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...he United States''']], '''[[Great Depression in Germany|Germany]]''', '''[[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|the United Kingdom]]''' and '''[[Showa Depression (Ja The '''Great Depression''' was the longest and deepest downturn in economic activity in modern hist

...ummary of a passage in Bernanke (2000) <ref> Ben Bernanke: ''Essays on the Great Depression'', Princeton University Press, 2000 </ref> page 9)''

When the [[Great Depression]] hit, New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt called on Hopkins to r ...was concerned with rural areas but more and more focused on cities in the great depression. Critics charged that his WPA, with 2 million men employed, who voted 90% D

== The Great Depression and the ''Gesuiwerde'' (Purified) National Party ==

...e 1930s and 1940s was instrumental in Jeffersonville's recovery from the [[Great Depression]] and the [[Ohio River flood of 1937|Flood of 1937]]. Casinos, betting par After the Flood of 1937 and the Great Depression, the Howard Shipyards were devastated. In 1942 the [[United States Navy]]

...stopped as a result of financial reforms in the early 1930s, during the [[Great Depression]], and when the issuing of silver certificates stopped in 1963, Federal Res

...in 1930 or 1931 because President Hoover wanted to know the cause of the [[Great Depression]].[http://www.irisfinancialgroup.com/cycles_legacy.shtml?info+] Dewey repo and in ''America's Great Depression'':<ref>Rothbard, Murray N., ''America's Great Depression'', 1963 [http://www.mises.org/rothbard/agd/chapter1.asp#1]</ref>

...e of an active macroeconomic policy was the [[New Deal]] response to the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, although it involved a [[fiscal stimulus]] that was small b

...to have been an important factor in the international development of the [[Great Depression]]. <ref name=Temin> Peter Temin: ''Lessons from the Great Depression'' MIT Press</ref>

...in the United States#Banking Crises (1930 - 33)| The Banking crises of the Great Depression]]

The first such program began in 1939 as the Food Stamp Plan during the [[Great Depression]] in an effort to relieve the economic strain on low-income families. In 1

*{{cite journal |last=Musson |first=A. E. |year=1959 |title=The Great Depression in Britain, 1873–1896: A Reappraisal |journal=Journal of Economic History

{{rpl|Great Depression}}

* Ahamed, Liaquat: ''Lords of Finance: 1929, The Great Depression and the Bankers Who Broke the World'', William Heineman, 2009.

...he [[National Industrial Recovery Act]] in June 1933 in the midst of the [[Great Depression]]. It allotted $3.3 billion to be spent on the construction of [[public wo ...lapse of private construction and dominant role of public works during the Great Depression]]

...argeon, Denyse. ''Making Do: Women, Family and Home in Montreal during the Great Depression.'' (1999). 232 pp.

...d standard. Financial instability culminated in the crash of 1929 and the Great Depression in the United States and its transmission to other countries by the operati * 1930 [[Great Depression]]

.... In 1931, when Ramsay MacDonald decided to form a coalition to face the [[Great Depression]], Baldwin was appointed [[Lord President of the Council]]. He became Prime

...the United Party in 1934 grew out of South Africa's experience with the [[Great Depression]] during the early 1930s.

- [[Great Depression]] - [[Great Depression in the United States]]

...Van Sweringers suffered monumental financial reverses as a result of the [[Great Depression]]. Their empire was investigated by the [[Justice Department]] in the earl

...recovery from a recession, such as occurred in the 1937-39 phase of the [[Great Depression]]. The terms [[downturn (economic)|downturn]], and "trough" are used to den ...he 1930s, limited use was made of [[public expenditure]] to counter the [[Great Depression]], and the use of [[fiscal stimulus|fiscal stimuluses]] as proposed by [[

...nt [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and his top advisors, who believed that the [[Great Depression]] had been due to "piratical" competition. President Roosevelt announced th ...of the scheme are discussed in the articles on the [[New Deal]] and the [[Great Depression in the United States]].

...storyfarm.org/farminginthe30s/water_14.html FSA Photographers Document the Great Depression]</ref>. [[Dorothea Lange]]'s ''[[Migrant Mother]]'' photograph has become o

==Great depression== ...rted Republican [[Herbert Hoover]] for president in 1928; in 1932 as the [[Great Depression]] bore brutally on the mining camps, he officially backed Hoover but quietl

* Schamel, Wynell. "Dear Mrs. Roosevelt: Letters from Children of the Great Depression," ''Social Education,'' Vol. 68, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=

...cans in professional sports. Hank was born in Mobile, Alabama, during the Great Depression. He was the son of a shipyard worker and had seven brothers and sisters. Al

...the United States#Social Consequences (1930-36)|social consequences of the Great Depression ]] in the United States included acute malnutrition and homelessness. Nowa ...ef>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html Gene Smiley: ''Great Depression'', Library of Economics and Liberty]</ref>. Numerical estimates of 19th cen

...fered a sharp "slump" (the term used in Britain to denote its share of the great depression) between 1929 and 1931, and the government was then forced by further gold ...ation" <ref>Strong memorandum Jan 11 1925, Peter Temin: ''Lessons from the Great Depression'', page 14, MIT Press, 1989</ref>.

* Beito, David. ''Taxpayers in revolt: Tax resistance during the Great Depression.'' (1989)

===Great Depression=== * [[Great Depression in the United States]]

...ere to relieve the suffering of the American people in the throes of the [[Great Depression]], and its execution ...plications and international context are described in the article on the [[Great Depression]].)''

...at began in 1933 with a realignment caused by the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression in the U.S.]]. The [[New Deal Coalition]] was forged by President [[Frankli ...s of prosperity discredited by the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], the four consecutive elections, 1932-36-40-44 of Democrat [[Franklin D.

The '''Great Depression in the United States''' of America was part of an international economic ...auses of that international disaster are discussed in the article on the [[Great Depression]].

...ities was responsible for the stock market crash, which in turn led to the Great Depression.

He grew up during the Great Depression. Frank Vann, as he was known, tried to provide for the family, although his

* Jensen, Richard J. "The Causes and Cures of Unemployment in the Great Depression," ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 19 (1989) 553-83. [http://links. * Romer, Christina D. "What Ended the Great Depression?" ''The Journal of Economic History,'' Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 757

*1929-33 [[Great Depression]] the severe downturn in economic activity that started in 1929 in Germany

...the Lone Star State as an Example of State-Federal Work Relief during the Great Depression" ''The Historian'', Vol. 65, 2003

...The Path to a Modern South: Northeast Texas between Reconstruction and the Great Depression'' University of Texas Press, 2001.

...so lured residents away. The town experienced a short revival during the [[Great Depression]] due to rising gold prices, the start of [[World War II]] once again cause

...k]]s. She was finally retired from service, in Seattle, in 1932, when the great depression made maintaining her too much of a burden. Seattle sold her in 1935, for he

...nly associated with the [[First World War]] or with the [[Great Depression|great depression]] and the operation of the [[gold standard]]. Defaults were rare in the pos ...Default'', IMF Working Paper, October 2008]</ref>. In the course of the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s most European governments defaulted on their debts, followin

...ial campaign to help him develop policies and legislation to address the [[Great Depression]]. As the term became popularized it was shortened to just "brain trust."

* Powell, Jim. ''FDR's Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression.'' (2003), a rhetorical attack on all FDR's policies * Smiley, Gene. ''Rethinking the Great Depression'' (1993) short essay by economist who blames both Hoover and FDR

...examine the lives of the working class and the migrant worker during the [[Great Depression]]. ...ystic]], proletarian writer, moved to anger by the brutality of the [[ The Great Depression|Depression]].

The Chrysler Corporation weathered the [[Great Depression]] by lowering prices to sell cars at the smallest profit margin possible, b

During the [[Great Depression, Canada|Great Depression]] the demand for radical political transformation made its appeal after the

== Great Depression and War: 1930-1945 ==

:1929-35: [[Great Depression]]

...hostile historians claim they were probably responsible, in part, for the great depression that followed. ...es kept him engaged until his death on Jan. 5, 1933, in the midst of the [[Great Depression]].

...9, too far into the worsening farm crisis to succeed with the onset of the Great Depression.<ref> Williams 1996</ref>

...e Jr., eds. ''Talk about Trouble: A New Deal Portrait of Virginians in the Great Depression'' (1996)

During the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression]], other conservatives participated in the taxpayers' revolt at the local l ...r when it finally did come. For years thereafter, the twin shibboleths of "Great Depression" and "isolationism" stalked American conservatism<ref>One popular bumper st

...mbat the poverty and unemployment of the [[Great Depression, United States|Great Depression]]. The CCC became the most popular New Deal program among the general publ

...aid. It was continued by the [[Roosevelt Administration]], handling the [[Great Depression in the United States]] and setting up the relief programs that were taken o ...sufficient to thwart a will for a more active approach to dealing with the Great Depression. President Hoover also was, by this time, moving from his individualistic

*[[Great Depression]]

...ompanies and news services. But due to his extravagant lifestyle and the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s his financial position was seriously affected. In 1937 he w

===Great Depression=== The onset of the [[Great Depression, Canada|Great Depression]] in 1929 led to a Liberal defeat in the 1930 elections. In opposition, it

...second was written during the later stages of the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression]]. ...n: A Study in Cultural Conflicts'''. They saw the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression]] as an opportunity to see how the social structure of the town changed.

...Calomiris and Joseph Mason: , ''Contagion and Bank Failures During the Great Depression: The June 1932 Chicago Banking Panic'', NBER Working Paper No. 4934 Novem ...929]] occurred toward the end of 1930, triggeed by, and intensifying the [[Great Depression]] until the "banking holiday" of 1933. The introduction in that year of th

* Sides, Josh. ''L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present.'' U. of California Press, 2003. 288 pp. [http://books.goo * Starr, Kevin. ''Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California '' (1997)

** ''Endangered Dreams : The Great Depression in California '' (1997) * Sides, Josh. ''L.A. City Limits: African American Los Angeles from the Great Depression to the Present.'' U. of California Press, 2003. 288 pp. [http://books.goo

...y into tourism.<ref> Garry Boulard, "'State of Emergency': Key West in the Great Depression." ''Florida Historical Quarterly'' 1988 67(2): 166-183. Issn: 0015-4113 Ful

...40s and 1950s brought low desires to have material objects, because of the Great Depression and WWII, as well as huge job opportunities, because of being a post war pe

...regional variation, it is sometimes said to be rather bland in taste. The Great Depression forced a standardization of the food industry to consolidate revenue. Thro

*Jensen, Richard J. "The Causes and Cures of Unemployment in the Great Depression," ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 19 (1989) p. 553-83 [http://link

...m all over the continent to ride the M.C.R. Despite it's popularity, the [[Great Depression|Depression]] reared it's ugly head and the Jersey Central closed down the r

...mood of the country was similar to that which existed at the time of the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, and so there was the same need for [[escapism]] in popular

...accelerated, hitting 260,000 at the onset of the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression]] in 1929. The city suffered less than others because it had relatively lit

...tions. It was one of Roosevelt's few foreign policy speeches during the [[Great Depression]] and was not well received by the American public. Roosevelt retracted th

...which is now named [[Southeast Missouri State University]]. During the [[Great Depression]], Lewis traveled as a common laborer in the Southwest. Away from his paren

...31, US President [[Herbert Hoover]] suggested a war debt moratorium as a [[Great Depression]] relief measure. With the coming to power of [[Adolf Hitler]], reparation

...d mail order firms as a threat to the business owner on Main Street. The [[Great Depression]] shook his faith in a cooperative, selfless, middle-class America. Like mo

...figure was [[Herbert Hoover]], a trained engineer. Democrats blamed the [[Great Depression]] on him and helped to somewhat discredit the movement, though the demand f

For definitions of the terms shown in ''italics'' see [[Great Depression/Related Articles|the glossary on the Related Articles subpage]]. ...ry of the statistics of the Great Depression in the United States, go to [[Great Depression in the United States/Tutorials]].''

..., U.S.|Great Depression]]. The failure of the Republicans to deal with the Great Depression caused a realignment that produced the [[Fifth Party System]], which was do ...Herbert Hoover]] became the last president of the Fourth Party System. The Great Depression spoiled the nation's optimism and ruined Republican chances. In long-term p

until the double curse of The Great Depression and the arrival of the boll weevil in the 1920s. This forced southern farms

...tion or monetary policy. He thus offered a non-socialist solution to the [[Great Depression]]. The Keynesian solutions were widely adopted in the 1960s in Britain and

===Great Depression and Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930=== The [[Great Depression]] was worldwide, and international trade shrank drastically. The crisis baf

...om Germany. Germany in turn borrowed the money from the U.S. During the [[Great Depression]] President [[Herbert Hoover]] suspended all payments, and they were never

[[Canada]] was hard hit by the [[Great Depression]]. Between 1929 and 1933, the gross national product dropped 40% (compared ...Matthews's first history of the Great Depression.<ref> Todd Mccallum, "The Great Depression's First History? The Vancouver Archives of Major J. S. Matthews and the Wri

* [[Great Depression, Canada]]

The [[Great Depression]] was especially damaging to Alberta where many farmers lost their business

* Romer, Christina D. "What Ended the Great Depression?" ''Journal of Economic History'' 52 (1992): 757-84. [http://links.jstor.or

...argeon, Denyse. ''Making Do: Women, Family and Home in Montreal during the Great Depression.'' (1999). 232 pp.

...death of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. It was created during the [[Great Depression]] as part of [[President of the United States|President]] Roosevelt's [[New

*Jensen, Richard J. "The Causes and Cures of Unemployment in the Great Depression," ''Journal of Interdisciplinary History'' 19 (1989) p. 553-83 [http://link

....fdic.gov/about/learn/symbol/index.html FDIC]), created in the wake of the Great Depression in 1933, insures deposits at commercial banks up to an amount of 100.000 US

...The Path to a Modern South: Northeast Texas between Reconstruction and the Great Depression'', (2001).

The Great depression was hard on the economy, with unemployment reaching 30%. In a total populat

Economists of the [[Austrian School of Economics]] believe that the [[Great Depression]] was triggered by credit crises caused by reaching the limit of credit whi

...tury of Progress]] World’s Fair in Chicago. Despite the beginning of the [[Great Depression]] and growing competition by fixed-wing aircraft, LZ 127 would transport an

...cial center of the Midwest. Although the Fair was held in the midst of the Great Depression, the organizers decided to fund the event through the sale of special membe ...New York businessmen who thought the event might lift the U.S.A out of the Great Depression by stimulating economic profit. At face value, however, the historical reas

...observers were enthused about the display of wealth and beauty. During the Great Depression, groups of unemployed workers paraded in worn-out clothing, carrying banner

...the need for a more student-centered approach to education. During the [[Great Depression|depression]] the organization conducted an Eight Year study evaluating the

* Nelson, Lawrence J. "Welfare Capitalism on a Mississippi Plantation in the Great Depression." ''Journal of Southern History'' 50 (May 1984): 225–50. [http://links.js

...|associationalist]] policies were unable to reverse the decline into the [[Great Depression]]. He began massive subsidies of business and make-work programs, but noth ..." However, within months, the American economy sunk drastically into the [[Great Depression]] after the [[Stock Market Crash of 1929]] occurred.

...ority Labour governments of the 1930s, but the economic breakdown of the [[Great Depression in the United Kingdom|depression]] of the 1930s had convinced even the Cons ...rate. The result ''(which is described more fully in the article on the [[Great Depression in the United Kingdom]])'' was an increase in unemployment to over 16 per c

During the [[Great Depression, U.S.|Great Depression]], when the Court, dominated by economic conservatives, time and again decl