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Featured Article: COVID-19 (CC) Image: NIAID SARS-CoV-2 (in yellow), the virus that causes COVID-19, revealed in an electron microscope image as it emerges from cell surfaces (blue/pink). COVID-19 is a disease that results from infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that apparently first infected human populations in Wuhan in the People's Republic of China towards the end of 2019. The disease was first described as an atypical ‘viral pneumonia’, and by January 2020, the infectious agent had been identified as a novel coronavirus. The origin of the infectious agent is uncertain: the current consensus is that it probably originated in bats, and that a novel mutated form of the virus, in which a spontaneous mutation had enabled the virus to infect humans, may have infected humans through interactions between live bats and people at a wild food market in Wuhan. SymptomsThe median incubation period for COVID-19 is estimated to be 4-5 days after exposure, but incubation periods of up to 14 days have been reported in exceptional cases. The spectrum of illness ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Of about 70,000 persons with COVID-19 in China, 81% cases were classed as mild, with no pneumonia or mild pneumonia, 14% as severe (defined as dyspnea, respiratory frequency ≥30 breaths/min, saturation of oxygen ≤93%, a ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen <300 mm Hg, and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24 to 48 hours), and 5% as critical (respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiorgan dysfunction or failure). Among more than 370,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases with reported symptoms in the USA, 70% of patients experienced fever, cough, or shortness of breath, 36% had muscle aches, and 34% reported headaches. Other reported symptoms included diarrhoea, dizziness, rhinorrhea, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting. Footnotes
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