Fire: Difference between revisions
imported>Jasper Wubs m (internal links) |
imported>Robert W King No edit summary |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
* this reaction produces a visible, incandescent body of heated [[gas]] which sustains the reaction until either the fuel is expended or there is no more oxygen available to the reaction | * this reaction produces a visible, incandescent body of heated [[gas]] which sustains the reaction until either the fuel is expended or there is no more oxygen available to the reaction | ||
As long as all three properties of heat, oxygen, and fuel are present a fire will continue to burn. Removing one of these elements will either remove the ability for a fire to start or will extinguish it. | As long as all three properties of heat, oxygen, and fuel are present a fire will continue to burn. Removing any one of these elements will either remove the ability for a fire to start or will extinguish it. | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
It's hard to say when or where fire was first observed or discovered. Evidence from an excavation in the Benot Ya'aqov region of [[Israel]] have turned up burned fragments of flint and wood<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/earth_sciences/report-28544.html|title=Earliest evidence of use of fire in Eurasia discovered in Hebrew University Excavations at Benot Ya’aqov | It's hard to say when or where fire was first observed or discovered. Evidence from an excavation in the Benot Ya'aqov region of [[Israel]] have turned up burned fragments of flint and wood<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/earth_sciences/report-28544.html|title=Earliest evidence of use of fire in Eurasia discovered in Hebrew University Excavations at Benot Ya’aqov | ||
|date=2004-04-30|author=Barach, Jerry|accessdate=08-09-2007}}</ref> that date from the Acheulian culture(1.8 to 250,000 years ago), are some of the earliest available records of fire use in [[Eurasia]]. Evidence in the form of burnt bone in [[Africa]] was additionally discovered in 1986 when Bob Brain discovered a deposit approximately 6 meters thick in Swartkrans<ref>{{cite journal|year=1994|journal=New Scientist|author=Armstrong, Sue|number=1933|pages=33|title=South Africa - The Missing Pieces}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|year=2005|journal=Discover|author=Levin, Eric|pages=44|title=First Campfire Discovered in South Africa}}</ref>. This finding possibly predated by a million years a discovery in Zhoukoudian, China, associated with Peking Man (H. erectus) circa 400,000 years ago<ref>{{cite journal|year=1998|journal=Science|volume=281|pages=251-253|title=Evidence for the use of fire at Zhoukoudian, China|author=Weiner, Steve et al}}</ref>. Whenever it was actually discovered, fire was an integral part of [[human]] [[culture]] and survival. | |date=2004-04-30|author=Barach, Jerry|accessdate=08-09-2007}}</ref> that date from the Acheulian culture(1.8 to 250,000 years ago), are some of the earliest available records of fire use in [[Eurasia]]. Evidence in the form of burnt bone in [[Africa]] was additionally discovered in 1986 when Bob Brain discovered a deposit approximately 6 meters thick in Swartkrans<ref>{{cite journal|year=1994|journal=New Scientist|author=Armstrong, Sue|number=1933|pages=33|title=South Africa - The Missing Pieces}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|year=2005|journal=Discover|author=Levin, Eric|pages=44|title=First Campfire Discovered in South Africa}}</ref>. This finding possibly predated by a million years a discovery in Zhoukoudian, China, associated with Peking Man (H. erectus) circa 400,000 years ago<ref>{{cite journal|year=1998|journal=Science|volume=281|pages=251-253|title=Evidence for the use of fire at Zhoukoudian, China|author=Weiner, Steve et al}}</ref>. Whenever it was actually discovered, fire was an integral part of [[human]] [[culture]] and survival. | ||
===Characteristics=== | |||
Because fire is an observable effect, the varying properties can be identified. The height of the flame, for example, is usually dependant on the heat release rate of the fuel (the heat available or released(intensity) per square space, usually measured in Kw(Kilowatts) or Mw/sq.m.(Megawatts per square meter)) and the available oxygen consumption given the location of the fire<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firesleuth.com/FAQ.htm|title=FAQ - Fire and arson, explosions, fire science, forensic engineering, and other fire related topics|author=Jones, Sr., Barry R. CFI|date=05-18-2003|accessdate=08-10-2007}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 11:14, 10 August 2007
Fire is an observable side effect produced by an exothermal chemical reaction. Fire is usually produced as a result of a thermal interaction between oxygen and a fuel source (wood, or gasoline, for example).
The typical steps to create fire are as follows:
- a fuel source is affected by heat until it reaches its ignition temperature
- oxidation occurs; oxygen molecules break down larger molecules into carbon dioxide and water vapour
- this reaction produces a visible, incandescent body of heated gas which sustains the reaction until either the fuel is expended or there is no more oxygen available to the reaction
As long as all three properties of heat, oxygen, and fuel are present a fire will continue to burn. Removing any one of these elements will either remove the ability for a fire to start or will extinguish it.
History
It's hard to say when or where fire was first observed or discovered. Evidence from an excavation in the Benot Ya'aqov region of Israel have turned up burned fragments of flint and wood[1] that date from the Acheulian culture(1.8 to 250,000 years ago), are some of the earliest available records of fire use in Eurasia. Evidence in the form of burnt bone in Africa was additionally discovered in 1986 when Bob Brain discovered a deposit approximately 6 meters thick in Swartkrans[2][3]. This finding possibly predated by a million years a discovery in Zhoukoudian, China, associated with Peking Man (H. erectus) circa 400,000 years ago[4]. Whenever it was actually discovered, fire was an integral part of human culture and survival.
Characteristics
Because fire is an observable effect, the varying properties can be identified. The height of the flame, for example, is usually dependant on the heat release rate of the fuel (the heat available or released(intensity) per square space, usually measured in Kw(Kilowatts) or Mw/sq.m.(Megawatts per square meter)) and the available oxygen consumption given the location of the fire[5]
References
- ↑ Barach, Jerry (2004-04-30). Earliest evidence of use of fire in Eurasia discovered in Hebrew University Excavations at Benot Ya’aqov. Retrieved on 08-09-2007.
- ↑ Armstrong, Sue (1994). "South Africa - The Missing Pieces". New Scientist: 33.
- ↑ Levin, Eric (2005). "First Campfire Discovered in South Africa". Discover: 44.
- ↑ Weiner, Steve et al (1998). "Evidence for the use of fire at Zhoukoudian, China". Science 281: 251-253.
- ↑ Jones, Sr., Barry R. CFI (05-18-2003). FAQ - Fire and arson, explosions, fire science, forensic engineering, and other fire related topics. Retrieved on 08-10-2007.