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In the thirteenth century the [[Muslim]] armies retook [[Jerusalem]] and the [[Crusades|Crusaders]] retreated from

...41| title = The Mughal Waterfront Garden. Gardens in the Time of the Great Muslim Empires: Theory and Design | accessdate = 2007-02-13 | author =Petruccioli,

...the end of the fighting in Europe, there was intense polarization between Muslim and colonial interests, leading to more marches and violence, spreading int

...Muslims proceeded further north. Thus were initiated the two centuries of Muslim rule in the Iberian peninsula which became known as the "Golden Age" of Sep ...Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula]]; [[Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula]]

...; this is especially problematic for Islam both in terms of Muslim and non-Muslim societies, as well as conflicts such as Sunni-Shi'a. Africa has the problem Some Muslim societies, such as Saudi Arabia, did not have a significant middle class. A

At the end of War War I, the Muslim [[Ottoman Empire]], which had been in control of Palestine, and indeed much

At the end of War War I, the Muslim [[Ottoman Empire]], which had been in control of Palestine, and indeed much

...ed–– indeed, which was heading in the opposite direction under the lure of Muslim fundamentalism of the sort that had toppled the Shah in next–door Iran. D ...located on the southern border that might cause future trouble inside the Muslim parts of the USSR.<ref>David N. Gibbs, "Reassessing Soviet Motives for Inva

...n refugee camps in southwestern Algeria. Almost all Sahrawis are [[Sunni]] Muslim and speak Hassaniya [[Arabic]] and Moroccan Arabic dialects.

| title = Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil Nadu By 1940s, Periyar supported [[Muslim League]]'s claim for a separate Pakistan, and expected its support in retur

...h Yemen were established, most resident minority groups departed. Most are Muslim, divided into:

...tegic tension, potentially involving [[weapons of mass destruction]], with Muslim but non-Arab Iran. While Israel maintains a policy of [[strategic ambiguit At the end of War War I, the Muslim [[Ottoman Empire]], which had been in control of Palestine, and indeed much

...ted to be, in 2001, Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7%. The official languages are [[Kiny

...l Nawash}} member, [[Committee for the Present Danger]]; President, [[Free Muslim Coalition Against Terrorism]]

...to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. </blockquote>

...ions and emphasizes role of Islam<ref> Kenneth W. Frank, "Pirenne Again: A Muslim Viewpoint," ''The History Teacher,'' Vol. 26, No. 3 (May, 1993), pp. 371-38 *[[Maria Luisa Ávila]]-Muslim Spain, Women

- Muslim Brotherhood -

...opposition went far enough that it has been described as "Islamist": the [[Muslim Association of Britain]] - a Stop the War Coalition member - is not widely

As'salām Alaikam (Muslim)

...bout [[Jesus Christ]], on the streets of [[Wagah]], Pakistan in front of a Muslim [[Mosque]].<ref name="YouTube" />

*2014 Meriam Yehya Ibrahim Ishag, born to a Muslim father but brought up as a Christian by her mother, sentenced to death in S

* [[Muslim Alliance in North America/Definition]] * [[Muslim American/Definition]]

...vement or membership in any Islamic extremist organization, to include the Muslim Brotherhood and the Council of Shura (sic). ...lvement or membership in any Islamic extremist organization, including the Muslim Brotherhood and the Council of Shura. The detainee denies any knowledge of

...hese ideals. JVP opposes [[antisemitism|anti-Jewish]], [[Islamophobia|anti-Muslim]], and anti-Arab bigotry and oppression. JVP seeks an end to the Israeli o

...India which has successfully crossed some barriers between [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] blocks.<ref name=Lipner />

...ive to Muslims. How did you intend this? As I think you know, I am not a Muslim."

...n, law, and social custom are inseparable in Saudi Arabia. The Shar'ia, or Muslim law, is the final authority. While the heads of state and government are no

...who have interviewed him, Osama bin Laden appears to be a genuinely pious Muslim; a devoted family man; a talented, focused and patient insurgent commander; ...the "Zionist-Crusader Alliance". He had envisioned a broad international Muslim force since the mid-1980s, as he brought the Afghan Arabs to Afghanistan.<r

...etween two Manchurian candidates, the Vietnam Manchurian candidate and the Muslim Manchurian candidate." at [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=The_Manchur

The Muslim [[Arab]]s gained control of Palestine in the seventh century. Their success ...opeans prepared for the long hard march to fight the Seljuks and the other Muslim forces.

...s. Relatively few Muslims participated until 1880.<ref> M. M. M. Mahroof, "Muslim Education in Ceylon 1780-1880: A Struggle Between Derived and Imposed Ideas ===Muslim society===

Chinese, Muslim, Indian and Christian traditions of learning emphasize that God determined ...f society. His work was largely ignored in the Muslim world. Otherwise the Muslim, Chinese and Indian intellectuals held fast to a religious traditionalism,

...nds were called Averroisms, from [[Averroës]] the Latin name for the great Muslim philosopher Abul-Walid ibn Rusd of Cordoba, whose teaching was being corrup

Some critics of Christianity, especially Jewish and Muslim critics, have argued that the Christian doctrine of the [[Christian Trinity

...ancial, military, and political center of the turn-of-the-21st-century non-Muslim world; rather, such identification is tacitly assumed, as was shown by the Bush stated numerous times that Americans respected the Muslim religion but he promised to systematically destroy terrorists--to hunt them

* [[Muslim Alliance in North America/Related Articles]] * [[Muslim American/Related Articles]]

...back through [[Jesus]] to [[Moses]] to [[Abraham]], often called the first Muslim. Muslims consider all three men to have been messengers of God. Thus, Islam ...in Arabic and refers to the submission of one's will to the will of God. "Muslim" means "one who submits" in Arabic. Thus, Muslims believe that Jesus, Moses

...ructures in the country currently ascribed to Muslim sultans, pre-date the Muslim occupation of India and have a [[Hindu]] origin.<ref name="oak">{{cite web| ...ious endowment in Islam, typically devoting a building or plot of land for Muslim religious or charitable purposes). This would have taken legal ownership of

...necessarily anti-modern, but opposed to what they see as a distinctly non-Muslim lifestyle. Ironically, however, it is useful to think of it them in terms ...is certainly strongly Islamist, wants a return of the Caliphate, and seeks Muslim unity, as in Michael Scheuer's analysis of Abu Jandal, <ref name=Scheuer-J

...a member of [[Francisco de Almeida]]'s expedition whose goal was to break Muslim control of trade in the Indian Ocean and established the Portuguese viceroy

Elements of a modern scientific method are found in [[early Muslim philosophy]], in particular, using experiments to distinguish between compe ...orking under the tuition of Grosseteste, was inspired by the writings of [[Muslim]] scientists (particularly Alhazen) who had preserved and built upon [[Aris

...ton, D.C.; To support the Center on Islam, Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World 225,000; To support a visiting fellowship 100,000

...e of the known world. Farming manuals were produced in every corner of the Muslim world detailing where, when and how to plant and grow various crops. Advanc ...be taken later to the Spanish colonies in the Americas. Also owing to the Muslim influence, a silk industry flourished, flax was cultivated and linen export

* [[Template:Muslim Alliance in North America/Metadata]] * [[Template:Muslim American/Metadata]]

...by scientists, it has a strong following within the United States and many Muslim nations. Two Gallup polls conducted in 1991 and 1997 in the United States f

...of [[Romance languages]], like the Castilian, as Christian rule displaced muslim rule.]]

For a presumed supporter of the Saudi monarchy, however, he spoke of the Muslim world: <blockquote>It’s not the case that they are objecting to modern te

...him"). <ref>''BBC News'': '[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7232398.stm Muslim cleric not allowed into UK]'. 7th February 2008.</ref><ref>''Foreign Policy

...istian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23% and Muslim 10%. They speak Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake

...to Mecca on the annual pilgrimage to proclaim himself to the public and to Muslim notables gathered there. Before his departure, he produced one other notabl ...ists of a collection of fourteen prayers, mostly to be recited on specific Muslim Holy Days and festivals. Its content remained within the expectations of Is

...e. The vice president told his Israeli hosts that since many people in the Muslim world perceived a connection between Israel's actions and US policy, any de

...ucknow/Muslim-clerics-support-save-Ganga-campaign/articleshow/16216466.cms Muslim clerics support save Ganga campaign]</ref> "Ganga Jamni tehzeeb" is an anci

...ple, incorporating two basic threads. Underlying everything is a group of Muslim terrorists in the [[Sudan]], the Anointed Liberation Front, whose goal is o

...l. They developed a love for the land that was at least the equal of their Muslim compatriots." In understanding Algeria, it is important to remember that t

Houthis in Yemen, while in other arenas in the Muslim world, such as Iraq,

...mber of prophets or messengers including Abraham, who is called the "first Muslim." Muhammad is the final such prophet. ...ments over who should have succeeded Muhammad in his role as leader of the Muslim community.

...ratic Party (United States)|D-Minnesota (U.S. state)|Minnesota), the first Muslim elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, he questioned Ellison's loyal | title = What Should be Done with Iran? First Muslim Congressman Speaks Out

.... His abolition of the caliphate in 1924 proved highly controversial among Muslim intellectuals world-wide, while his overthrow of the Sultanate (1922) and t

...l-Nadim]]'s bibliography ''Fihrist'' demonstrates the devotion of medieval Muslim scholars to books and reliable sources; it contains a description of thousa The contents of these Islamic libraries were copied by Christian monks in Muslim/Christian border areas, particularly Spain and Sicily. From there they eve

...dalusian sciences in 10th Century Muslum Cordoba.<ref>A. Arberry (1967), ''Muslim Cordoba'' in {{cite book|author=ed. Arnold Toynbee|title=Cities of Destiny|

...', a book written by the [[Persian people|Persian]] [[Islamic mathematics|Muslim mathematician]] {{Unicode|[[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi|Muhammad ibn Mū

...ressively Westernizing Iran, offending a good deal of conservative Shi'ite Muslim opinion, and governing with the assistance of an aggressive secret police a [[Saddam Hussein]], ostensibly a [[Sunni]] Muslim, claimed to have started the war to block the export of [[Shi'ite]] radical

...r its activities in the "war on terror" such as its treatment of suspected Muslim militants in prisons. The resolution appeared to be in response to the U.S. ...Monitor'', Jundallah, or "God's Brigade," composed of predominantly Sunni Muslim Baluchis which inhabits Pakistan's gas-rich province of Baluchestan, as wel

Through interactions and trade with [[Muslim]] traders plying the [[Indian ocean]] as far south as present day Mozambiqu

*pir, or strong personal relationship to Allah, distinct from the communal Muslim tradition;<ref name=FAS-AU>{{citation ...That religious school's teachings drew from a 19th century Indian Salafist Muslim movement called Deobandism, which argued against modernization and believed

...r own specific distributions. Ubuntu is now even distributed in Christian, Muslim and Buddhist editions with specific religious software pre-installed.

...out 89.5 percent and [[Buddhists]] for 5.3% of the total population. The [[Muslim]] population is 2.7 percent, the Jains 0.1 percent and Christians and other ...tion of Hinduism and later it was brought near extinction by the hordes of Muslim invaders pouring down from central Asia into northern India in the 13th cen

...style theocracy in which women have no rights, everyone is forced to be a Muslim, and the Sharia legal system is used to cut off hands and stone people to d

...47 with the partition of India on independence as a separate state for the Muslim minority. War between its eastern and western sectors in 1971 led to the fo

...g been illegal under Egyptian law as well as being forbidden under sharia, Muslim religious law."</ref> This article is intended to be a general introduction

...a European woman was so unusual that she was more outside the rules in the Muslim groups than with her countrymen. ...ldiers trapped in the siege, Hardinge was especially concerned with Indian Muslim attitudes. He was due to retire, and both he and his successor, Lord Chelms

The first printing press in a Muslim territory opened in [[Andalusia]] in the 1480s. This printing press was run

...Armenian, Jewish, or was a foreigner) the taxpayer belonged or if he was a Muslim Turk. Even in this latter case discriminations abounded. Many minorities ha

...and growing segment of the current Israeli population that is Christian or Muslim. J Street quixotically supports a two-state solution to the Israel-Palesti

...to the Prophet Mohammed, vinegar is one of the best condiments (Ref. Sahih Muslim Book 023, Number 5091).

During this decade, the US supported Muslim fighters against the Soviets in Afghanistan. The training and arms supplied

...this daunting paradigm, the genuine enthusiasm for America shown by our 21 Muslim guests was a heartening sign. They seemed impressed with the depth of our n ...ns like Iraq and Afghanistan. Poll after poll has shown that people in the Muslim worlds want moderate alternatives to the status quo, if their political, re

*[[User: Howard C. Berkowitz|Howard]] has been backfilling a bit on radical [[Muslim]] theology, including Salafism, as he builds out both sides of the picture

...47, India gained independence from British rule, but not before losing its Muslim-majority areas, which were carved out into the separate nation-state of [[P Although 80.5% of Indians report themselves as [[Hinduism|Hindus]], India's [[Muslim]] population is the world's second largest; they constitute 13.4% of the po

...s Christian, 16 per cent say they have no religion, 9 percent say they are Muslim, 4 percent say they are Hindu and 2 percent say they are Jewish.

...bombers]] as a "martyr" of Islam, however, this is widely disputed in the Muslim community.

...istianity, and "Sabeanism." (Scholars are unsure as to what a Sabean was.) Muslim theologians debated the status of Zoroastrianism and Hinduism.

...f Mejnun - in wilderness.jpg|thumb|left|[[Majnun]] - the epitome of chaste Muslim love, going mad in the wilderness]] ...rayed as becoming like "[[Layla and Majnun|Majnum]], the ultimate lover of Muslim lore, who flees into the desert to pine for his unattainable Layla."<ref na

...politics of Christendom developed differently from the politics of the [[Muslim]] world. In contrast to the unifying influence of the Christian doctrine o The impact of Sharia among Muslim countries ranges from its widespread acceptance as a personal code of condu

...China, as early as 200 BCE, and reached Europe through [[History of Islam|Muslim]] territories. Paper was at first made of rags, but the [[Industrial Revolu

...population are [[Christian]]s, the next highest religious minority were [[Muslim]]s making up 0.4%. There are also small [[Buddhist]], [[Hindu]], [[Judaism

:#It is energized by "energy from friction along the fault line between the Muslim world and the West." Themes causing friction including cultural imperialism

...spreading to Europe, with special emphasis on the sanitary concerns about muslim pilgrims returning from [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. D'Hérelle used phages he

...spreading to Europe, with special emphasis on the sanitary concerns about muslim pilgrims returning from [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. D'Herelle used phages he

...lso had to deal with it's first act of terrorism at home in 1915, when two Muslim itinerant workers in Broken Hill ambushed a civilian steam train transporti

...bars]]. In June 1272 he survived an assassination attempt by a [[Shi'ite]] Muslim, and having then left for [[Sicily]] that year, he was never to return on C

...bars]]. In June 1272 he survived an assassination attempt by a [[Shi'ite]] Muslim, and having then left for [[Sicily]] that year, he was never to return on C

...obility, to react to the raids of the enemy, particularly the invasions of Muslim armies which occurred starting in the seventh century. So it was that the

...ically ethnically Han, so excluding Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria and various Muslim areas in the West) has not always been united, but has often been populated The Qing also had internal troubles, notably several Muslim rebellions in the West and the Taiping Rebellion in the South.

...: eating pork is commonplace to billions of people, while forcing a devout Muslim or Jew to eat pork would be abusive. Some cultures believe male [[circumcis

...were first translated to the Syriac language by Nestorian monks in Persia. Muslim scholars (mainly in Baghdad) subsequently translated these into Arabic, and

...eclined rapidly and many Hindus were forcibly converted to [[Islam]]. Some Muslim rulers such as [[Aurangzeb]] destroyed Hindu temples and otherwise persecut

...lticultural, and secular community consisting of Hindus, [[Christian]]s, [[Muslim]]s, [[Jain]]s, [[Sikh]]s, and [[Buddhist]]s among other denominations, all

...ence of God or gods. Including the existence of the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim God. b. The doctrine that there is no God or gods. 2. Godlessness; immoral ...levant pursuits. Outside of Europe, freethought was still expounded in the Muslim world by such individuals as [[Averroes]] (see: [[Averroism]]). [[Heresy|He

...há'í statistic. In countries where the Bahá'í Faith is illegal (as in some Muslim countries) or where national infrastructure is very limited, it is difficul ...nctive Bahá'í names, so many Indian Bahá'ís will be identified as Hindu or Muslim.</ref> The ''World Christian Encyclopedia'' identifies the Bahá'í Faith a

...n|Mediterranean]] countries, particularly [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] under Muslim rule. When they were expelled in 1492, they settled in [[North Africa]], th {{see also|Muslim Jew|Islam and anti-Semitism|Similarities between the Bible and the Qur'an}}

...5 million citizens, with a 1.38% growth rate (2008 est.), are 75 percent [[Muslim]], with 20% of the remainder Russian Orthodox 20%; 5% belong to other reli

At the end of War War I, the Muslim [[Ottoman Empire]], which had been in control of Palestine, and indeed much

...x around March 20/21. Nouruz is still celebrated in Iran, by the [[Shi'a]] Muslim Persians. Traditionally in Iran a table is set up with a display of the sev

CIA promoted the Muslim religion in Uzbekistan, by CIA commissioning a translation of the Qur'an in As Yousaf recalled it, Casey said that there was a large Muslim population across the Amu Darya that could be stirred to action and could "

...istory Association of India |location=Bangalore }}</ref> [[Malik ibn Dinar|Muslim merchants]] (Malik ibn Dinar) settled in Kerala by the 8th century AD. Afte

...ristian, who most likely sympathised with the Crusading army more than his Muslim Lords. This information was vital for Bohemond, leading to him to suggest t ...ere soldiers from the north and south of France sat outside the walls of a Muslim town which they were supposed to be besieging and debated the authenticity

:*Khalifa Abdi Hassan, a Kenyan Islamic scholar working for the Muslim Association of Malawi. ...e relationship between Kenya and Somalia, increased tension within Kenya’s Muslim community, and created the possibility of an expanded regional conflict.

...region, with the lowest reported rate found generally in the predominantly Muslim northern parts of the country. Infections are most numerous among men ages ...verage underreporting because of the stigma associated with the disease in Muslim societies.<ref name=NIE99-17DMENA>{{citation

...large planters, army officers, and other proponents of integration of the Muslim population with France, feared a new government in Paris would make concess

'''Sùnni''' ''Muslim'' = Northern English pronunciation of '''súnny''' ''weather''; some AmE sp

...14 patterns. They debate the role of cultural differences, ghettos, race, Muslim fundamentalism, poor education and poverty play in creating nativism among

...ic Sociology''. © 1983-2006 A. M. Al-Araki ISBN 82-570-0743-9]</ref> was a Muslim historian born in North Africa (in present-day Tunisia) whose ideas, though

...Whitaker of ''[[The Guardian]]'' stated in 2003, "To some in the Arab and Muslim countries, Shock and Awe is terrorism by another name; to others, a crime t

...ctors. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3512012 in Jstor]]</ref> The fast growing Muslim immigrant community is building its own separate pillar along religious lin ...from Turkey and Morocco, which is controversial. Rotterdam is nearly half Muslim and in every city second- and third-generation Muslims are Dutch and speak

...eligious composition of Sri Lanka is: [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] 69.1%, [[Islam|Muslim]] 7.6%, [[Hinduism|Hindu]] 7.1%, [[Christianity|Christian]] 6.2%, unspecifi

...after his death. During that tumultuous period, an influx of radical black Muslim groups had begun to headquarter in Chicago, and Trinity sought to recontext

...are represented in Mumbai. These include [[Hinduism|Hindu]] (68%), [[Islam|Muslim]]s (17%), and [[Christianity|Christians]] and [[Buddhist]] (4%). The remain

...U.S. works with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in funding, training, and arming Muslim mujahideen insurgency; end of détente

Promises of a Muslim peacekeeping unit did not materialize. The Saudis did not want to be under ...Indian lives lost, and Indians seen as occupiers, especially among India's Muslim population and in the Middle East? How would this affect US support of Pak

...les originate from religious codes such as the [[Ten Commandments]] or the Muslim [[Sharia]], and some are socially-determined concepts of rights, obligati

...os insulting to [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] and some material offensive to [[Muslim]]s.<ref>{{cite news| title = Long-standing YouTube ban lifted only for seve

...shows America and Israel killing the weaker men, women and children in the Muslim world and elsewhere."'' Usama bin Laden, in ''Nida'ul Islam'' magazine, Oct

...shows America and Israel killing the weaker men, women and children in the Muslim world and elsewhere."'' Usama bin Laden, in ''Nida'ul Islam'' magazine, Oct

...im to foster and unite various different religions and that he dropped all Muslim elements that Shirdi Sai Baba practiced.<ref>Nagel, Alexandra (note: Nagel

...des#First Crusade|First Crusade]] (1096-9) - Jerusalem recaptured from its Muslim holders

...en-Broxup]]. ''The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance Towards the Muslim World''. ISBN 1-85065-069-1

...hat power in the Middle East remains controversial. The [[9/11]] attack by Muslim terrorists opened a "War on Terror". The economy is marked by steady growth

...tle evidence that infanticide was prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia or early Muslim history, except for the case of the Tamim tribe, which practiced it during

...nd colonization of the globe. The Ottoman Empire, still by far the leading Muslim power, fell further and further behind.

...reincarnation of the fakir [[Shirdi Sai Baba]] (1857?-1918), who had both Muslim as well as Hindu traits and whose name he took.<ref>Babb, ''Saintly'', p. 1

...anguages and religious beliefs, being either [[Hinduism|Hindu]] or [[Sunni Muslim]], and speaking English, with Indian languages like [[Tamil language|Tamil]

...ligious groups comprise the following: Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, Muslim 10%, indigenous beliefs 10% and other 2%.

...isenhower created the '''[[Eisenhower Doctrine]]''' to support pro-Western Muslim governments. At first the United States did not distinguish between Communi

...[[Japan]], where it evolved into [[shogi]]. Shatranj was taken up by the [[Muslim world]] after the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]], with the pieces largely r

[[Dust (comics)|Dust]], an [[New X-Men|X-Men trainee]] is a devout [[Sunni Muslim]] raised in Afghanistan and conflict between her religion and new setting h

...]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]] in England. Cities and towns with large [[Muslim]] communities include Birmingham, [[Blackburn]], [[Bolton]], [[Bradford]],

...eople whose names following the style used in Arabic speaking cultures, or muslim cultures, have surnames like those used by English speaking people. Many p