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{{CZ:(U00984) Appetite and Obesity, University of Edinburgh 2009/EZnotice}} <ref>"Part 2," Appetite and obesity. 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2009 from [http://www.appetiteandobesity.org/part

Crowley V et al. (2002) Obesity therapy: Altering the Energy Intake-And-Expenditure Balance Sheet 1: 276-28 Zhang Y & Scarpace PJ (2006) The role of leptin in leptin resistance and obesity "Physiol Behav" 88:249-256.

...at the dog park]]'''Obese pets''' are common in the countries where human obesity affects a large proportion of the population. "Around 40 percent of dogs an ...06</ref> Cats have also been found to suffer from [[Morbid obesity|morbid obesity]].

...ng that the duodenum is the source of various hormones involved in hunger, obesity and other aspects of metabolism. This has been partially confirmed by the u

...tml Scripps.edu] - 'Scripps Research Scientists Successfully Test New Anti-Obesity Vaccine'

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<ref>Hill J and Peters J. (1998) Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science Mag. (208):1371-75</ref> '''Hill J and Peters J. (1998) Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science Mag. (208):1371-75'''

*{{CZ:Ref:Shively 2009 Social stress, visceral obesity, and coronary artery atherosclerosis: product of a primate adaptation}} *Crowley VEE ''et al.'' (2002) Obesity therapy: Altering the energy intake-and- expenditure balance sheet. ''Natur

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Wildman, R.P. 2009. Healthy Obesity. ''Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolice Care''. '''12'''. 4 ...et al.'' 2008. Identification and Characterization of Metabolically Benign Obesity in Humans. ''Archives of Internal Medicine'' '''168'''(15). 1609-1616.

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...or=Wanless IR, Lentz JS| title=Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. | journal=Hepatology | yea

...release of the CB1 antagonist, Rimonabant, trade name Acomplia, as an anti-obesity drug. ...release of an anti-obesity drug is significant as it is the first new anti-obesity drug to be prescribed since the 1970’s.

* "Eliminate the growth of obesity and diabetes."

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...(1), 23-30:"The World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended definition for obesity is 25% body fat in men and 35% body fat in women...current BMI criteria mis ...ines could be regarded as significant prognostic indicators of the risk of obesity, CVD, and the metabolic syndrome in NWO women."

The following articles on the theme of appetite and obesity were originally written by '''University of Edinburgh''' undergraduate stud {{rpl|Genetics of obesity}}

Turek et.al, 2005 “Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock mutant mice” Science 308: 1043- Froy, O 2010 “Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms - Implications for Obesity” Endocrine Reviews 31:1-24. (The review consistently explains the effect

# Aronne LJ, et al. New Targets for Obesity Pharmacotherapy. ...the largest medical problems in developed countries — atherosclerosis and obesity.''

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...esults from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Obesity and health in Europeans aged > or = 50 years. | journal=Swiss Med Wkly | ye ...=44–56 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=18250486 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> Obesity may be associated with edema due to obstructive sleep apnea and secondary [

...|title=Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=3 |issue= |pages=CD005105 |year ...|title=Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity |journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) |volume= |pages=

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...aceutically exploiting its actions could be a potential method of tackling obesity. <ref>Kristensen P ''et al.'' (1998) Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic p

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This experiment was conducted because of the obesity epidemic in the United States and because of a case in which two teenage gi

...nd GB surgeries lead to substantial weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity. However, significant weight regain occurs over the long term, and accordin ...been compared between low calorie conventional diet (n = 11) or following obesity surgery (n = 17)...After surgery significantly less hunger was experienced.

...e and orlistat: a reappraisal of their expanding roles in the treatment of obesity and associated conditions. ''Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metab

...21-44</ref>, sexual behaviour and aggression. Lesions of the VMN result in obesity driven by excessive food intake, indicating that it has an important role i ...e lacking steroidogenic factor 1 are a novel genetic model of hypothalamic obesity. ''Endocrinology'' 143:607-14</ref><ref>Tran PV ''et al.'' (2003) Requireme

...with cardiovascular disease. ''Nature.'' 444:875-879. PMID 17167476 ''(“Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose t Kopelman P.G. (2000) Obesity as a medical problem. ''Nature.'' 404:635-642. PMID 10766250

[13] Drewnowski, A. and N. Darmon (2005). "The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost." American Journal of Clinical Nutr [17] Powell, L. M. and F. J. Chaloupka (2009). "Food Prices and Obesity: Evidence and Policy Implications for Taxes and Subsidies." Milbank Quarter

...journal| author=Astrup A, Raben A| title=Glucostatic control of intake and obesity. | journal=Proc Nutr Soc | year= 1996 | volume= 55 | issue= 1B | pages= 485 ...author=Mobbs CV ''et al.''| title=Impaired glucose signaling as a cause of obesity and the metabolic syndrome: the glucoadipostatic hypothesis. | journal=Phys

...kely to initiate lactation. Foetal pre-programming is affected by maternal obesity, and this can increase the probability of the offspring being obese when ol ...investigate the underlying mechanisms of leptin resistance associated with obesity. As there is no evidence of a down regulation of leptin receptors in the ar

== What is Healthy Obesity? == ...1:646-53 PMID 18359190</ref> <ref name = Wildman>Wildman RP (2009) Healthy obesity ''Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care'' 12:438-43 PMID 19474713</ref>

...and in these humans leptin therapy has been shown to significantly improve obesity disease. In contast mutations in the leptin receoptor as far less well unde ...e hypothalamus is imminent for the development of further therapy to treat obesity disease.

...10>Froy ''et al.''(2010) Metabolism and circadian rhythms—implications for obesity ''Endocr Rev'' 31:1-24</ref> ...reciprocal ghrelin and leptin signaling: new insight in the development of obesity ''Regul Pept'' 111:1–11</ref>. In rodents, ablation of the SCN eliminates

{{Image|Obesity final.jpg|right|450px|(Adapted from <ref>Boon NA ''et al.'' (2006) ''Davids ...he implication of the association between [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]] and obesity is discussed in [[Diabesity]].

...tern diseases...It will be shown that Western life style risk factors like obesity, consumption of cow milk and dairy products, hyperalimentation, increased i ...evels correlated with the magnitude of insulin resistance in subjects with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes and in nonobese, nondiabeti

...sent time.<ref name=Romero>Romero-Corral A ''et al.'' (2010) Normal weight obesity: a risk factor for cardiometabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular mortali ...2</sup>. However, the spectrum of obesity is quite large. '''Normal Weight Obesity (NWO)''', found in almost half of the American adult population, is when a

...fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=2 |p

...0) Glucocorticoids and neuroendocrine function. ''International Journal of Obesity'' 24: Suppl 2, s77-s79. PMID 10997615 ''"..glucocorticoids promote food con ...de signaling pathways in the control of food intake and the means by which obesity can arise from inherited or acquired defects in their function.”''--[[Use