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=== Some of our finest <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Approval Process|about]] ] </font> ===
<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
[[Image:Approved.png|35px|35px|left]]
<p style="line-height:21px; padding-left:20px;">
:* [[:Category:Approved Articles|Approved Articles]]
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
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[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total articles]])</small>
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|<div style="background-color:lightyellow; color:darkblue; font-size:90%"><center>'''Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality.'''</center><br><center>&mdash;'''Often attributed to the Dalai Lama'''</center></div>
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<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
</h3>
[[Image:Progesterone2.jpg|right|thumb|150px|{{#ifexist:Template:Progesterone2.jpg/credit|{{Progesterone2.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}]]
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
'''[[Steroid|Steroids]]''', or '''steroid hormones''', are powerful hormones with drastic effects, both good and bad, when artificially supplemented into living systems.  They are normally produced by three glands, the adrenal cortex, the testes, and the ovaries, but are also produced by the placenta during pregnancy, and some steroids ("neurosteroids") are produced within the brain. Steroids play an important role at all stages of life from the embryo until death.  Corticosteroids, or synthetic mimics such as [[prednisone]], are used to treat inflammation related illnesses like asthma or rheumatoid arthritis, but they can have severe side effects.  Athletes have often taken anabolic steroids to improve muscle growth and athletic performance. Glucocorticoids play a role in metabolism and inflammation, and estrogens have been linked to cancer.  Testosterone and estrogen influence sexual traits (maleness/femaleness).  All steroid hormones are naturally synthesized from cholesterol (through pregnenolone) under the control of the [[anterior pituitary gland]], which produces [[andrenocorticotropic hormone]] (ACTH, or corticotropin), a polypeptide that stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
<font size=1>[[Steroid|['''more...''']]]</font>
 
=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
The '''[[Miniature Fox Terrier]]''' is a small, fine-boned, lightweight [[terrier]] developed as a [[hunting dog]] and [[vermin]] router.  It is known colloquially in its native [[Australia]] as the “Mini Foxie”, the "Mini Fox Terrier" and sometimes as the “Little Foxie”. 
 
It is akin to the [[Toy Fox Terrier]], a breed that developed along similar lines in the [[United States of America|United States]].  Some Toy Fox Terrier owners can trace their dogs’ pedigrees to "Foiler", aka "Old Foiler", the first [[Fox Terrier]] registered by [[The Kennel Club]] in Britain, circa 1875-6. It is interesting that although the bloodlines of the Mini Foxie and the Toy Fox Terrier are apparently distinct, Australian and American dogs can bear startling resemblance to each other.
<font size=1>[[Miniature Fox Terrier|['''more...''']]]</font>
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<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Latest revision as of 19:28, 18 February 2024

Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
Astronomy Food Science Literature Robotics
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Classics History Music Topic Informant
Computers Hobbies Philosophy Visual Arts


Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.


New Blog Post
Why save Citizendium? My reason number 1.





















Article counts

Citable Articles (145)
Developed Articles (1,149)
Developing Articles (8,223)
Stubs (8,058)
(17,696 total articles)

No man is wise enough by himself.
Titus Maccius Plautus (254 BC - 184 BC), Miles Gloriosus
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Napoleon

Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte or, after 1804, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French) was a world historic figure and dictator of France from 1799 to 1814. He was the greatest general of his age--perhaps any age, with a sure command of battlefield tactics and campaign strategies, As a civil leader he played a major role in the French Revolution, then ended it when he became dictator in 1799 and Emperor of France in 1804 He modernized the French military, fiscal, political legal and religious systems. He fought an unending series of wars against Britain with a complex, ever-changing coalition of European nations on both sides. Refusing to compromise after his immense defeat in Russia in 1812, he was overwhelmed by a coalition of enemies and abdicated in 1814. In 1815 he returned from exile, took control of France, built a new army, and in 100 days almost succeeded--but was defeated at Waterloo and exiled to a remote island. His image and memory are central to French national identity, but he is despised by the British and Russians and is a controversial figure in Germany and elsewhere in Europe.

The Trail of Napoleon - J.F. Horrabin - Map.jpg

Rise to Power

Once the Revolution had begun, so many of the aristocratic officers turned against the Revolutionary government, or were exiled or executed, that a vacuum of senior leadership resulted. Promotions came very quickly now, and loyalty to the Revolution was as important as technical skill; Napoleon had both. His demerits were overlooked as he was twice reinstated, promoted, and allowed to collect his back pay. Paris knew him as an intellectual soldier deeply involved in politics. His first test of military genius came at Toulon in 1793, where the British had seized this key port. Napoleon, an acting Lieutenant-Colonel, used his artillery to force the British to abandon the city. He was immediately promoted by the Jacobin radicals under Robespierre to brigadier-general, joining the ranks of several brilliant young generals. He played a major role in defending Paris itself from counter-revolutionaries, and became the operational planner for the Army of Italy and planned two successful attacks in April 1794. He married Josephine (Rose de Beauharnais) in 1796, after falling violently in love with the older aristocratic widow.[1]

Footnotes

  1. Englund pp 63-73, 91-2, 97-8