Spacecraft: Difference between revisions

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'''Spacecraft''' is a generic term used to describe all vehicles that are designed to fly in space.  Normally this would apply to vehicles that reach [[orbit]].  However, '''spacecraft''' is also used to describe vehicles that reach space, normally defined as 100,000 meters altitude, on a [[sub-orbital]] flight.
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A [[satellite]] is an object that orbits the earth, or other space body.  A satellite can either be natural (e.g. a moon) or artificial.  Artifical satellites can either be manned or unmanned.
'''Spacecraft''' is a generic term used to describe all vehicles that are designed to fly in space.  Normally this would apply to vehicles that reach [[orbit]], or travel beyond the Earth.  However, '''spacecraft''' is also used to describe vehicles that reach space, normally defined as 100 kilometers (62 miles) altitude, on a [[sub-orbital]] flight.
 
A [[satellite]] is an object that orbits the earth, or other space body.  A satellite can either be natural (e.g. a moon) or artificial.  Artificial satellites can either be manned or unmanned.


==Classes of Spacecraft==
==Classes of Spacecraft==


===Manned Spacecraft===
===Manned Spacecraft===
* [[Apollo]]
====Orbital (Satellites)====
* [[Project Apollo|Apollo]]
* [[Gemini]]
* [[Gemini]]
* [[ISS]] - International Space Station
* [[Project Mercury|Mercury]]
* [[Project Mercury|Mercury]]
* [[Mir]]
* [[Mir]]
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* [[Soyuz-TM]]
* [[Soyuz-TM]]
* [[Space Shuttle]]
* [[Space Shuttle]]
* [[SpaceShipOne]]
* [[Vostok]]
* [[Vostok]]
* [[Voskhod]]
* [[Voskhod]]
====Sub-orbital (Ballistic)====
* [[SpaceShipOne]]
* [[X-15]]
* [[X-15]]


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* [[Arabsat]]
* [[Arabsat]]
* [[Astra]]
* [[Astra]]
* [[BSB]]
* [[Aussat]]
* [[BSB]] – British Satellite Broadcasting
* [[Cosmos]]
* [[Cosmos]]
* [[Direct-TV]]
* [[Direct-TV]]
* [[Discover]]
* [[Discover]]
* [[ECS]]
* [[ECS]] – European Communications Satellite
* [[Echo]]
* [[Explorer 1]]
* [[Explorer 1]]
* [[Faisat]]
* [[GOES]] - [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite]] program
* [[GOES]] - [[Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite]] program
* [[HST]] – Hubble Space Telescope
* [[Ikonos]]
* [[Insat]]
* [[Insat]]
* [[Intelsat-2]]
* [[Intelsat-2]]
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* [[Meteosat]]
* [[Meteosat]]
* [[Milstar]]
* [[Milstar]]
* [[Morellos]]
* [[Nimbus]]
* [[Nimbus]]
* [[Ofex]]
* [[Ofeq]]
* [[OGO]]
* [[OGO]] – Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
* [[Olympus]]
* [[Olympus]]
* [[Oscar]]
* [[Oscar]]
* [[OSO]]
* [[OSO]] – Orbiting Solar Observatory
* [[OTS]]
* [[OTS-2]] – Orbital Test Satellite
* [[Progress]]
* [[Pageos]]
* [[Prospero X-3]]
* [[Palapa]]
* [[Polyot]]
* [[Polyus]]
* [[Prospero X-4]]
* [[Rocsat]]
* [[SBS]] – Satellite Business Systems
* [[SCORE]]
* [[SCORE]]
* [[SEDS]]
* [[Sirius Satellite Radio]]
* [[Sirius Satellite Radio]]
* [[Skipper]]
* [[Skynet-1]]
* [[Skynet-1]]
* [[Skynet-2]]
* [[Skynet-2]]
* [[Skynet-3]]
* [[Skynet-3]]
* [[Skynet-4]]
* [[Skynet-4]]
* [[SPOT]]
* [[SPOT]] - Satellite Pour Observation de la Terre
* [[Sputnik]]
* [[Sputnik]] - first artificial satellite (1957)
* [[Symphonie]]
* [[Symphonie]]
* [[Syncom]]
* [[Syncom]]
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* [[Uhuru]]
* [[Uhuru]]
* [[UK X-4]]
* [[UK X-4]]
* [[Vanguard]]
* [[Worldspace]]
* [[Worldspace]]
* [[Wresat]]
* [[Wresat]]
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===Lunar Probes===
===Lunar Probes===


* [[Clementine]]
* [[Lunar Prospector]]
* [[Project Luna|Luna]]
* [[Project Luna|Luna]]
* [[Lunar Orbiter]]
* [[Lunar Orbiter]]
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* [[Surveyor]]
* [[Surveyor]]


===Planetary Probes===
===Interplanetary Probes===
* [[Viking 1]]
 
* [[Deep Space-1]]
* [[GALEX]]
* [[ICE]] - International Comet Explorer
* [[ISEE]] - International Sun-Earth Explorer
* [[Pioneer-4]]
* [[Pioneer-5]]
* [[Pioneer-6]]
* [[Pioneer-7]]
* [[Pioneer-8]]
* [[Shoemaker]] - aka NEAR - Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous
* [[Stardust]]
* [[Ulysses]] - aka ISPM (International Solar Polar Mission)
 
====Mars====
* [[Mariner-4]]
* [[Mariner-6]]
* [[Mariner-7]]
* [[Mariner-9]]
* [[Mars probe program|Mars]]
* [[Mars Express]]
* [[Mars Pathfinder]]
* [[Mars Pathfinder]]
* [[Mars Sojourner]]
* [[Phobos]]
* [[Spirit rover]]
* [[Spirit rover]]
* [[Opportunity rover]]
* [[Opportunity rover]]
* [[Viking 1]]


===Interplanetary Probes===
====Mercury====
* [[Voyager 1]]
* [[Mariner-10]] - via Venus
* [[GALEX]]
 
* [[Galileo Probe]]
====Saturn====
* [[Cassini–Huygens]]
* [[Cassini–Huygens]]
* [[Pioneer-10]] - via Jupiter
* [[Pioneer-11]] - via Jupiter
* [[Voyager 1]] - via Jupiter
====Halley's Comet====
* [[Giotto]]
* [[Vega]]
====Jupiter====
* [[Galileo probe]]
====Venus====
* [[Mariner-2]]
* [[Pioneer-Venus]]
* [[Venera]]
====Outer Planets====
* [[Voyager 2]] - Uranus and Neptune via Jupiter and Saturn


===Sounding Rockets===
===Sounding Rockets===
* [[Aerobee]]
* [[Aerobee]]
* [[Black Brandt]]
* [[Black Knight]]
* [[Bumper]]
* [[Skylark]]
* [[Vertikal]]
* [[V-2]] - first spacecraft (1944), initially a military weapon, later used as sounding rocket.


==Spacecraft in Literature & Art==
==Spacecraft in Literature & Art==
* [[Bellerophon]] - Colonist ship named in [[Forbidden Planet]]
* [[Bellerophon]] - Colonist ship named in [[Forbidden Planet]]
* [[Starship Enterprise]] - Inter-stellar ship from the [[Star Trek]] series.
* [[Starship Enterprise]] - Interstellar ship from the [[Star Trek]] series.
* [[Serenity]] - Inter-stellar ship from the [[Firefly]] television series.
* [[Serenity]] - Interstellar ship from the [[Firefly]] television series.


==External Links==
==External Links==
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===Media & Articles===
===Media & Articles===
[[Category:Engineering Workgroup]]
[[Category:Astronomy Workgroup]]

Latest revision as of 11:51, 31 December 2022

This article is developing and not approved.
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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Spacecraft&printable=yes
This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

Spacecraft is a generic term used to describe all vehicles that are designed to fly in space. Normally this would apply to vehicles that reach orbit, or travel beyond the Earth. However, spacecraft is also used to describe vehicles that reach space, normally defined as 100 kilometers (62 miles) altitude, on a sub-orbital flight.

A satellite is an object that orbits the earth, or other space body. A satellite can either be natural (e.g. a moon) or artificial. Artificial satellites can either be manned or unmanned.

Classes of Spacecraft

Manned Spacecraft

Orbital (Satellites)

Sub-orbital (Ballistic)

Earth Orbit Satellites

Lunar Probes

Interplanetary Probes

Mars

Mercury

Saturn

Halley's Comet

Jupiter

Venus

Outer Planets

  • Voyager 2 - Uranus and Neptune via Jupiter and Saturn

Sounding Rockets

Spacecraft in Literature & Art

External Links

References


See also

Media & Articles

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