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(New Draft of the Week = Blade Runner)
imported>David E. Volk
(Draft of the Week = Speech Recognition)
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=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[Image:coffeehouse_mashup.jpg|thumb|right|220px|A "mashup" showing locations of coffee houses in Princeton, NJ.  The mashup combined geographical locations provided by the developer with maps from Google.]]
'''[[spoken language|Speech Recognition]]''' is one of the main elements of [[natural language]] processing, or [[computer]] speech technology.  Speech is derived from sounds created by the [[human]] [[articulatory phonetics|articulatory]] organs, such as the [[vocal cords]] and the [[tongue]]. Through variable exposure to speech during infancy, a child is able to understand similar-sounding utterances from different people, perhaps due to the phonetic regularities in the [[syllable]]s they hear. The mental capabilities of the [[brain]] helps humans achieve this remarkable capability. So far, we have only been able to reproduce this in computers on a limited basis.
A '''[[mashup]]''' is an integrated application created by combining data and services of multiple applications.  On the web, "mashup" typically refers to the combining of geographical location information with a service such as [http://maps.google.com Google maps] or [http://maps.live.com Microsoft Virtual Earth]. The term has achieved widespread usage in describing this kind of web application since [[Google]] introduced its public Google Maps API in 2005.   Though not restricted to the web, mashups have become an increasingly popular internet paradigm, leading to the creation of a variety of web based mashups. [[Tim O'Reilly]] lists Mashups as one of the [[Web 2.0]] technologies.  
[[Image:Waveform_I_went_to_the_store_yesterday.jpg|thumb|Waveform of "I went to the store yesterday."]] [[Image:Spectrogram_I_went_to_the_store_yesterday.jpg|thumb|Spectrogram of "I went to the store yesterday."]]
== The Challenge of Speech Recognition ==
[[Writing system]]s are ancient, going back as far as the [[Sumerians]] of 6,000 years ago. The [[phonograph]], which allowed the analog recording and playback of speech, dates to 1877.  Speech recognition had to await the development of computer, however, due to multifarious problems with the recognition of speech.


Before the availability of the Google maps API, mashup-like applications were being developed mainly with proprietary, complex [[Geographic_information_system|geographic information systems]] (GIS) software packages.  Such GIS applications have been available commercially since the 1980's, but it is only since the early 2000's that non-computer-experts have had the tools that allowed such combinations of maps and user-specific data to proliferate on the web.  Mashups that do not use spatial or mapping data are also possible, but the mapping application is likely the first kind that comes to mind when one says "mashup" in the context of the world wide web.
<font size=1>[[Speech Recognition|['''more...''']]]</font>
<font size=1>[[Mashup|['''more...''']]]</font>





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Draft of the Week [ about ]

Speech Recognition is one of the main elements of natural language processing, or computer speech technology. Speech is derived from sounds created by the human articulatory organs, such as the vocal cords and the tongue. Through variable exposure to speech during infancy, a child is able to understand similar-sounding utterances from different people, perhaps due to the phonetic regularities in the syllables they hear. The mental capabilities of the brain helps humans achieve this remarkable capability. So far, we have only been able to reproduce this in computers on a limited basis.

Waveform of "I went to the store yesterday."
Spectrogram of "I went to the store yesterday."

The Challenge of Speech Recognition

Writing systems are ancient, going back as far as the Sumerians of 6,000 years ago. The phonograph, which allowed the analog recording and playback of speech, dates to 1877. Speech recognition had to await the development of computer, however, due to multifarious problems with the recognition of speech.

[more...]


New Draft of the Week [ about ]

Blade Runner is an award-winning 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Harrison Ford, based on a 1968 novel by Philip K. Dick called Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The film, with its elements of film noir and cyberpunk, gained a loyal fan audience following a mixed reaction to its original release, though it did pick up several awards, including three BAFTAs in 1983, with the work of cinematographer Jordan Cronenweth and designer Lawrence G. Paull particularly recognised. Several versions of the film exist, with the biggest differences between the original U.S. theatrical release and Ridley Scott's preferred 'Final Cut' of his work, which appeared in 2007. The plot concerns the pursuit of several bioengineered 'replicants' by Deckard, a police officer assigned to eliminate them in the dystopian streets of Los Angeles, 2019; it deals with themes of slavery and what it means to be human. [more...]