Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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In hematology, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an "acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own red blood cells."[1]
Classification
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Direct antiglobulin ("Coombs") test-negative
- Direct antiglobulin ("Coombs") test-positive
- Cold agglutinin disease[2]
Diagnosis
- Red-blood-cell-bound immunoglobulin G[3]
- Coombs' test, using the direct method, may have 97% sensitivity for detecting warm antibodies.[4][5]
Treatment
As of 2010, no randomized controlled trials were available.[6] Subsequent studies are below.
Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, was found to be safe by a systematic review of 21 studies, although only one was a randomized controlled trials.[7]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2023), Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Berentsen S, Tjønnfjord GE (2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of cold agglutinin mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia.". Blood Rev 26 (3): 107-15. DOI:10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.002. PMID 22330255. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Kamesaki T, Oyamada T, Omine M, Ozawa K, Kajii E (2009). "Cut-off value of red-blood-cell-bound IgG for the diagnosis of Coombs-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia.". Am J Hematol 84 (2): 98-101. DOI:10.1002/ajh.21336. PMID 19105232. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Worlledge SM, Blajchman MA (1972). "The autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.". Br J Haematol 23: Suppl:61-9. PMID 4567200. [e]
- ↑ Allgood JW, Chaplin H (1967). "Idiopathic acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A review of forty-seven cases treated from 1955 through 1965.". Am J Med 43 (2): 254-73. PMID 6034957. [e]
- ↑ Crowther M, Chan YL, Garbett IK, Lim W, Vickers MA, Crowther MA (2011). "Evidence-based focused review of the treatment of idiopathic warm immune hemolytic anemia in adults.". Blood 118 (15): 4036-40. DOI:10.1182/blood-2011-05-347708. PMID 21778343. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Reynaud Q, Durieu I, Dutertre M, Ledochowski S, Durupt S, Michallet AS et al. (2014). "Efficacy and safety of rituximab in auto-immune hemolytic anemia: A meta-analysis of 21 studies.". Autoimmun Rev. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.11.014. PMID 25497766. Research Blogging.