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CZ:Core Articles > Natural Sciences
From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium
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Contents |
Astronomy
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Astronomy: The study of objects and processes in the observable universe, e.g. stars, planets, comets or asteroids. [e]
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Solar system: The sun and the planets orbiting it. [e]
- Planet: A cosmic body orbiting a star. [e] -- Derek Harkness
- Moon: The only natural satellite of our planet Earth. [e] -- Derek Harkness
- History of Astronomy: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Universe: Add brief definition
- Andromeda Galaxy: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
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Astrophysics: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Cosmology: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Earth: The third planet from the Sun in our solar system; the only place in the universe known by humanity to harbor life. [e] (also in Earth Sciences - please check CZ talk:Core Articles)
- Interstellar matter: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Johannes Kepler: Add brief definition
- Milky way: Add brief definition
- Ptolemy: Add brief definition
- Star: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Telescope: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Astronomical Unit: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Big Bang: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Black Hole: Add brief definition
- Comet: Add brief definition
- Dark matter: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- HR Diagram: Add brief definition
- IAU: Add brief definition
- Kepler's laws: Add brief definition
- Neutron star: Add brief definition
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Nicolaus Copernicus: Add brief definition
- Supernova: A catastrophic explosion of a star about five times the size of the sun, which occurs when the star collapses; either a neutron star or a black hole is formed as a result. [e]
- William Herschel: Add brief definition
- Mercury: The first planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman messenger of gods. [e] -- Thomas Simmons
- Jupiter: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Uranus: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Neptune: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Dwarf planet: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Pluto: Add brief definition
- Asteroid: Add brief definition
- Asteroid belt: Add brief definition
- Binary star: Add brief definition
- Celestial coordinates: Add brief definition
- Celestial mechanics: Add brief definition
- Cepheid variable: Add brief definition
- Ceres (dwarf planet): Add brief definition
- Cosmic microwave background: Add brief definition
- Cosmic rays: Add brief definition
- Crab Nebula: Add brief definition
- Eros (asteroid): Add brief definition
- Flare star: Add brief definition
- Galilean satellites: Add brief definition
- Globular cluster: Add brief definition
- H I region: Add brief definition
- H II region: Add brief definition
- Halley's comet: Add brief definition
- Hubble constant: Add brief definition
- Magellanic Clouds: Add brief definition
- Nebula: Add brief definition
- Nova: Add brief definition
- Olber's paradox: Add brief definition
- Open cluster: Add brief definition
- Orion nebula: Add brief definition
- 2006 definition of planet: Add brief definition
- Kuiper belt: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Extrasolar Planet: Add brief definition
- Scattered disc: Add brief definition
- Meteroid: Add brief definition
- Dust: Add brief definition
- Oort Cloud: Add brief definition
- Walter Baade: Add brief definition
- Friedrich Bessel: Add brief definition
- Parsec: Add brief definition -- Anthony Argyriou
- Planetary nebula: Add brief definition
- Pleiades: Add brief definition
- Precession: Add brief definition
- Proper motion: Add brief definition
- Pulsar: Add brief definition
- Quasar: Add brief definition
- Redshift: Add brief definition
- Solar eclipse: Add brief definition
- Solar wind: Add brief definition
- Star formation: Add brief definition
- Stellar evolution: Add brief definition
- Stellar parallax: Add brief definition
- Stellar populations: Add brief definition
- Sunspots: Add brief definition
- Tide: Add brief definition (also in Earth Sciences)
- Variable star: Add brief definition
- White dwarf: Add brief definition
- Henrietta Leavitt: Add brief definition
- Isaac Newton: (1642 -1727) English physicist and mathematician. [e]
- Edward C. Pikering: Add brief definition
- Henry Norris Russell: Add brief definition
- Harlow Shapley: Add brief definition
- ESA: Add brief definition
- RAS: Add brief definition
- Palomar Observatory: Add brief definition
- Annie Jump Cannon: Add brief definition
- Alvan Clark: Add brief definition
- George Ellery Hale: Add brief definition
- Edwin Hubble: Add brief definition
- Jacobus Kapteyn: Add brief definition
- Gerard Kuiper: Add brief definition
- Spectroscopy: Add brief definition
Already-written core articles in this workgroup
- Sun: The star that defines our solar system. [e]
- Constellation: Add brief definition
- Tycho Brahe: Add brief definition
- Venus: The second planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman goddess of love. [e]
- Mars: The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman god of war; also known as the "Red Planet". [e]
- Saturn: The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman god of agriculture and harvest. [e]
- Calendar: Add brief definition
- Galaxy: Add brief definition
- Galileo Galilei: Add brief definition
- NASA: Add brief definition
Biology
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Biology: The science of life. [e]
- Life: A dynamic system with homeostasis, compositionality, metabolism, growth, adaptation, irritability and reproduction [e]
Biochemistry
- Biochemistry: The chemistry of living things; a field of both biology and chemistry. [e]
- Metabolism: The modification of chemical substances by living organisms. [e]
- Ion channel: Add brief definition
- Protein synthesis: Add brief definition
- Oxidative phosphorylation: Add brief definition
- Anaerobic respiration: Add brief definition
- Active site: Add brief definition
- Adenosine triphosphate: Add brief definition
- Antibody: Add brief definition
- ATP synthase: Add brief definition
- Carbohydrate: Add brief definition
- Chemiosmosis: Add brief definition
- Electron transport chain: Add brief definition
- Enzyme kinetics: Add brief definition
- Fat: Add brief definition
- Glycoprotein: Add brief definition
- Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Add brief definition
- Monoclonal antibody: Add brief definition
- Myosin: Add brief definition
- Peptide: Add brief definition
- Protein phosphorylation: Add brief definition
- Polypeptide: Add brief definition
- Polysaccharide: Add brief definition
- Protein folding: Add brief definition
- Protein structure: Add brief definition
- Proteolysis: Add brief definition
- Receptor (biochemistry): Add brief definition
- Redox: Add brief definition
- Substrate (biology): Add brief definition
- Vitamin: Add brief definition
Biography
- Biography: Add brief definition
- Thomas Hunt Morgan: Add brief definition
- Gregor Mendel: Add brief definition
- Carolus Linnaeus: Add brief definition
- Lynn Margulis: Add brief definition
- Louis Pasteur: Add brief definition
Botany
- Botany: The study of plants and fungi (mycology). [e]
- Xylem: Add brief definition
- Photosynthesis: Add brief definition
- Ethylene: Add brief definition
- Action spectrum: Add brief definition
- Auxin: Add brief definition
- Calvin cycle: Add brief definition
- Cellulose: Add brief definition
- Chlorophyll: Add brief definition
- Gibberellin: Add brief definition
- Gravitropism: Add brief definition
- Leaf: Add brief definition
- Phloem: Add brief definition
- Plasmolysis: Add brief definition
- Root: Add brief definition
- Seed: Add brief definition
- Starch: Add brief definition
- Stoma: Add brief definition
- Thylakoid: Add brief definition
Cell Biology
- Cell Biology: Add brief definition
- Phospholipid bilayer: Add brief definition
- Flagellum: Add brief definition
- Cell nucleus: Add brief definition
- Chloroplast: Add brief definition
- Mitochondrion: Add brief definition -- Thomas Simmons
- Apoptosis: Add brief definition
- Biological membrane: An amphiliphilic envelope of cells and subcellular structural units [e]
- Cell division: Add brief definition
- Cell wall: Add brief definition
- Cytoplasm: Add brief definition
- Cytosol: Add brief definition
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Add brief definition
- Fluid mosaic model: Add brief definition
- Golgi apparatus: Add brief definition
- Microtubules: Add brief definition
- Organelle: Add brief definition
- Phagocytosis: Add brief definition
- Pseudopod: Add brief definition
- Ribosome: Add brief definition
- Signal transduction: Add brief definition
- Vacuole: Add brief definition
- Vesicle (biology): Add brief definition
Developmental Biology
Ecology
- Ecology: The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms and how they are affected by the environment. [e]
- Habitat (ecology): Add brief definition
- Chemoautotrophic: Add brief definition
- Parasitism: Add brief definition
- Carbon cycle: Add brief definition
- Carnivore: Add brief definition
- Ecological niche: Add brief definition
- Fundamental niche: Add brief definition
- Growth curve: Add brief definition
- Herbivore: Add brief definition
- Hibernation: Add brief definition
- Insectivores: Add brief definition
- Invasive species: Add brief definition
- Nitrogen cycle: Add brief definition
- Population: Add brief definition
- Predation: Add brief definition
- Symbiosis: Add brief definition
- Thermocline: Add brief definition
Evolution
- Evolution: A change over time in the proportions of individual organisms differing genetically. [e]
- Microevolution: Add brief definition
- Speciation: An event that produces two lineages that become separate species. [e]
- Phylogeny: Add brief definition
- Endosymbiosis: Add brief definition
- Adaptation: Describes the event of a trait being selected by the mechanism of natural selection. [e]
- Convergent evolution: Add brief definition
- Evolution of cells: The birth of cells marked the passage from pre-biotic chemistry to partitioned units resembling modern cells. [e]
- Evolutionary tree: Add brief definition
- Fossilization: The set of geological processes that convert organic remains into fossils. [e]
- Genetic drift: Describes how some alleles either increase or decrease in a population due to chance events. [e]
- Homology (biology): Add brief definition
- Macroevolution: Add brief definition
- Molecular clock: Add brief definition
- Monophyletic: Add brief definition
- Muller's ratchet: Add brief definition
Genetics
- Horizontal gene transfer: Add brief definition
- Genetics: The study of the inheritance of characteristics, genes and DNA. [e]
- DNA: A macromolecule that stores genetic information. Chemically, a nucleic acid. [e]
- Mitosis: Add brief definition
- Genetic code: Add brief definition
- Chromosome: Add brief definition
- Mendelian inheritance: Add brief definition
- Acquired characteristics: Add brief definition
- Adaptive radiation: Add brief definition
- Allele: A gene flavor and one of a pair in a cell (one per chromosome). For example, Mendel used two different alleles for seed shape, one allele for round seeds (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). [e]