French words in English: Difference between revisions
imported>Hayford Peirce (removed Curacao with its little squiggle after rechecking -- it comes from the Dutch, not the French; I was in Curacao once, the island, not the bottle, and it's sure full of Dutch ppl....) |
imported>Ro Thorpe (stressing zhãir) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{subpages}} | {{subpages}} | ||
There have been '''French words in English''' since the time of [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]]. For example, he imported those that end in -sion or -tion (though he often also spelt them -cion or -cioun). More recent additions are ménû, machìne (-sh-), façàde (*fəssàd), crèpe and elìte (the accents show stress and pronunciation, see [[English phonemes]]). English more-or-less French pronunciation is typified by the proper names *Cítron, *Përzho and *Rénno for Cítroen, Pëugeot and Rénault. Pronouncing French words too Frenchly sounds pretentious in an English context. Why say '[[Stephane Grapelly|Stephàne Grapellỳ]]' when it is so much easier to say *Stéfən Grəpélly? [[Boulougne]] (*Bəlŏin, as opposed to French 'Bûlónyə') and Páris (with s sounded) have anglicised pronunciations, as do the painters [[Edgar Degas|Dègàs]] (*Dâygà for *Dəgá - the name was originally de Gas) and [[Auguste Renoir|Rénoir]] (*Rénwà instead of *Rənwàr - the anglicised pronunciations are of course spurned by those anglophones who have learnt French, but even they would not normally in an English context pronounce the final r in Renoir); by contrast the more recently famous Nigér has a French-style pronunciation, * | There have been '''French words in English''' since the time of [[Geoffrey Chaucer|Chaucer]]. For example, he imported those that end in -sion or -tion (though he often also spelt them -cion or -cioun). More recent additions are ménû, machìne (-sh-), façàde (*fəssàd), crèpe and elìte (the accents show stress and pronunciation, see [[English phonemes]]). English more-or-less French pronunciation is typified by the proper names *Cítron, *Përzho and *Rénno for Cítroen, Pëugeot and Rénault. Pronouncing French words too Frenchly sounds pretentious in an English context. Why say '[[Stephane Grapelly|Stephàne Grapellỳ]]' when it is so much easier to say *Stéfən Grəpélly? [[Boulougne]] (*Bəlŏin, as opposed to French 'Bûlónyə') and Páris (with s sounded) have anglicised pronunciations, as do the painters [[Edgar Degas|Dègàs]] (*Dâygà for *Dəgá - the name was originally de Gas) and [[Auguste Renoir|Rénoir]] (*Rénwà instead of *Rənwàr - the anglicised pronunciations are of course spurned by those anglophones who have learnt French, but even they would not normally in an English context pronounce the final r in Renoir); by contrast the more recently famous Nigér has a French-style pronunciation, *Nì-zhãir - in contrast to Nigêria (*Nîjêria). | ||
But many more French words and phrases are less assimilated than those above, and they are often written, like other foreign words, in italics. They can retain their written French accents in (especially British) English. None of these accents should be regarded as compulsory in English, but they are often used. | But many more French words and phrases are less assimilated than those above, and they are often written, like other foreign words, in italics. They can retain their written French accents in (especially British) English. None of these accents should be regarded as compulsory in English, but they are often used. | ||
Revision as of 13:03, 17 March 2008
There have been French words in English since the time of Chaucer. For example, he imported those that end in -sion or -tion (though he often also spelt them -cion or -cioun). More recent additions are ménû, machìne (-sh-), façàde (*fəssàd), crèpe and elìte (the accents show stress and pronunciation, see English phonemes). English more-or-less French pronunciation is typified by the proper names *Cítron, *Përzho and *Rénno for Cítroen, Pëugeot and Rénault. Pronouncing French words too Frenchly sounds pretentious in an English context. Why say 'Stephàne Grapellỳ' when it is so much easier to say *Stéfən Grəpélly? Boulougne (*Bəlŏin, as opposed to French 'Bûlónyə') and Páris (with s sounded) have anglicised pronunciations, as do the painters Dègàs (*Dâygà for *Dəgá - the name was originally de Gas) and Rénoir (*Rénwà instead of *Rənwàr - the anglicised pronunciations are of course spurned by those anglophones who have learnt French, but even they would not normally in an English context pronounce the final r in Renoir); by contrast the more recently famous Nigér has a French-style pronunciation, *Nì-zhãir - in contrast to Nigêria (*Nîjêria).
But many more French words and phrases are less assimilated than those above, and they are often written, like other foreign words, in italics. They can retain their written French accents in (especially British) English. None of these accents should be regarded as compulsory in English, but they are often used.
List of French words
This is a list of words that may retain their French written accents, or be written in italics, or have a strange or little-known pronunciation in English, in any combination. The accents in the pronunciation column show stress and pronunciation (see English phonemes).
| Spelling, French accents optional | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| à deux | *à-də |
| aileron | âileron |
| à la carte | *àlà-càrt |
| à la mode | *àlà-môde |
| blancmange | *bləmànzh |
| blasé | *blàzây |
| bête noire | *bét-nwà(r) |
| bon mot | *bón-mô |
| bon ton | *bón-tón |
| bon vivant | *bon-vìvàn |
| boulevardier | boulevàrdiay |
| bouleversement | boôləvérsmón |
| boutonnière | boôtoni-ére |
| café | cáfè |
| canapé | cánapè |
| canard | cánard |
| cause célèbre | *côze-celébrə |
| chauffeur | shô-fër |
| cinema | |
| cinematheque | |
| cinemaphotograph | |
| cinema verite | |
| Cítroën ™ | *Sítrən |
| cliché | *clêeshây (AmE stresses 2nd syllable) |
| clientèle | *cleeontél |
| compère | cómpére host, cf. compãre contrast |
| confit | cónfì |
| confrère | cónfrére |
| coup de grace | *coôdəgràss |
| coup de théâtre[1] | *coôdətay-átrə |
| coupé | coûpè |
| cortège | *cŏr-tèzh |
| crème | créme |
| crèpe | crèpe |
| croque-monsieur | = crock old, pot *məsyə(r) |
| curé | |
| curetage | |
| curette or curet | |
| demimonde, demimondaine | démimonde, demimondâine |
| debâcle | debàcle |
| débris | BrE *débrêe or dèbrêe, AmE dəbrêe |
| début | *dèbyû or *débyû |
| débutant | *dèbyûtàn or *débyûtàn |
| déclassé | declássè |
| déjà vu | *dèzhà-vû |
| demimondaine | démimon-dâne |
| double-entendre | doôblon-tóndrə |
| douche | doôsh |
| éclair | eclãir |
| éclat | *è-clà |
| élan | *è-làn |
| émigré | émigrè |
| en fête | *ón-fét |
| enfant terrible | *ónfànté-rìbl |
| engagé | *ongázhây |
| entrée | *óntrây |
| exposé | *expôzây, cf. expôse |
| façade | *fassàd |
| fête garden | = fâte destiny |
| fiancé man, fiancée woman | *fì-ànsây |
| flânerie | *flánə-rìe |
| flâneur | *flanëur |
| folie à deux | *folìà-dë |
| frottage | *frótàzh |
| fusilage | *fûsilàzh |
| honi soit qui mal y pense | *ónny-swà-kêe-málly-pànss |
| joie de vivre | *zhwàdvìvrə |
| laissez-faire | = lây sây fãir |
| lavabo | |
| lavage | |
| lavaliere or lavalliere pendant | lavalìer |
| lavalier or lavaliere microphone | ləválier |
| le mot juste | *ləmô-zhûst |
| louche | loôsh |
| madame brothel, Madame title | madáme, cf. mádam shopping |
| maître d'hôtel | métradô-tél, mâitradô-tél |
| matinée | mátinèe |
| mélange | *mây-lànzh |
| ménage à trois | ménàzhà-twà |
| menu | *ményu |
| Messrs. (abbreviation of Messieurs) | *méssers |
| métier | *mâytiây |
| Monsieur | Məsyə(r) |
| mot juste | *mô-zhûst |
| naïve | *nî-yêeve |
| naïveté[2] | *nî-yeevì-tây |
| outré | oûtrè |
| nouveau riche | *noôvô-rêesh |
| parvenu | pà(r)vən(y)û |
| passé | pássè |
| pâté | pátè |
| protégé | *prôtezhây |
| Provençal | *Provonssàl |
| puisne judge | = pûny small |
| raison d’être | *râizon-détrə |
| rendezvous | *róndâyvoô, róndivoô |
| résumé | *rézyumây, *râyzyumây, cf. resûme (*rizyûme) |
| risqué | *rískây, *rêeskây |
| rôle | rôle part (= rôll over, eat) |
| roué | roûè (*roôwây) |
| savoir-faire | sávwà-fãir |
| savoir-vivre | sávwà-vìvrə |
| séance | *sâyónce |
| soixante-neuf | *swàsont-nəf |
| soupçon | *soûpsón |
| table d’hôte | *tàbla-dôte |
| tête-à-tête | *tétà-tét |
| touché | tooshây |
| troûsseau | trûsô (either stressed) |
| vis-à-vis | *víza-vêe, vêezà-vêe |
| voilà | *vwà-là |