Banking/Timelines

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A timeline (or several) relating to Banking.


The early years

1244 Genoa's Leccacorvo bank[1]

1609 Amsterdam Wisselbank founded[2] - the first central bank.

1694 Formation of the Bank of England[3]

The 19th century

1833 (UK) Repeal of the Usury Laws

1844 UK Bank Charter Act[4] - gives the Bank of England the exclusive right to issue banknotes

1863 US National Bank Act[5][6] - creates a national currency system and sets reserve ratio requirements for state and federal banks.

1866 UK:The Overend-Gurney collapse causes banking panic [7]

1890 UK: The Barings crisis. Bank of England organises rescue of Barings bank by Rothschilds[8] - and becomes the banking system's lender of last resort

1850-1907 US: Bank runs in 1857, 1873, 1884, 1890, 1893, (and 1907} [9]

The 20th century

1913 US National Reserve Act creates the Federal Reserve System

1930-33 The Banking crises of the Great Depression

1933 The Banking Act of 1933 creates The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation[10]

US The Glass-Steagall Act [11]

1980 US Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act[12]

1986 UK Building Societies Act[13]

1988 Basel I[14] (The Basel Capital Accord)

1989 US Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act[15]

1995 UK Barings bank failure [16].

1995 :Basel II [17] (Revised International Capital Framework)

1999 US Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act[18] - repealed the Glass Steagall Act of 1933, and introduced other changes including expanding the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

The 21st century

2002

US Sarbanes-Oxley Act[[19]

2005

2007

2008

Bank failures and rescues
French bank BNP Paribas freezes funds because it is .unable to value its US mortgage-backed assets. [20]
Bear Stearns bought by J P Morgan Chase & Co for $2 a share[21] [22] (with $30 billion support from the Federal Reserve).
Bank of England announces its Special Liquidity Scheme[23] (to allow banks to swap temporarily their high quality mortgage-backed and other securities for UK Treasury Bills)
Lehman Brothers becomes bankrupt [24] with losses of $365 billion to insurers of its bonds.

2009

More bank failures and rescues

February

UK Banking Act 2009[25] (including the Special Resolution Regime[[26]

July

"Basel 3": Enhancements to the Basel II framework[27][28]

November

Lloyds Banking Group issues a contingent convertible bond[29].

December

Basel Committee consultative proposals[[30]

2010 January

President Obama proposes the introduction of the "Volcker Rule".