Ankle joint: Difference between revisions
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imported>Robert Badgett |
imported>Robert Badgett |
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==Injuries== | ==Injuries== | ||
===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
The Ottawa ankle rules, a [[clinical prediction rule]], can indicate a possible fracture and the need for [[x-ray]]s (see [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7386/417/F1 image]):<ref name="pmid11944759">{{cite journal |author=Glas AS, Pijnenburg BA, Lijmer JG, ''et al'' |title=Comparison of diagnostic decision rules and structured data collection in assessment of acute ankle injury |journal=CMAJ |volume=166 |issue=6 |pages=727–33 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11944759 |pmc=99451 |doi= |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11944759 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12595378">{{cite journal |author=Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, Steurer J, ter Riet G |title=Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review |journal=BMJ |volume=326 |issue=7386 |pages=417 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12595378 |pmc=149439 |doi=10.1136/bmj.326.7386.417 |url=http://bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12595378 |issn=}}</ref> | The Ottawa ankle rules, a [[clinical prediction rule]], can indicate a possible fracture and the need for [[x-ray]]s (see [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7386/417/F1 image]):<ref name="pmid11944759">{{cite journal |author=Glas AS, Pijnenburg BA, Lijmer JG, ''et al'' |title=Comparison of diagnostic decision rules and structured data collection in assessment of acute ankle injury |journal=CMAJ |volume=166 |issue=6 |pages=727–33 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11944759 |pmc=99451 |doi= |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11944759 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12595378">{{cite journal |author=Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, Steurer J, ter Riet G |title=Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review |journal=BMJ |volume=326 |issue=7386 |pages=417 |year=2003 |month=February |pmid=12595378 |pmc=149439 |doi=10.1136/bmj.326.7386.417 |url=http://bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12595378 |issn=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19187397">{{cite journal |author=Dowling S, Spooner CH, Liang Y, ''et al.'' |title=Accuracy of Ottawa Ankle Rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and midfoot in children: a meta-analysis |journal=Acad Emerg Med |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=277–87 |year=2009 |month=April |pmid=19187397 |doi=10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00333.x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00333.x |issn=}}</ref> | ||
'''Ankle x-rays''' may be needed | '''Ankle x-rays''' may be needed | ||
Revision as of 07:17, 4 June 2009
In anatomy, the ankle joint is the "joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the tibia; the malleolar articular surface of the fibula; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the talus"[1]
Injuries
Diagnosis
The Ottawa ankle rules, a clinical prediction rule, can indicate a possible fracture and the need for x-rays (see image):[2][3][4]
Ankle x-rays may be needed
- "...if there is pain in the malleolar zone and one or more of the following:
- "Bone tenderness at posterior edge (distal 6 cm) or tip of lateral malleolus"
- "Bone tenderness at posterior edge (distal 6 cm) or tip of medial malleolus"
- "Inability to bear weight both immediately after the injury and in the emergency department"
Foot x-rays may be needed
- "...if there is pain in the midfoot zone and one or more of the following:
- "Bone tenderness at base of fifth metatarsal"
- "Bone tenderness at navicular bone"
- "Inability to bear weight both immediately after the injury and in the emergency department"
Treatment
For severe sprains, below-knee casts for 10 days may be better than compression bandages.[5]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Ankle joint (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Glas AS, Pijnenburg BA, Lijmer JG, et al (March 2002). "Comparison of diagnostic decision rules and structured data collection in assessment of acute ankle injury". CMAJ 166 (6): 727–33. PMID 11944759. PMC 99451. [e]
- ↑ Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, Steurer J, ter Riet G (February 2003). "Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review". BMJ 326 (7386): 417. DOI:10.1136/bmj.326.7386.417. PMID 12595378. PMC 149439. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Dowling S, Spooner CH, Liang Y, et al. (April 2009). "Accuracy of Ottawa Ankle Rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and midfoot in children: a meta-analysis". Acad Emerg Med 16 (4): 277–87. DOI:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00333.x. PMID 19187397. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Lamb SE et al on behalf of The Collaborative Ankle Support Trial (CAST Group) (2009). Mechanical supports for acute, severe ankle sprain: a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 373;9663:575-581. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60206-3