Welcome to Citizendium

Natural Sciences     Social Sciences     Humanities     Arts     Applied Arts and Sciences     Recreation      Click on the buttons above for workgroups An encyclopedia project—and more! Welcome to Citizendium, an endeavor to provide free knowledge with the highest standards of writing, reliability, and comprehensiveness. We welcome anyone who wants to share information by writing well-researched and authoritative articles on virtually any subject. Please read through our easy registration procedures, then join us as an Author and perhaps also as a recognised expert Editor. We have 17,709 articles at different stages of development, of which 0 are expert-approved. Our community is collegial and congenial; everyone writes under his or her verified real name. Even this, our home page, can be edited by any Citizen. We welcome anyone who has knowledge, broad or narrow, about any subject. Sign up—we need Authors, and from amongst them, Editors. We prefer new material over improving other sites' work. tudents in higher education write here as part of their courses under our Eduzendium initiative. We have a Charter to provide a framework for governance. See our own Citizendium article for the history of the project. Why Citizendium? | Myths and Facts | Why we contribute to CZ Follow us on Friendfeed, Twitter (general news; new pages), Facebook or Google+. Join us Join here and start a new article or improve existing ones. See Recent Changes—an overview of articles we are writing now. Get started: How to collaborate | CZ:Quick Start Wikipedians are very welcome! Comment on articles nominated for approval. You can discuss any article on its Talk page. From HERE, you can get started, get technical help, see our policies, and explore our articles and organization. Our help system (still under development) We Need Support From Donations! Please help! We have a continuing need for funds to pay for hosting our servers. See our CZ:Financial report for complete details. Please make your donations here. See also WatchKnowLearn, a free, non-profit, K-12 educational video website which Citizendium founder Larry Sanger also helped to start.

Some of our finest Approved Articles (0) Developed Articles (1,149) (17,709 total articles) Every minute of every day, millions of curious apes click billions of links, each tracing their own miniature voyages of discovery. — Martin Robbins in a blog post for The Guardian        —add a quotation about knowledge or writing •Did You Know? Featured Article about Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte or, after 1804, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French) was a world historic figure and dictator of France from 1799 to 1814. He was the greatest general of his age--perhaps any age, with a sure command of battlefield tactics and campaign strategies, As a civil leader he played a major role in the French Revolution, then ended it when he became dictator in 1799 and Emperor of France in 1804 He modernized the French military, fiscal, political legal and religious systems. He fought an unending series of wars against Britain with a complex, ever-changing coalition of European nations on both sides. Refusing to compromise after his immense defeat in Russia in 1812, he was overwhelmed by a coalition of enemies and abdicated in 1814. In 1815 he returned from exile, took control of France, built a new army, and in 100 days almost succeeded--but was defeated at Waterloo and exiled to a remote island. His image and memory are central to French national identity, but he is despised by the British and Russians and is a controversial figure in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Rise to Power Once the Revolution had begun, so many of the aristocratic officers turned against the Revolutionary government, or were exiled or executed, that a vacuum of senior leadership resulted. Promotions came very quickly now, and loyalty to the Revolution was as important as technical skill; Napoleon had both. His demerits were overlooked as he was twice reinstated, promoted, and allowed to collect his back pay. Paris knew him as an intellectual soldier deeply involved in politics. His first test of military genius came at Toulon in 1793, where the British had seized this key port. Napoleon, an acting Lieutenant-Colonel, used his artillery to force the British to abandon the city. He was immediately promoted by the Jacobin radicals under Robespierre to brigadier-general, joining the ranks of several brilliant young generals. He played a major role in defending Paris itself from counter-revolutionaries, and became the operational planner for the Army of Italy and planned two successful attacks in April 1794. He married Josephine (Rose de Beauharnais) in 1796, after falling violently in love with the older aristocratic widow. Footnotes