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'''Pierre Molinier''' (Agen, France 1900 - Bordeaux, France 1976) was a French Surrealist painter and photographer.
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== Life ==


'''1900''' Pierre Molinier was born on 13 April 1900 (Good Friday) in Agen (France). His father was a house painter and decorator specialized in marble and wood imitation; his mother was a dressmaker and his aunt an ironer. During his childhood, he was raised surrounded by women. He spent his school years with the Brothers of the Agen Ecoles chrétiennes, and not at all, as he pretended, with the Jesuits.


'''1913''' He starts working with his father as an apprentice painter and takes evening courses at the Agen Municipal School of Drawing.
'''Pierre Molinier''' ([[Agen]], [[France]] 1900 – [[Bordeaux]], France 1976) was a [[French]] [[Surrealist]] painter and [[photographer]], born on a symbolic date: 13 April 1900, a [[Good Friday]].


'''1918''' Having been in love with his sister for a long time, he takes a photograph of her on her deathbed. Around that date, he settles down in Bordeaux, Place de la Bourse, in the Saint-Pierre Quarter.


'''1919''' He sets up his own business, as a house painter.
'''''WARNING! This article contains some explicit descriptions.'''''


'''1920''' He does his military service from 1920 to 1922, then stays in Paris where he visits museums frequently


'''1923''' He moves to 5 rue du Parlement-Saint-Pierre, still in the Bordeaux Old Quarter.
==Biography==
[[Image: Molinier.jpg|right|thumb|Pierre Molinier, rue Leupold, near his Quartier Saint-Pierre home, Circa 1974-1975 (Photo © Pierre Petit)]]


'''1927''' First exhibition of his paintings. Until 1951, every year he shows several paintings figurative or fauve landscapes and portraits) in the Bordeaux Salons.
He was the son of a house painter and decorator specializing in marble and wood imitation; his mother a dressmaker, and his aunt an ironer. Molinier's school years were spent with the Brothers of the Agen "Ecoles chrétiennes", although he pretended he had been educated by the Jesuits.  At the age of 13, he began working with his father as an apprentice painter and took evening courses at the Agen Municipal School of Drawing. Having been in love with his younger sister for a long time, in 1918, he took a photograph of her on her deathbed : later he said that, on that occasion, he caressed her legs and ejaculated on the First Communion dress she was wearing. Fantasm, pure fabrication or reality ? Anyway, it was the starting point of his quest for an androgynous identity, which would be a recurring theme throughout his life and work.  


'''1928''' He exhibits a painting in Paris, at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, and founds the Société des Artistes Indépendants Bordelais together with several other painters.
Around that date, he settled down in Bordeaux, place de la Bourse, in the Saint-Pierre Quarter. The following year, he set up his own business, as a house painter. He did his military service from 1920 to 1922, then stayed in Paris where he visited museums frequently. In 1923, he moved to 5 rue du Parlement-Saint-Pierre, still in the Bordeaux Old Quarter.


'''1931''' He moves in the apartment where he will stay for good, 7 rue des Faussets, in the Bordeaux Old Quarter
The first exhibition of his paintings took place in 1927. Every year until 1951, he showed several paintings (figurative or fauve landscapes and portraits) in the Bordeaux "Salons".  In 1928, he exhibited a painting in Paris, at the famous "Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts", and founded the "Société des Artistes indépendants bordelais" together with several other painters. During 1931, he moved to the apartment where he would stay for good and would have his artist studio ("L'Atelier du Grenier Saint-Pierre"), 7 rue des Faussets, in the Bordeaux Old Quarter.


'''1940''' He is mobilized as a male nurse, taken prisoner, then demobilized. He settles down in the Bordeaux countryside with his family. Giving up figuratism, he makes his first abstract painting ''Satin blanc''.
In 1940, Molinier was mobilized as a male nurse, then taken prisoner by the Germans; after being demobilized, he took refuge in the Bordeaux countryside with his family. Four years later, his father committed suicide by overdosing on medicine.


'''1944''' His father commits suicide, by taking medicine.
Giving up figuratism, he made his first abstract painting ''Satin blanc.'' After the presumed visit of the Dalai Lama envoys, who asked him to reproduce symbolic mandalas, his inspiration changed into esoterism: this alleged visit was dated by Molinier, vaguely, around 1936; considering the evolution of his paintings, 1946 would be much more likely. In 1948, he made the first painting characteristic of his erotic period, ''Les amants à la fleur''.  


'''1946''' Following the presumed visit of the Dalai Lama envoys, who asked him to reproduce mandalas, his inspiration changes into esoterism (this visit was dated, vaguely, around  1936 by Molinier ; considering the evolution of his paintings, 1946 would be much more likely.
The following year, tired of his infidelities and provocative behaviour, his wife left their marital home. In 1950, he built a farcical "Premature tomb" topped with an engraved black cross:<blockquote>'' "Here lies<br>Pierre MOLINIER<br>Born on 13 April 1900 died around 1950<br>He was a man without morals<br>He was proud of it and gloried in it<br>No need to pray for him."<br>''
</blockquote> He took photographs of himself, posing in his studio as crucified and having committed suicide, as well as on his deathbed in his apartment.  


'''1948''' First painting characteristic of his erotic period (''Les amants à la fleur'').
1951 was the major turning point in Molinier's artistic career: he broke off from the "Artistes indépendants bordelais", following a scandal at the Fall Salon caused by his veiled painting ''Le grand combat'', which represents an entanglement of bodies engaged in a love joust. In 1952, he got in touch with the French novelist and art collector André Malraux in order to exhibit his paintings in Paris. Also, his daughter Françoise, with whom he had been in love for a long time, left the family apartment. He wrote to André Breton, the leading figure of the Surrealism movement, in 1955, and sent him a portfolio containing photographs of his paintings.  Breton fell in love with "those magical works" and sent him a series of enthusiastic letters praising his work: "You are today a master in vertigo", he wrote in one of them.  


'''1949''' His wife leaves the marital home.
After exhibiting 18 paintings and a few drawings at the Paris gallery run by Breton "A l'Etoile scellée" (27 January - 17 February 1956), he contributed to several issues of the magazine ''Le surréalisme, même''.  He met the writer and poet Joyce Mansour, "the Divine", and started taking erotic photographs.  


'''1950''' He builds his "Premature tomb" topped by a black cross engraved with "Here lies/Pierre MOLINIER/born on 13 April 1900 died around 1950/he was a man without morals/he  was proud of it and gloried in it/No need to pray for him." He takes photographs of himself, posing in his studio as crucified and having committed suicide, as well as on his deathbed, in his apartement.
In 1957, he bought a shady bar near Bordeaux called the "Texas-Bar" for his so-called "natural daughter" Monique, who was a notorious prostitute.  Three years later, he was involved in a domestic dispute with his separated wife in their summer home where she returned from time to time, slapping her violently and firing a gun above the head of his cousin: for both acts, he spent a month in prison. He gave up his house painting business, in order to devote the rest of his life to his art.  The following year he was convicted with fines and damages for his assaults; his wife was granted a divorce.


'''1951''' He breaks off with the Artistes Indépendants Bordelais, following a scandal at the Fall Salon caused by his veiled painting ''Le grand combat'', representing an entanglement of bodies engaged in a love joust.
In Summer 1962, Raymond Borde came to Bordeaux to shoot the film ''Molinier'', an homage to the painter's world (private screenings of an uncut version were held in 1964, and a public screening of the censored version in 1966).


'''1952''' He gets in touch with André Malraux in order to exhibit his paintings in Paris. His daughter Françoise, with whom he has been in love for a long time, leaves the family apartment.
He wrote to Emmanuelle Arsan (author of the erotic novel ''Emmanuelle'') in May 1964 and met her in Paris in December. As a result, they engaged in passionate correspondence, and Molinier represented her in several of his works.  They would not meet again until the Spring of 1967 in Bordeaux.


'''1955''' He writes to André Breton and sends him a portfolio containing photographs of his
Numerous meetings with the Surrealist painters Clovis Trouille and Gérard Lattier took place during 1965. He shot a rudimentary film, ''Mes jambes''.
works. André Breton falls in love with "those magical works" and sends him a series of enthusiastic letters ("You are today a master in vertigo").


'''1956''' After exhibiting 18 paintings (and a few drawings) at the Paris gallery run by Breton A l'Etoile scellée (27 January-17 February), he contributes to several issues of the magazine ''Le surréalisme, même''. He meets the writer and poet Joyce Mansour, "the Divine". He starts taking erotic photographs.
His plans for publishing an album of photomontages on ''Le chaman et ses créatures'' began to take shape in 1966, and Roland Villeneuve, a specialist of the Devil, was approached to write the preface. Many publishers gave up printing the album, and it was eventually published in 1995.  


'''1957''' Near Bordeaux, he buys a shady bar (the Texas-Bar) for his so-called "natural daughter", Monique, who was a notorious prostitute.
In a particularly pivotal exchange of correspondence with the Austrian art historian Peter Gorsen, in December 1967 he met Hanel Koeck, a German sadomasochist and fetishist of legs and shoes. During his childhood, he was surrounded by women, and often wore their shoes and stockings, and so this meeting began a lengthy and impassioned correspondence with her, who paid him several visits. She became the model of many of his paintings and photomontages.  Within this same period, a young friend and model, Jean-Pierre Bouyxou, shot ''Satan bouche un coin'', a film where Molinier appears in his fetishist apparel.  


'''1960''' He slaps his wife in the face violently, fires above the head of his cousin and spends a month in prison. He gives up his house painting business in order to devote his time to his art.
In 1969, according to him, he ordered the exhumation of his father's corpse and kept his bones inside a wooden box in the shape of a small coffin, rue des Faussets. The same year, an album (''Molinier'') of his paintings was published by Jean-Jacques Pauvert.  


'''1961''' He is condemned (fine and damages) for the 1960 events. His wife gets a divorce.
In 1970, Molinier had a painful gall-bladder removed that had caused him constant suffering. Two years later, Peter Gorsen published in Munich an album of photographs and photomontages (''Pierre Molinier, lui-même''), with an important essay in German.


'''1962''' Shooting of the Raymond Borde film ''Molinier'' (in Bordeaux, private screenings in 1964 and public screening of the censured version in 1966).
In March 1975, Molinier took a series of photographs of the young Swiss painter, Luciano Castelli, dressed as a transvestite, and another series with Thierry Agullo, an iconoclastic Bordeaux artist, on the theme of Indecency. At the end of the month, Peter Gorsen paid him a visit (for the first and only time) accompanied by Hanel Koeck.


'''1964''' He writes to Emmanuelle Arsan (author of the erotic novel ''Emmanuelle''), and then meets her in Paris in December. Both engage in a passionate correspondence and Molinier represents her in several of his works.
The last of his family troubles occurred in September of this year, when his son Jacques died in an accident while handling explosives. As a consequence, he resumed his contacts with his daughter, Françoise.  


'''1965''' Numerous meetings with the Surrealist painters Clovis Trouille and Gérard Lattier.
At the end of February 1976, he took a series of photographs of Thierry Agullo, dressed in women's attire, continuing on the theme of Androgyny that had played a major part in his life.
Shooting of a rudimentary film, ''Mes jambes''.


'''1966''' His plans for publishing an album of photomontages on ''Le chaman et ses créatures'' begin to take shape. Roland Villeneuve is approached for writing the preface.  
On March 3rd, 1976, Molinier committed suicide by shooting himself in the mouth, something he had foreshadowed, time and again. His body was transferred to the Bordeaux morgue, then to the Faculty of Medicine, as he had bequeathed his body to the establishment in 1970. After being dissected, his remains were buried in a Bordeaux cemetery.
Many publishers will give up printing the album, which will be published eventually in 1995.


'''1967''' Second meeting with Emmanuelle Arsan, in Bordeaux. As a result of his correspondence with Peter Gorsen, he meets Hanel Koeck, a German fetishist of legs and shoes, who is also a sado-masochist. Beginning of a lengthy and passionate correspondence with her. She will pay him several visits and will become the model of many paintings and photomontages. Shooting of the Jean-Pierre Bouyxou's film ''Satan bouche un coin''.
== Meaning and influence ==


'''1969''' He orders the exhumation of his father's corpse and keeps his bones inside a wooden box in the shape of a small coffin, rue des Faussets. An album (''Molinier'') on his paintings is published by Jean-Jacques Pauvert.
Pierre Molinier began his career by painting landscapes in the Impressionist and Fauve styles, with a brief attempt at Abstraction ; he was also known in the Bordeaux art circles as a talented portraitist. After the Second World War, he turned towards esoterism and then fetishistic eroticism, which had been underlying his personal life since adolescence. The feeling that he was fundamentally androgynous would soon be reflected in his erotic paintings (he adored and identified himself with his elder sister, his daughter and a few emblematic women - Emmanuelle Arsan or Hanel Koeck, for instance). Each painting from this period (approximately 70 of them) is the stunning result of a painstaking technical and ideological achievement : the work on the body forms, the transparent superposition of colours, especially in the green and reddish tones ("glacis" made of pigments symbolically mixed with his own sperm), the esoteric significance of the subjects always contribute to a unique and rare visual experience.  


'''1970''' Removal of his gall-bladder, which hurts him at regular intervals.
He developed an interesting correspondence with André Breton, the Pope of Surrealism, and sent him photographs of his paintings. Later, Breton, who wrote enthusiastic pages about them, integrated him into the Surrealist group and organized a solo exhibition of his works in Paris, in January-February 1956. But the extravagant behaviour of Molinier in sexual matters and his blasphemous tendencies in some of his paintings - for instance, ''Oh !... Marie, mère de Dieu'' (1965), where a crucified Christ is sucked and sodomized by two women - probably frightened Breton. As a result, Molinier did not participate in the 1965 International Surrealist Exhibition.


'''1972''' He bequeaths his body to the Faculty of Medicine, in order for it to be dissected. Peter Gorsen publishes in Munich an album of photographs and photomontages (''Pierre Molinier, lui-même''), with an essay in German.
Molinier took his first photographs at the age of 18, started his erotic production around 1950 and delivered his major prints between 1960 and 1968, which could be read as an extension of his paintings. In photography, he used self-made props (dolls, prosthetic limbs, high heels, black-net stockings, masks, dildos) to build a fantasy world. His photographs and photomontages are often portraits of himself as a woman, but they can include body parts of female as well as male partners. By cutting and reassembling body elements, he invented new fantastic creatures and gave them movement, although he had very primitive photographic equipment (bellows camera, wooden frames, no enlarger, home kitchen as a darkroom).


'''1975''' In March, he takes a series of photographs of the young Swiss painter, Luciano Castelli, in transvestite, and another series with Thierry Agullo, a Bordeaux iconoclastic
On the one hand, Molinier could be considered as a mythomaniac who tried to draw attention to himself; on the other hand, his sexual behaviour (preference for premature ejaculation, frequent masturbation, one-time auto-fellatio, sodomy with dildos, taste for masochistic suffering - often transposed in his paintings and photographs) is nothing but real and shows paraphiliac tendencies.
artist, on the theme of Indecency. At the end of the month, Peter Gorsen pays him a visit (for the first and unique time), accompanied by Hanel Koeck. In September, his son Jacques dies in an accident (he made a mistake while manipulating explosives). He resumes his contacts with his daughter Françoise.


'''1976''' At the end of February, he takes a series of photographs of Thierry Agullo in transvestite on the theme of Androgyny, He commits suicide by shooting himself in the mouth,
Essentially a leg fetishist, but also considering himself as a shaman, facetious and provocative, anti-bourgeois and anti-religious, Molinier enjoyed transgressing gender identification : his outstanding photographs greatly influenced the European and North American Body Art (Art corporel) in the early 1970s and continue to fascinate artists, critics and collectors today.
on 3rd March 1976, at about 7.30 p.m. His body is transferred to the Bordeaux Morgue, then to the Faculty of Medecine. After being dissected, his remains have been buried in a Bordeaux cemetery.


== Bibliography ==
== Personal exhibitions (selection) ==


BRETON, André. « Pierre Molinier », in : ''Le surréalisme et la peinture'', Paris : Gallimard, 1966, 427 p.
'''''As of March 2016, 352 Molinier exhibitions have been recorded : 71 personal and 281 collective. Below are listed the main personal exhibitions (except for the major Bordeaux collective one in 2005).'''''


GORSEN, Peter. ''Pierre Molinier, lui-même. Essay über den surrealistischen Hermaphroditen'', Munich : Rogner und Bernhard, 1972, 39 p., 41 ill.
'''1931'''


MACCHERONI, Henri. ''Un après-midi chez Pierre Molinier'', Bordeaux : Opales / Pleine Page éditeurs, 2005, 48 p., 18 ill.
Exposition Pierre Molinier, Galerie A. Grézy, Bordeaux, France, 12-18 January 1931


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Molinier'', Paris : Jean-Jacques Pauvert Editeur, 1969, 92 p.
'''1948'''


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Les orphéons magiques'', Collection L'Autre Pente, Bordeaux : Thierry Agullo Editeur, 1979, 60 p.
Exposition Pierre Molinier, Galerie d'Art Georges-Faure, Bordeaux, France, March 1948


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Cent photographies érotiques'', Collection Images obliques, Paris : Editions Borderie, 1979, 112 p.
'''1956'''


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Pierre Molinier'', Genève : Bernard Letu Editeur, 1979, 80 p.
"Molinier", Galerie A l'Etoile Scellée, Paris, France, 27 January -17 February 1956


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Pierre Molinier. Die Fetische der Travestie. Fotografische Arbeiten 1965-1975'', Herausgegeben von Gerhard Fisher und Peter Gorsen, Vienna : Daedalus, 1989, 122 p., 40 ill.
'''1977'''


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Le chaman et ses créatures'', Bordeaux : William Blake & Co., 1995, 96 p. [Preface by Pierre Molinier, presentation text by Roland Villeneuve, photomontages, drawings and reproductions of paintings]
"Hommage à Pierre Molinier", Fondation Soulac Médoc, Soulac, France, 14 July - August 1977


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Der Schamane und seine Geschöpfe'', Munich : Schirmer/Mosel, 1995, 96 p.
'''1979'''


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Entretien avec Pierre Chaveau 1972 (Texte + Enregistrement sur CD audio)'', Bordeaux : Editions Opales/Pleine Page, 2003, 64 p.
"Molinier. Peintures, photos et photomontages", Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, 19 September - 05 November 1979


MOLINIER, Pierre. ''Je suis né homme-putain, Ecrits et dessins inédits réunis et présentés par Jean-Luc Mercié'', Paris : Biro Editeur et Edition Kamel Mennour, 2005, 170 p.
"Molinier. Peintures, photos et photomontages", Exposition co-produite entre le Centre Georges-Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne et la Fondation Aquitaine, A la Renaissance du Vieux Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 16 November - 14 December 1979


PETIT, Pierre. ''Molinier, une vie d'enfer'', Paris : Editions Ramsay/Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1992, 267 p., 86 ill.[Biography with catalogs of works, exhibitions, filmography and bibliography]
"Pierre Molinier. Peintures, dessins, gravures & photomontages", Galerie du temps cassé, Bordeaux, France, 20 November - 15 December 1979
'''1980'''


PETIT, Pierre. ''Molinier, une vie d'enfer'', Kyoto : Jimbun Shoin, 2000, 300 p., 86 ill. [Translation in Japanese of the French edition ; revised and corrected catalogs of works, exhibitions, filmography and bibliography]
"Molinier 1900-1976. Mälningar, fotografier och fotomontage", Malmö Konsthall, Malmö, Sweden, 19 January - 09 March 1980


PETIT, Pierre. ''Pierre Molinier et la tentation de l'Orient'', Bordeaux : Opales / Pleine Page éditeurs, 2005, 64 p., 24 ill.
'''1982'''


''Pierre Molinier. Jeux de miroirs'', Bordeaux : Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux/Le Festin, 2005, 176 p. [Exhibition catalog]
"Thérèse Agullo par Pierre Molinier", Galerie J. & J. Donguy, Paris, France, 09 November - 04 December 1982


== External links ==
'''1986'''


http://molinier-infos.ifrance.com/
"Pierre Molinier", Art Space Mirage, Tokyo, Japon, 01-30 April 1986 and 12-25 May 1986


[[Category:CZ Live|Molinier, Pierre]]
"Molinier, le même et l'autre. Exposition rétrospective de peintures, dessins, sculptures", Château de Mongenan, Portets, France, 29 August - 01 November 1986
[[Category:Visual Arts Workgroup|Molinier, Pierre]]
 
"Pierre Molinier : photographies / Luciano Castelli: dessins, hommage à Molinier", Galerie Joachim Becker, Cannes, France
 
'''1988'''
 
"Succession Pierre Molinier", Galerie Urbi et Orbi, Espace J. et J. Donguy, Paris, France, November 1988
 
'''1989'''
 
"Pierre  Molinier - Die Fetische der Travestie. Fotografische Arbeiten 1965-1975", Galerie Faber, Vienna, Austria, 25 January - 10 March 1989
 
'''1990'''
 
Brent Sikkema Fine Arts, New York, U.S.A.
 
'''1991'''
 
Galerie Hummel, Vienna, Austria
 
'''1992'''
 
"Pierre Molinier. Le regard obscène", Galerie Bouqueret-Lebon, Paris, France, 29 April - 16 May 1992
 
'''1993'''
 
"Pierre Molinier", Floating Gallery Centre for Photography, Winnipeg, Canada, 22 January - 13 February 1993 [Touring exhibition]
 
"Pierre Molinier", Fine Arts Gallery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 22 April - 28 May 1993 [Touring exhibition]
 
"Pierre Molinier", Centre International d'Art Contemporain, Montréal, Canada, 01 August - 01 November 1993 [Touring exhibition]
 
"Pierre Molinier. Collection d'un amateur", Galerie Bouqueret-Lebon, Paris, France, 10 September - 20 October 1993
 
"Pierre Molinier", Cabinet Gallery, London, Great Britain
 
'''1994'''
 
"Pierre Molinier", Toronto Photographers Workshop, Toronto, Canada, 02 April - 07 May 1994 [Touring exhibition]
 
"Der Schamane und seine Kreaturen. Pierre Molinier-Fotografien und Montagen", Galerie der Neuen Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst (NGBK), Berlin, Germany, 21 May - 03 July 1994
 
"Pierre Molinier", Australian Center for Photography, Sydney, Australia
 
'''1996'''
 
"Pierre Molinier", Wooster Gardens / Brent Sikkema and Ubu Gallery, New York, U.S.A., 07 September - 05 October 1996
 
'''1998'''
 
"Pierre Molinier (Scènes de la séduction)", Palais de l'Archevêché, Arles, France, August 1998
 
"Pierre Molinier", Santa Monica Museum of Art, Santa Monica, U.S.A., 25 July - 20 September 1998
 
'''1999'''
 
"Pierre Molinier", Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (IVAM), Centre Julio González, Valencia, Spain, 15 April - 21 June 1999
 
"Pierre Molinier", Galerie Guy Bärtschi, Geneva, Switzerland, 25 November 1999 - 29 January 2000
 
'''2000'''
 
"Pierre Molinier. Original gelatin silver prints from 1950s to 70s", Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York, U.S.A, 13 April - 09 May 2000
 
"Pierre Molinier, photographe. Une rétrospective", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 13 April - 13 June 2000
 
'''2001'''
 
"Pierre Molinier: 1946-1966, 2 décennies "magiques"", Lattuada Pardo Gallery, Milan, Italy, 23 May - 18 September 2001 ; A l'enseigne des Oudin, Paris, France, 03 July - 29 September 2001
 
'''2003'''
 
"Pierre Molinier (1900-1976). Fetish performance. Photographs and photomontages (1965-1971)", Galerie Berinson, Berlin, Germany, 13 April - 11 June 2003
 
'''2004'''
 
"Pierre Molinier (1900-1976). Ecce Homo (Original collages and photomontages)", Patricia Laligant Gallery, New York, U.S.A., 21 May - 26 June 2004
 
'''2005'''
 
"Je suis né homme-putain", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 02 September - 02 October 2005
 
"Pierre Molinier / Jeux de miroirs", Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, Galerie des Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux, France, 23 September - 20 November 2005 [Major collective exhibition]
 
'''2010'''
 
"Pierre Molinier. Oeuvres inédites : collages & photomontages", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 11 February-6 March 2010
 
"Pierre Molinier, Comme je voudrais être", Galerie Christophe Gaillard, Paris, France, 14 October-20 November 2010
 
'''2012'''
 
"Pierre Molinier", Galerie ChantiersBoîteNoire, Montpellier, France, 18 October-10 November 2012
 
'''2013'''
 
"Pierre Molinier – Dessins et photographies", Musée de l'Hospice Saint-Roch, Issoudun, France, 28 September-29 December 2013
 
'''2015'''
 
"The temptations of Pierre Molinier », Richard Saltoun Gallery, London, Great Britain, 20 August-02 October 2015[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]

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Pierre Molinier (Agen, France 1900 – Bordeaux, France 1976) was a French Surrealist painter and photographer, born on a symbolic date: 13 April 1900, a Good Friday.


WARNING! This article contains some explicit descriptions.


Biography

Pierre Molinier, rue Leupold, near his Quartier Saint-Pierre home, Circa 1974-1975 (Photo © Pierre Petit)

He was the son of a house painter and decorator specializing in marble and wood imitation; his mother a dressmaker, and his aunt an ironer. Molinier's school years were spent with the Brothers of the Agen "Ecoles chrétiennes", although he pretended he had been educated by the Jesuits. At the age of 13, he began working with his father as an apprentice painter and took evening courses at the Agen Municipal School of Drawing. Having been in love with his younger sister for a long time, in 1918, he took a photograph of her on her deathbed : later he said that, on that occasion, he caressed her legs and ejaculated on the First Communion dress she was wearing. Fantasm, pure fabrication or reality ? Anyway, it was the starting point of his quest for an androgynous identity, which would be a recurring theme throughout his life and work.

Around that date, he settled down in Bordeaux, place de la Bourse, in the Saint-Pierre Quarter. The following year, he set up his own business, as a house painter. He did his military service from 1920 to 1922, then stayed in Paris where he visited museums frequently. In 1923, he moved to 5 rue du Parlement-Saint-Pierre, still in the Bordeaux Old Quarter.

The first exhibition of his paintings took place in 1927. Every year until 1951, he showed several paintings (figurative or fauve landscapes and portraits) in the Bordeaux "Salons". In 1928, he exhibited a painting in Paris, at the famous "Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts", and founded the "Société des Artistes indépendants bordelais" together with several other painters. During 1931, he moved to the apartment where he would stay for good and would have his artist studio ("L'Atelier du Grenier Saint-Pierre"), 7 rue des Faussets, in the Bordeaux Old Quarter.

In 1940, Molinier was mobilized as a male nurse, then taken prisoner by the Germans; after being demobilized, he took refuge in the Bordeaux countryside with his family. Four years later, his father committed suicide by overdosing on medicine.

Giving up figuratism, he made his first abstract painting Satin blanc. After the presumed visit of the Dalai Lama envoys, who asked him to reproduce symbolic mandalas, his inspiration changed into esoterism: this alleged visit was dated by Molinier, vaguely, around 1936; considering the evolution of his paintings, 1946 would be much more likely. In 1948, he made the first painting characteristic of his erotic period, Les amants à la fleur.

The following year, tired of his infidelities and provocative behaviour, his wife left their marital home. In 1950, he built a farcical "Premature tomb" topped with an engraved black cross:

"Here lies
Pierre MOLINIER
Born on 13 April 1900 died around 1950
He was a man without morals
He was proud of it and gloried in it
No need to pray for him."

He took photographs of himself, posing in his studio as crucified and having committed suicide, as well as on his deathbed in his apartment.

1951 was the major turning point in Molinier's artistic career: he broke off from the "Artistes indépendants bordelais", following a scandal at the Fall Salon caused by his veiled painting Le grand combat, which represents an entanglement of bodies engaged in a love joust. In 1952, he got in touch with the French novelist and art collector André Malraux in order to exhibit his paintings in Paris. Also, his daughter Françoise, with whom he had been in love for a long time, left the family apartment. He wrote to André Breton, the leading figure of the Surrealism movement, in 1955, and sent him a portfolio containing photographs of his paintings. Breton fell in love with "those magical works" and sent him a series of enthusiastic letters praising his work: "You are today a master in vertigo", he wrote in one of them.

After exhibiting 18 paintings and a few drawings at the Paris gallery run by Breton "A l'Etoile scellée" (27 January - 17 February 1956), he contributed to several issues of the magazine Le surréalisme, même. He met the writer and poet Joyce Mansour, "the Divine", and started taking erotic photographs.

In 1957, he bought a shady bar near Bordeaux called the "Texas-Bar" for his so-called "natural daughter" Monique, who was a notorious prostitute. Three years later, he was involved in a domestic dispute with his separated wife in their summer home where she returned from time to time, slapping her violently and firing a gun above the head of his cousin: for both acts, he spent a month in prison. He gave up his house painting business, in order to devote the rest of his life to his art. The following year he was convicted with fines and damages for his assaults; his wife was granted a divorce.

In Summer 1962, Raymond Borde came to Bordeaux to shoot the film Molinier, an homage to the painter's world (private screenings of an uncut version were held in 1964, and a public screening of the censored version in 1966).

He wrote to Emmanuelle Arsan (author of the erotic novel Emmanuelle) in May 1964 and met her in Paris in December. As a result, they engaged in passionate correspondence, and Molinier represented her in several of his works. They would not meet again until the Spring of 1967 in Bordeaux.

Numerous meetings with the Surrealist painters Clovis Trouille and Gérard Lattier took place during 1965. He shot a rudimentary film, Mes jambes.

His plans for publishing an album of photomontages on Le chaman et ses créatures began to take shape in 1966, and Roland Villeneuve, a specialist of the Devil, was approached to write the preface. Many publishers gave up printing the album, and it was eventually published in 1995.

In a particularly pivotal exchange of correspondence with the Austrian art historian Peter Gorsen, in December 1967 he met Hanel Koeck, a German sadomasochist and fetishist of legs and shoes. During his childhood, he was surrounded by women, and often wore their shoes and stockings, and so this meeting began a lengthy and impassioned correspondence with her, who paid him several visits. She became the model of many of his paintings and photomontages. Within this same period, a young friend and model, Jean-Pierre Bouyxou, shot Satan bouche un coin, a film where Molinier appears in his fetishist apparel.

In 1969, according to him, he ordered the exhumation of his father's corpse and kept his bones inside a wooden box in the shape of a small coffin, rue des Faussets. The same year, an album (Molinier) of his paintings was published by Jean-Jacques Pauvert.

In 1970, Molinier had a painful gall-bladder removed that had caused him constant suffering. Two years later, Peter Gorsen published in Munich an album of photographs and photomontages (Pierre Molinier, lui-même), with an important essay in German.

In March 1975, Molinier took a series of photographs of the young Swiss painter, Luciano Castelli, dressed as a transvestite, and another series with Thierry Agullo, an iconoclastic Bordeaux artist, on the theme of Indecency. At the end of the month, Peter Gorsen paid him a visit (for the first and only time) accompanied by Hanel Koeck.

The last of his family troubles occurred in September of this year, when his son Jacques died in an accident while handling explosives. As a consequence, he resumed his contacts with his daughter, Françoise.

At the end of February 1976, he took a series of photographs of Thierry Agullo, dressed in women's attire, continuing on the theme of Androgyny that had played a major part in his life.

On March 3rd, 1976, Molinier committed suicide by shooting himself in the mouth, something he had foreshadowed, time and again. His body was transferred to the Bordeaux morgue, then to the Faculty of Medicine, as he had bequeathed his body to the establishment in 1970. After being dissected, his remains were buried in a Bordeaux cemetery.

Meaning and influence

Pierre Molinier began his career by painting landscapes in the Impressionist and Fauve styles, with a brief attempt at Abstraction ; he was also known in the Bordeaux art circles as a talented portraitist. After the Second World War, he turned towards esoterism and then fetishistic eroticism, which had been underlying his personal life since adolescence. The feeling that he was fundamentally androgynous would soon be reflected in his erotic paintings (he adored and identified himself with his elder sister, his daughter and a few emblematic women - Emmanuelle Arsan or Hanel Koeck, for instance). Each painting from this period (approximately 70 of them) is the stunning result of a painstaking technical and ideological achievement : the work on the body forms, the transparent superposition of colours, especially in the green and reddish tones ("glacis" made of pigments symbolically mixed with his own sperm), the esoteric significance of the subjects always contribute to a unique and rare visual experience.

He developed an interesting correspondence with André Breton, the Pope of Surrealism, and sent him photographs of his paintings. Later, Breton, who wrote enthusiastic pages about them, integrated him into the Surrealist group and organized a solo exhibition of his works in Paris, in January-February 1956. But the extravagant behaviour of Molinier in sexual matters and his blasphemous tendencies in some of his paintings - for instance, Oh !... Marie, mère de Dieu (1965), where a crucified Christ is sucked and sodomized by two women - probably frightened Breton. As a result, Molinier did not participate in the 1965 International Surrealist Exhibition.

Molinier took his first photographs at the age of 18, started his erotic production around 1950 and delivered his major prints between 1960 and 1968, which could be read as an extension of his paintings. In photography, he used self-made props (dolls, prosthetic limbs, high heels, black-net stockings, masks, dildos) to build a fantasy world. His photographs and photomontages are often portraits of himself as a woman, but they can include body parts of female as well as male partners. By cutting and reassembling body elements, he invented new fantastic creatures and gave them movement, although he had very primitive photographic equipment (bellows camera, wooden frames, no enlarger, home kitchen as a darkroom).

On the one hand, Molinier could be considered as a mythomaniac who tried to draw attention to himself; on the other hand, his sexual behaviour (preference for premature ejaculation, frequent masturbation, one-time auto-fellatio, sodomy with dildos, taste for masochistic suffering - often transposed in his paintings and photographs) is nothing but real and shows paraphiliac tendencies.

Essentially a leg fetishist, but also considering himself as a shaman, facetious and provocative, anti-bourgeois and anti-religious, Molinier enjoyed transgressing gender identification : his outstanding photographs greatly influenced the European and North American Body Art (Art corporel) in the early 1970s and continue to fascinate artists, critics and collectors today.

Personal exhibitions (selection)

As of March 2016, 352 Molinier exhibitions have been recorded : 71 personal and 281 collective. Below are listed the main personal exhibitions (except for the major Bordeaux collective one in 2005).

1931

Exposition Pierre Molinier, Galerie A. Grézy, Bordeaux, France, 12-18 January 1931

1948

Exposition Pierre Molinier, Galerie d'Art Georges-Faure, Bordeaux, France, March 1948

1956

"Molinier", Galerie A l'Etoile Scellée, Paris, France, 27 January -17 February 1956

1977

"Hommage à Pierre Molinier", Fondation Soulac Médoc, Soulac, France, 14 July - August 1977

1979

"Molinier. Peintures, photos et photomontages", Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, 19 September - 05 November 1979

"Molinier. Peintures, photos et photomontages", Exposition co-produite entre le Centre Georges-Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne et la Fondation Aquitaine, A la Renaissance du Vieux Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 16 November - 14 December 1979

"Pierre Molinier. Peintures, dessins, gravures & photomontages", Galerie du temps cassé, Bordeaux, France, 20 November - 15 December 1979

1980

"Molinier 1900-1976. Mälningar, fotografier och fotomontage", Malmö Konsthall, Malmö, Sweden, 19 January - 09 March 1980

1982

"Thérèse Agullo par Pierre Molinier", Galerie J. & J. Donguy, Paris, France, 09 November - 04 December 1982

1986

"Pierre Molinier", Art Space Mirage, Tokyo, Japon, 01-30 April 1986 and 12-25 May 1986

"Molinier, le même et l'autre. Exposition rétrospective de peintures, dessins, sculptures", Château de Mongenan, Portets, France, 29 August - 01 November 1986

"Pierre Molinier : photographies / Luciano Castelli: dessins, hommage à Molinier", Galerie Joachim Becker, Cannes, France

1988

"Succession Pierre Molinier", Galerie Urbi et Orbi, Espace J. et J. Donguy, Paris, France, November 1988

1989

"Pierre Molinier - Die Fetische der Travestie. Fotografische Arbeiten 1965-1975", Galerie Faber, Vienna, Austria, 25 January - 10 March 1989

1990

Brent Sikkema Fine Arts, New York, U.S.A.

1991

Galerie Hummel, Vienna, Austria

1992

"Pierre Molinier. Le regard obscène", Galerie Bouqueret-Lebon, Paris, France, 29 April - 16 May 1992

1993

"Pierre Molinier", Floating Gallery Centre for Photography, Winnipeg, Canada, 22 January - 13 February 1993 [Touring exhibition]

"Pierre Molinier", Fine Arts Gallery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 22 April - 28 May 1993 [Touring exhibition]

"Pierre Molinier", Centre International d'Art Contemporain, Montréal, Canada, 01 August - 01 November 1993 [Touring exhibition]

"Pierre Molinier. Collection d'un amateur", Galerie Bouqueret-Lebon, Paris, France, 10 September - 20 October 1993

"Pierre Molinier", Cabinet Gallery, London, Great Britain

1994

"Pierre Molinier", Toronto Photographers Workshop, Toronto, Canada, 02 April - 07 May 1994 [Touring exhibition]

"Der Schamane und seine Kreaturen. Pierre Molinier-Fotografien und Montagen", Galerie der Neuen Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst (NGBK), Berlin, Germany, 21 May - 03 July 1994

"Pierre Molinier", Australian Center for Photography, Sydney, Australia

1996

"Pierre Molinier", Wooster Gardens / Brent Sikkema and Ubu Gallery, New York, U.S.A., 07 September - 05 October 1996

1998

"Pierre Molinier (Scènes de la séduction)", Palais de l'Archevêché, Arles, France, August 1998

"Pierre Molinier", Santa Monica Museum of Art, Santa Monica, U.S.A., 25 July - 20 September 1998

1999

"Pierre Molinier", Institut Valencià d'Art Modern (IVAM), Centre Julio González, Valencia, Spain, 15 April - 21 June 1999

"Pierre Molinier", Galerie Guy Bärtschi, Geneva, Switzerland, 25 November 1999 - 29 January 2000

2000

"Pierre Molinier. Original gelatin silver prints from 1950s to 70s", Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York, U.S.A, 13 April - 09 May 2000

"Pierre Molinier, photographe. Une rétrospective", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 13 April - 13 June 2000

2001

"Pierre Molinier: 1946-1966, 2 décennies "magiques"", Lattuada Pardo Gallery, Milan, Italy, 23 May - 18 September 2001 ; A l'enseigne des Oudin, Paris, France, 03 July - 29 September 2001

2003

"Pierre Molinier (1900-1976). Fetish performance. Photographs and photomontages (1965-1971)", Galerie Berinson, Berlin, Germany, 13 April - 11 June 2003

2004

"Pierre Molinier (1900-1976). Ecce Homo (Original collages and photomontages)", Patricia Laligant Gallery, New York, U.S.A., 21 May - 26 June 2004

2005

"Je suis né homme-putain", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 02 September - 02 October 2005

"Pierre Molinier / Jeux de miroirs", Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, Galerie des Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux, France, 23 September - 20 November 2005 [Major collective exhibition]

2010

"Pierre Molinier. Oeuvres inédites : collages & photomontages", Galerie Kamel Mennour, Paris, France, 11 February-6 March 2010

"Pierre Molinier, Comme je voudrais être", Galerie Christophe Gaillard, Paris, France, 14 October-20 November 2010

2012

"Pierre Molinier", Galerie ChantiersBoîteNoire, Montpellier, France, 18 October-10 November 2012

2013

"Pierre Molinier – Dessins et photographies", Musée de l'Hospice Saint-Roch, Issoudun, France, 28 September-29 December 2013

2015

"The temptations of Pierre Molinier », Richard Saltoun Gallery, London, Great Britain, 20 August-02 October 2015

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