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...[chloroplast genome]] <ref>J Li, M Goldschmidt-Clermont, M P Timko (1997). Chloroplast-encoded chlB is required for light-independent protochlorophyllide reductas ...n. ''Flu'' (first described in <ref name="rasa"/>) is a nuclear - encoded, chloroplast - located protein that appears containing only protein - protein interactio

::''See also'': [[Chloroplast]] and [[Photosynthesis]] {{Image|Chloroplast.png|right|300px|Schematic of a chloroplast: 1. outer membrane; 2. intermembrane space; 3. inner membrane (1+2+3: envel

::''See also'': [[Chloroplast]] and [[Photosynthesis]] {{Image|Chloroplast.png|right|300px|Schematic of a chloroplast: 1. outer membrane; 2. intermembrane space; 3. inner membrane (1+2+3: envel

{{r|Chloroplast}}

{{r|Chloroplast}}

{{r|Chloroplast}}

...al [[chlorophyll]] to capture sunlight. The chlorophyll is stored inside [[chloroplast]]s, [[organelle]]s adapted for carrying out [[photosynthesis]]. Photosynthe

...ct an Ancestral Relationship between Chlamydiaceae, Cyanobacteria, and the Chloroplast

...ynthesis depicting separation of steps in the thylakoids and stroma of the chloroplast. Most accounts of photosynthesis use the terminology 'light-independent' as ...[Organelle|organelles]] that synthesizes them &mdash; viz., a [[Chloroplat|chloroplast]], condense themselves into six-carbon [[Hexose|hexose]] phosphates, ultima

...rns the origins of [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] and [[plastids]] (e.g. [[chloroplast]]s), which are [[organelle]]s of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] cells. According

and [[chloroplast]] genomes, and are sometimes also found in [[mitochondrium|mitrochondrial]]

...ucleus (cell)|Cell nuclei]] and [[plasma membrane]]s are shown in green; [[chloroplast]]s are in red for contrast.}}

[[chloroplast]]

![[Chloroplast]]s *[[Chloroplast]] and other [[plastid]]s

...the circular [[mitochondrion]] chromosome, or the circular [[plastid]] ([[chloroplast]]) chromosome) needs to be considered when evaluating HGT between different ...multicellular eukaryotes, by a route that involves transfer of genes from chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to the nuclear genomes.<ref>Adams KL Palmer JD (2

...ondria]] in eukaryotes derived from alpha-proteobacterial cells and that [[chloroplast]]s came from ingested [[cyanobacteria]],

...nucleus]] and [[organelles]] such as [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] and [[chloroplast]]s. Most bacteria are relatively small and possess distinctive cell and col ...cended from a lineage within the [[Proteobacteria|α-Proteobacteria]] and [[chloroplast]]s from the [[Cyanobacteria]] by ancient [[endosymbiotic theory|endosymbiot

...ave [[cell wall]]s and [[chloroplast]]s in addition to other organelles. [[Chloroplast]]s produce energy from [[light]] by [[photosynthesis]]. They were also orig

...not uncommon for a single, large pyrenoid to be observed emerging from the chloroplast of the cell, with which is has a continuous membrane with “a relatively t

...the circular [[mitochondrion]] chromosome, or the circular [[plastid]] ([[chloroplast]]) chromosome) needs to be considered when evaluating HGT between different ...multicellular eukaryotes, by a route that involves transfer of genes from chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to the nuclear genomes.<ref>Adams KL Palmer JD (2

...thesis of ATP is in turn driven by a redox chain in [[mitochondria]] and [[chloroplast]]s, which involves the transport of [[ion]]s across these [[cell (biology)|

Less commonly, horizontal gene transfer involves the chloroplast and nuclear genomes of plants.

...ons are also conserved in the [[Calvin cycle]] that functions inside the [[chloroplast]].

...rgy-yielding processes, much the same as they do in [[mitochondria]] and [[chloroplast]]s. Examples of [[bacteria]] containing intracellular membranes are [[photo

...ral principles of metabolism in [[Cyanobacteria]] can also be applied to [[chloroplast]]s. In addition to oxygenic [[photosynthesis]], many [[bacteria]] can also

...t the only organelles found that derived from a different life form; the [[chloroplast]]s of plant cells are another.

...t the only organelles found that derived from a different life form; the [[chloroplast]]s of plant cells are another.

...functions in these organelles. Both the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) originate in the female egg, so the organelle DNA is always inh

...t the only organelles found that derived from a different life form; the [[chloroplast]]s of plant cells are another.

...ains the origin of [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] and [[plastids]] (e.g. [[chloroplast]]s), which are [[organelle]]s of eukaryotic cells, as the incorporation of

...[nucleoid]]''. Some organelles in eukaryotic cells ([[mitochondria]] and [[chloroplast]]s) have their own DNA with a similar organisation to bacterial DNA. [[Viru

:*Spooner, D., G. Anderson, and R. Jansen (1993) Chloroplast DNA evidence for the interrelationships of tomatoes, potatoes, and pepino (