Serine: Difference between revisions
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{{Image|Serine stickfigure DEVolk.jpg|right|150px|'''Serine''', one of the twenty common amino acids.}} | |||
'''Serine''', abbreviated as '''Ser''' or '''S''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the smallest amino acids, being larger than only [[glycine]] and [[alanine]]. It is subject to [[phosphorylation]] by [[kinase]]s because it is one of the three amino acids, together with [[threonine]] and [[tyrosine]], that contain a [[hydroxyl]] group (OH) on the side chain. It can be thought of as <math>\beta</math>-hydroxylated [[alanine]]. The amino acids [[glycine]] and [[cysteine]] are synthesized from serine. | '''Serine''', abbreviated as '''Ser''' or '''S''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the smallest amino acids, being larger than only [[glycine]] and [[alanine]]. It is subject to [[phosphorylation]] by [[kinase]]s because it is one of the three amino acids, together with [[threonine]] and [[tyrosine]], that contain a [[hydroxyl]] group (OH) on the side chain. It can be thought of as <math>\beta</math>-hydroxylated [[alanine]]. The amino acids [[glycine]] and [[cysteine]] are synthesized from serine. | ||
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== biosynthesis == | == biosynthesis == | ||
The first step in the biosynthesis of serine begins with the oxidation of the hydroxyl group of 3-phosphoglycerate by NAD+ to produce [[3-phosphohydroxy pyruvate]]. This reaction is followed by a transamination reaction in which [[glutamic acid|glutamate]] transfers an amine group, becoming <math>\alpha</math>-ketoglutarate in the process, to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. Finally, hydrolysis and removal of the phosphate group yields serine. | The first step in the biosynthesis of serine begins with the oxidation of the hydroxyl group of 3-phosphoglycerate by NAD+ to produce [[3-phosphohydroxy pyruvate]]. This reaction is followed by a transamination reaction in which [[glutamic acid|glutamate]] transfers an amine group, becoming <math>\alpha</math>-ketoglutarate in the process, to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. Finally, hydrolysis and removal of the phosphate group yields serine. | ||
{{Image|Serine synthesis DEVolk.jpg|center|800px|Biosynthesis of serine from 3-phosphoglycerate.}} | |||
Revision as of 07:52, 8 June 2009
Serine, abbreviated as Ser or S, is one of the twenty common amino acids used by living organisms to build proteins. It is one of the smallest amino acids, being larger than only glycine and alanine. It is subject to phosphorylation by kinases because it is one of the three amino acids, together with threonine and tyrosine, that contain a hydroxyl group (OH) on the side chain. It can be thought of as -hydroxylated alanine. The amino acids glycine and cysteine are synthesized from serine.
biosynthesis
The first step in the biosynthesis of serine begins with the oxidation of the hydroxyl group of 3-phosphoglycerate by NAD+ to produce 3-phosphohydroxy pyruvate. This reaction is followed by a transamination reaction in which glutamate transfers an amine group, becoming -ketoglutarate in the process, to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. Finally, hydrolysis and removal of the phosphate group yields serine.
