CZ:Featured article/Current: Difference between revisions

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== '''[[Digital rights management]]''' ==
== '''[[Dokdo]]''' ==
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{{Image|Map of Dokdo.png|center|350px|Coordinates: 37° 14´ N, 131° 52´ E<ref name="koreapdf">[http://www.korea.net/news/issue/attach/45_9095_1_en.pdf Part I: Profile of Dokdo]</ref>}}
'''Dokdo''' is a small group of volcanic rocks located in the [[Sea of Japan]]. [[South Korea]] administers the islets as an area of the [[Ulleung|Ulleung County]], Northern [[Gyeongsang|Gyeongsang Province]]. The 46-acre formation consists of two main islands that house a lighthouse, a helicopter pad, and a small police force. Because Dokdo shelters a rich but delicate ecosystem, the government has designated the islets as a nature reserve and has provided environmental guidelines for the visiting tourists. The sovereignty over Dokdo has been contested by [[Japan]] over historical and legal grounds and remains one of the more serious disputes between South Korea and its former colonial ruler. Since at least 1905, the islands were called, in Japanese, '''Takeshima''' (竹島), meaning the "bamboo island". The Korean name has many different transliterations in English, including "Tok-do", "Dok-to", and "Tok Islets" (<span style="font-family: Batang, Serif">독도</span>), all of which equate to "rocky island". The islets have two English titles: '''Liancourt Rocks''' and '''Hornet Rocks'''. "Liancourt" has its origin in the name of the French whaling ship that first encountered and charted the islets in 1849.


'''Digital rights management (DRM)''' refers to the laws and technologies which provide intellectual property owners control over the distribution and use of their material by controlling consumers' use of it. The claimed goals are to prevent copying of digital media and to restrict access and content use to what is allowed by [[copyright]] law.<ref name=Bates>Bates, BJ. (2008) 'Commentary: Value and Digital Rights Management-A Social Economics Approach', Journal of Media Economics, 21:1, 53-77</ref>
''[[Dokdo|.... (read more)]]''
 
Critics refer to it as "Digital ''Restrictions'' Management", and argue that many of the restrictions it enforces go well beyond the rights granted by law.
 
===History===
Copyright law is the earliest form of [[intellectual property]] protection.  This area of law developed for print media, long before copying machines and digital media, and has not necessarily kept pace with technology.
==== Legal Background ====
The [[Copyright|copyright]] since its formal creation in 1710 by the British [[Statute of Anne]] and its inclusion in the [[U.S. Constitution]]<ref name=Bennett>Bennett, S. (1999) 'Authors' Rights', Journal of Electronic Publishing, vol. 5, no. 2, Dec., 1999</ref> has been the main protection scheme for intellectual property rights for creative information goods and services.
 
Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the [[U.S. Constitution]]:
''"To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."''
 
[[Copyright]] law grants exclusive legal ownership of information under specific conditions and terms. Through two major revisions of U.S. copyright law in 1909 and 1976,<ref name=CopyAct1976>{{citation
| title = Copyright Act (17 U.S.C.) Index
| url =  http://www.bitlaw.com/source/17usc/
| first = Daniel A. | last = Tysver }}</ref>
the range of content and media forms covered by legislation were expanded.
 
During the pre-digital era, large-scale copying was expensive and usually resulted in degraded content. The development of electronic and digital media transformed the production and distribution of information goods and services. In digital form, the content could be copied perfectly or easily converted to another form or format, and thus lifted the physical constraints of copying.  The rise of digital media and networks made sharing and copying not only easier for traditional information "pirates", but also made it easier for individuals.  Unlike the "pirates" whose unauthorized copies were for commercial gain, individual copying stems from behavioral norms from traditions of [[fair use]] and first-sale rights.
 
''[[Digital rights management|.... (read more)]]''


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Revision as of 02:03, 10 August 2012

Dokdo

(CC) Image: Chunbum Park
Coordinates: 37° 14´ N, 131° 52´ E[1]

Dokdo is a small group of volcanic rocks located in the Sea of Japan. South Korea administers the islets as an area of the Ulleung County, Northern Gyeongsang Province. The 46-acre formation consists of two main islands that house a lighthouse, a helicopter pad, and a small police force. Because Dokdo shelters a rich but delicate ecosystem, the government has designated the islets as a nature reserve and has provided environmental guidelines for the visiting tourists. The sovereignty over Dokdo has been contested by Japan over historical and legal grounds and remains one of the more serious disputes between South Korea and its former colonial ruler. Since at least 1905, the islands were called, in Japanese, Takeshima (竹島), meaning the "bamboo island". The Korean name has many different transliterations in English, including "Tok-do", "Dok-to", and "Tok Islets" (독도), all of which equate to "rocky island". The islets have two English titles: Liancourt Rocks and Hornet Rocks. "Liancourt" has its origin in the name of the French whaling ship that first encountered and charted the islets in 1849.

.... (read more)

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