Counties of Ireland

The counties of Ireland were traditional and long standing divisions of the island of Ireland. Ireland was originally divided into five provinces, Ulster, Leinster, Munster, Connacht and Meath, with the latter eventually being absorbed into Leinster. The provinces were further subdivided into many hundreds of tuatha, a term which translates from the Irish language as meaning both the people, tribe or clan of an area and the territory they controlled. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century, the process of shiring the country into baronies and then counties began.

The counties underwent various changes and renamings over the years, settling into their by now traditional styles by the middle of the 19th century.

Partition of Ireland

The partition of Ireland into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State saw the traditional thirty-two counties being split, with six of the nine Ulster counties becoming Northern Ireland, while the remaining twenty-six counties became the Irish Free State.

The traditional 32 counties are as follows:

Republic of Ireland Dublin Wicklow Wexford Carlow Kildare Meath Louth Monaghan Cavan Longford Westmeath Offaly Laois Kilkenny Waterford Cork

Kerry Limerick Tipperary Clare Galway Mayo Roscommon Sligo Leitrim Donegal Northern Ireland Fermanagh Tyrone Londonderry Antrim Down Armagh

Table: Traditional counties

Traditional County	Formerly	Name in Irish	County town	Province	State
Antrim		Aontroim	Antrim	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Armagh		Ard Mhacha	Armagh	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Carlow	Caterlaugh	Ceatharlach	Carlow	Leinster	Ireland
Cavan		Cabhán	Cavan	Ulster	Ireland
Clare	Thomond	An Clár	Ennis	Munster	Ireland
Cork	Desmond	Corcaigh	Cork	Munster	Ireland
Donegal	Tyrconnel	Dún na nGall	Lifford	Ulster	Ireland
Down		An Dún	Downpatrick	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Dublin		Baile Átha Cliath	Dublin	Leinster	Ireland
Fermanagh		Fear Manach	Enniskillen	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Galway		Gaillimh	Galway	Connacht	Ireland
Kerry	Desmond	Ciaraí	Tralee	Munster	Ireland
Kildare		Cill Dara	Naas	Leinster	Ireland
Kilkenny		Cill Chainnigh	Kilkenny	Leinster	Ireland
Laois	Queen's County; Leix and Laoighis are former spellings.	Laois (sometimes still Laoighis)	Portlaoise	Leinster	Ireland
Leitrim		Liatroim	Carrick on Shannon	Connacht	Ireland
Limerick	Thomond	Luimneach	Limerick	Munster	Ireland
Londonderry	Coleraine	Doire	Derry	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Longford		An Longfort	Longford	Leinster	Ireland
Louth		Lú	Dundalk	Leinster	Ireland
Mayo		Maigh Eo	Castlebar	Connacht	Ireland
Meath		An Mhí	Navan	Leinster	Ireland
Monaghan		Muineacháin	Monaghan	Ulster	Ireland
Offaly	King's County	Uíbh Fháilí	Tullamore	Leinster	Ireland
Roscommon		Ros Comáin	Roscommon	Connacht	Ireland
Sligo		Sligeach	Sligo	Connacht	Ireland
Tipperary		Tiobraid Árann	Nenagh (North Riding); Clonmel (South Riding)	Munster	Ireland
Tyrone		Tír Eoghain	Omagh	Ulster	Northern Ireland
Waterford		Port Láirge	Waterford	Munster	Ireland
Westmeath		An Iarmhí	Mullingar	Leinster	Ireland
Wexford		Loch Garman	Wexford	Leinster	Ireland
Wicklow		Cill Mhantáin	Wicklow	Leinster	Ireland

Modern administrative divisions

Various changes to local government in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have occurred over the years.

Within the Republic of Ireland

• County Tipperary, first established in the 13th century, was divided into two "ridings", North Tipperary (county town: Nenagh) and South Tipperary (county town: Clonmel) in 1898. The county was formally divided into two separate counties, North Tipperary and South Tipperary, in 2002.

• County Dublin, in 1993, was split into three new counties - Fingal in the north, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown in the south and east, and South Dublin in the remainder - with Dublin Corporation becoming Dublin City Council, to govern the city proper.

• The Local Government Act, 2001 (Ireland) further refined and delineated the state's local government areas. It lists 29 counties and five cities (with equivalent status to counties), as tabulated below. In addition to the five designated cities (Dublin, Cork, Galway, Limerick and Waterford), a sixth, Kilkenny, in deference to tradition, is given permission in that Act to style itself a city, though it is not officially designated as one and has a town council rather than a city council.

Within Northern Ireland

• Until 1971, the six counties of Northern Ireland, along with the borough councils for the cities of Belfast and Derry, served as administrative areas. The Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971 and the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 removed the official status of counties, replacing them with 26 Districts for local government purposes.

Traditional versus administrative

Both north and south of the border, the traditional 32 counties are still in favour with the majority of the population. They continue to be of everyday importance in cultural and sporting contexts - for example, the Gaelic Athletic Association's championships in hurling and Gaelic football still feature teams from the 32 traditional counties rather than making use of the new counties (though there has been some limited discussion about splitting the Dublin teams in two, due to a perceived population advantage).

In the Republic of Ireland, this is partly due to a lack of publicity surrounding the new counties, and partly as not all administrative systems have yet adapted to the changes. For example, the County Council of Fingal lists its postal address as "County Hall, Swords, Fingal, Co. Dublin." Similarly, although car vehicle registration plates are supposed to carry designated initials depending on the county of registration, all vehicles registered within the new counties created from the former County Dublin still all bear the initial "D", for Dublin.

Table: Administrative divisions within the Republic of Ireland

Administrative division	Status	Formerly	County town	Province
Carlow	County		Carlow	Leinster
Cavan	County		Cavan	Ulster
Clare	County		Ennis	Munster
Cork city	City	Part of County Cork	n/a	Munster
Cork	County		Cork	Munster
Donegal	County		Lifford	Ulster
Dublin city	City	Part of County Dublin	n/a	Leinster
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown	County	Part of County Dublin	Dún Laoghaire	Leinster
Fingal	County	Part of County Dublin	Swords	Leinster
Galway city	City	Part of County Galway	n/a	Connacht
Galway	County		Galway	Connacht
Kerry	County		Tralee	Munster
Kildare	County		Naas	Leinster
Kilkenny	County		Kilkenny	Leinster
Laois	County		Portlaoise	Leinster
Leitrim	County		Carrick on Shannon	Connacht
Limerick city	City	Part of County Limerick	n/a	Connacht
Limerick	County		Limerick	Munster
Longford	County		Longford	Leinster
Louth	County		Dundalk	Leinster
Mayo	County		Castlebar	Connacht
Meath	County		Navan	Leinster
Monaghan	County		Monaghan	Ulster
North Tipperary	County	Part of County Tipperary	Nenagh	Munster
Offaly	County		Tullamore	Leinster
Roscommon	County		Roscommon	Connacht
Sligo	County		Sligo	Connacht
South Dublin	County	Part of County Dublin	Tallaght	Leinster
South Tipperary	County	Part of County Tipperary	Clonmel	Munster
Waterford city	City	Part of County Waterford	n/a	Munster
Waterford	County		Waterford	Munster
Westmeath	County		Mullingar	Leinster
Wexford	County		Wexford	Leinster
Wicklow	County		Wicklow	Leinster