine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol F, and atomic number (the number of protons) 9. [e]
- Gallium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ga, and atomic number (the number of protons) 31. [e]
- Germanium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ge, and atomic number (the number of protons) 32. [e]
- Gold [r]: Chemical element 79, symbol Au, a lustrous corrosion-resistant precious metal used for money, electronics and jewelry. [e]
- Helium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol He, and atomic number (the number of protons) 2. [e]
- Hydrogen [r]: The most abundant and lightest chemical element which has atomic number Z = 1 and chemical symbol H. [e]
- Iodine [r]: A halogen and chemical element that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. [e]
- Iridium [r]: A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal and chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. [e]
- Iron [r]: An important transition metal and chemical element with the symbol Fe (Latin: ferrum) and atomic number 26. [e]
- Krypton [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Li, and atomic number (the number of protons) 3. [e]
- Led Zeppelin [r]: Famous and influential English hard rock and blues group formed in 1968, known for their albums Led Zeppelin IV and Physical Graffiti, and songs 'Stairway to Heaven' and 'Whole Lotta Love'. [e]
- Leidenfrost effect [r]: Hovering, dancing movement of a liquid on a hot surface, such as water drops on a hot skillet. [e]
- Lithium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Li, and atomic number (the number of protons) 3. [e]
- Macromolecular chemistry [r]: The study of the physical, biological and chemical structure, properties, composition, and reaction mechanisms of macromolecules. [e]
- Magnesium [r]: The metallic element that has atomic number 12 and belongs to alkaline earth metal group. [e]
- Manganese [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Mn, and atomic number (the number of protons) 25. [e]
- Molybdenum [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Mo, and atomic number (the number of protons) 42. [e]
- NMR spectroscopy [r]: The use of electromagnetic radiation, in the presence of a magnetic field, to obtain information regarding transitions between different nuclear spin states of the nuclei present in the sample of interest. [e]
- National Ambient Air Quality Standards [r]: Concentration limits set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for outdoor ambient air pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. [e]
- Neon [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ne, and atomic number (the number of protons) 10. [e]
- Neptunium [r]: A synthetic element, having the chemical symbol Np, and atomic number (the number of protons) 93. [e]
- Nickel [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ni, and atomic number (the number of protons) 28. [e]
- Niobium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Nb, and atomic number (the number of protons) 41. [e]
- Nitrogen [r]: A chemical element, symbolized by N, with an atomic number of 7; the most abundant element in the atmosphere of the Earth. [e]
- Oxygen [r]: A chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. [e]
- Painting [r]: Art consisting of representational, imaginative, or abstract designs produced by application of coloured paints or pigments to a two-dimensional, prepared, surface. [e]
- Phosphorus [r]: Chemical element (Z=15) vital to life and widely used in fertilizers, detergents and pesticides. [e]
- Pollutant [r]: Any substance introduced into the environment that adversely affects the usefulness of a natural resource or the health of humans, animals, or ecosystems. [e]
- Polonium [r]: A rare and highly unstable radioactive metalloid with the symbol Po and atomic number 84. [e]
- Potassium [r]: A very reactive, silvery white alkali metal, chemical element 19 with symbol K. [e]
- Reformation [r]: The major religious revolution in Western Europe in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other Protestants. [e]
- Roman Empire [r]: The period from the ascension of Augustus Caesar to the fall of the Empire. [e]
- Rubidium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Rb, and atomic number (the number of protons) 37. [e]
- Scandium [r]: A silvery-white metallic transition metal, with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. [e]
- Scarborough Castle [r]: Ruined stone castle on the east coast of Yorkshire, England, begun in mid-twelfth century. [e]
- Selenium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Se, and atomic number (the number of protons) 34. [e]
- Silicon [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Si, and atomic number (the number of protons) 14. [e]
- Silver [r]: A metallic element with the periodic symbol Ag; a precious metal. [e]
- Sodium [r]: A soft, silvery white, highly reactive element which has the symbol Na and atomic number 11. [e]
- Strontium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Sr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 38. [e]
- Sulfur [r]: A yellowish crystalline chemical element with the symbol S and the atomic number of 16. [e]
- Technetium [r]: A synthetic element, having the chemical symbol Tc, and atomic number (the number of protons) 43. [e]
- Tetraethyl lead [r]: A liquid with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)4Pb, once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) to increase the octane rating of gasoline (petrol). [e]
- Titanium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Ti, and atomic number (the number of protons) 22.; engineering applications as a lightweight and strong metal [e]
- Tobacco [r]: A plant genus of the family solanaceae. Members contain nicotine and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for smoking. [e]
- Unobtanium [r]: A supposed element created by colfrission with phlogiston while suspended in the ether, according to undiscovered alchemical documents supposedly in a cave in France. [e]
- Uranium [r]: A silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. [e]
- Vanadium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol V, and atomic number (the number of protons) 23. [e]
- Virginia [r]: A state in the southeastern United States. [e]
- Wine [r]: Alcoholic drink made by fermented grapes [e]
- Yttrium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Y, and atomic number (the number of protons) 39. [e]
- Zinc [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Zn, and atomic number (the number of protons) 30. [e]
- Zirconium [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Zr, and atomic number (the number of protons) 40. [e]
