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{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

...response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a [[hormone]] or [[neurotransmitter]]. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism,

These include the [[neurotransmitter]] Substance P which transmits [[pain]].

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

...napses'', neurons transmit information using chemical messengers, called [[neurotransmitter]]s. At ''electrical synapses'', the presynaptic and postsynaptic cell membr ...stsynaptic density serve a myriad of roles, from anchoring and trafficking neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane, to anchoring various proteins.

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

ATP also fulfils all the criteria of a [[neurotransmitter]].<ref name="pmid18029057">{{cite journal |author=Zimmermann H |title=ATP a

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

...hetamine ingested into the human body drastically increases the release of neurotransmitter [[dopamine]] and stimulates the [[brain cell]]s. It is highly [[addiction|a

..., or 'depolarized'. This depolarization causes [[vesicles]] to release [[neurotransmitter]] into the synapse.

...s]] (terminals in the dendrites). Electrical pulses produce a release of [[neurotransmitter|neurotransmitters]] which may alter the dendritic membrane potential (''pos

...this figure is to show that (irrespective of the mechanisms of action) any neurotransmitter is capable of exerting opposing effects (e.g., increasing anxiety or ‘anx ...pheres differ in the types of cells (neurons as well as glia), as also the neurotransmitter receptor subtypes' distribution and the functional architecture.

...sub>) involved in many physiological processes. Histamine functions as a [[neurotransmitter]] in the [[central nervous system]], affects smooth muscle and gastric acid

{{r|Neurotransmitter}}

...o their nerve endings, depolarisation of which results in the release of [[neurotransmitter]]s, which cross the cleft ([[synapse]]s) between the nerve endings and othe

...onored him for his work on the release and reuptake of [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s, a class of chemicals in the brain that include [[epinephrine]], [[norep ...ibitor]]s (SSRIs), such as [[Prozac]], which block the reuptake of another neurotransmitter, serotonin.

...s the death or inability of cells in the substantia nigra to produce the [[neurotransmitter]], [[dopamine]]; dopamine replacement and modulation is at the center of me

...cessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{MeSH|Cell surface receptors}}</ref> Examples are [[neurotransmitter]]s and [[biogenic amine receptor]]s.

...tion/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule ([[hormone]], [[neurotransmitter]]) is mediated via the coupling of a [[cell surface receptor|receptor]]/enz

...s an analog of [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the [[central nervous system]]. Although pregabaliln does not act on G

...mical]] techniques required to visualize [[neurotransmitter]]s and their [[neurotransmitter receptor|receptors]], and moved on to new techniques to study the [[gene ex

In [[pharmacology]], '''zolpidem''' is an agonist of the inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA). Zolpidem's pharmacological action is

...ath>\alpha</math>-amino nitrogen by transamination. Glutamate is a major [[neurotransmitter]] in the brain.

...estinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a [[neurotransmitter]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref>

...ptide Y]] and [[agouti-related peptide]] - and uses GABA as a conventional neurotransmitter.

...essant]] that has unusual chemistry: it inhibits the reuptake of several [[neurotransmitter]]s depending on dose. In other words, it is an atypical second-generation

...Y); another peptide, [[agouti-related protein]] (AGRP); and the inhibitory neurotransmitter [[GABA]]. These neurons, in the most ventromedial part of the nucleus, proj ...[cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulating transcript]] (CART), and some make the neurotransmitter [[acetylcholine]]. These neurons project to many brain areas, including to

An '''endocannabinoid''' ('''endo'''genous '''cannabinoid''') is a neurotransmitter created in the brain which binds to cannabinoid receptors. The two types of

[[Gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA) the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.<ref name="isbn0-07-145153-6">{{cite book |au

...opamine''' is a [[sympathomimetic]] and is "one of the [[catecholamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s in the brain. It is derived from [[tyrosine]] and is the precursor to no ...pamine plasma membrane transport protein]]s are "sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the plasma membrane of dopaminergic neurons

...''' (GABA) or <math>\gamma</math>-aminobutyrate, is the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the [[central nervous system]].<ref name="isbn0-07-145153-6">{{cite bo

...mines, including [[dopamine]], [[serotonin]], and [[acetylcholine]], are [[neurotransmitter]]s. ...tor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter."<ref name="MeSH-Histamine">{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh

...in many organisms including [[homo sapiens|humans]]. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in all [[autonomic ganglia]]. ...enry Hallett Dale]] for its actions on heart tissue. It was confirmed as a neurotransmitter by [[Otto Loewi]] who initially gave it the name [[vagusstoff]] because it

The NPY/AgRP neurones use [[GABA]] as a conventional [[neurotransmitter]]. Transgenic mice engineered to be deficient from birth in either NPY or A

...[half-lives]], so stopping them abruptly causes a more rapid change in the neurotransmitter balance in the brain than many other antidepressants. Many non-addictive p Endorphins stimulate release of the [[neurotransmitter]] [[dopamine]]. Increased dopamine activity is often met by a decrease in t

...underactivity of the [[serotonin]] and [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA) neurotransmitter systems.

PMID 15089982</ref><ref>Ludwig M, Pittman QJ (2003) Talking back: dendritic neurotransmitter release ''Trends Neurosci'' 26:255-61. Review. PMID 12744842</ref> .... Most of these inputs use either [[glutamate]] or [[GABA]] as a primary [[neurotransmitter]], and many of these derive from anterior brain regions adjacent to the wal

...ch in placebo analgesia and other conditions has demonstrated that several neurotransmitter systems, such as opiate and dopamine, are involved with the placebo effect.

<ref>Burnard DM, Pittman QJ, Macvicar BA (1991) Neurotransmitter-mediated changes in the electrophysiological properties of pituicytes. ''J

...contain either the inhibitory neurotransmitter [[GABA]] or the excitatory neurotransmitter [[glutamate]], but these transmitters often co-exist with various peptides

...This bacteria effects the nervous system, by effecting the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Without acetylcholine muscles will not contract and paralys Botulinum toxin works inside the presynaptic terminal to block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from being released. The toxin works by binding to the neuro

[[Neurotransmitter|Neurotransmitters]] are the proteins that sent signals from [[neuron|neuron

...lease process.<ref>{{cite journal | author=D. Sulzer | title=Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review | journal=Prog. Neurobiol. | year=2005 | ...e combined effects rapidly increase the concentrations of the respective [[neurotransmitter]]s in the [[synaptic cleft]], which promotes nerve impulse transmission in

...is an analog of [[gamma-aminobutyric acid]] (GABA), the major inhibitory [[neurotransmitter]] in the [[central nervous system]]. Gabapentin is centrally active agonist

...hibits the NPY neurons,causing a decrease in the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter [[GABA]] (which is synthesised by NPY neurons). This "disinhibits" the POMC

...the spinal cord. These neurons release [[glutamate]], a major exicitory [[neurotransmitter]] that relays signals from one neuron to another.

...e release of mu-[[opioid peptide]]s in brain, while ‘wanting’ involves the neurotransmitter [[dopamine]] <ref>Berridge KC (2007) The debate over dopamine’s role in r ...' – Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens has been said to act as a "pleasure" neurotransmitter. Not all rewards activate the reward system, suggesting that the mesolimbi

Another chemical messenger with implications for aggression is the neurotransmitter [[serotonin]]. In various experiments, an serotonin was shown to have a neg ...mitters and hormones have been show to relate to aggressive behaviour. The neurotransmitter vasopressin causes an increase in aggressive behaviour when present in larg