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|[[Image:Writeathon.png|left|40px]]<center><BIG>'''Our first ever [[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon II]]!</BIG><br />''Return for more on Sunday, February 8th!'''''</center><br />
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You're invited to start a new article when it's Sunday in your part of the world, and edit somebody else's new article. It's a '''[[CZ:Monthly Write-a-Thon|Write-a-Thon]]'''!  It's a wiki-whoopie, a cyber-social, a collaborative kegger!  '''Are you new?'''  This is a good day to get a [[CZ:Quick Start|Quick Start]]!
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Welcome to '''Citizendium''', a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their '''real names'''. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject.  Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.
{{Getting Started}}


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{{Image|Water drop crop.jpg|center|300px|Each sentence you add is another drop in an expanding sea of words.}}


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<center>'''"Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;Jackson Brown and H. Jackson Brown, Jr., ''Life's Little Instruction Book''</center>
<center>'''"The ink of the learned is equal in merit to the blood of the martyrs."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;Father Kristoforos, '[[''Birds Without Wings'']], by [[Louis de Bernieres]]</center>
<center>'''"Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;[[Benjamin Spock|Dr. Benjamin Spock (1903-1998)]]</center>
<center>'''"Knowledge is the true organ of sight, not the eyes."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;From the [[Panchatantra|Panchatantra]] [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440899/Panchatantra (Indian literature)]</center>
<center>'''"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it.'''"</center>
<center>&mdash;[[Margaret Fuller|Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)]]</center>
<center>'''"A little knowledge that acts is worth infinitely more than much knowledge that is idle.'''"</center>
<center>&mdash;[[Kahlil Gibran]]</center>
<center>'''"I was brought up to believe that the only thing worth doing was to add to the sum of accurate information in the world."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;[[Margaret Mead]]</center>
<center>'''"Knowledge is the true organ of sight, not the eyes."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;From the [[Panchatantra|Panchatantra]] [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440899/Panchatantra (Indian literature)]</center> -->
<center>'''"The ink of the learned is equal in merit to the blood of the martyrs."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;Father Kristoforos, [http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400079322&view=rg ''Birds Without Wings''], by [http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth2 Louis de Bernieres (b. 1954)]</center>
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=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
{{Image|Shallow Ground-level Trickle Filters.jpg|right|200px|Large, shallow ground-level trickle filters in a municipal wastewater treatment plant}}
'''Large-scale trickle filters''' are wastewater treatment facilities for biochemically oxidizing biodegradable substances present in wastewaters. They consist of a fixed bed of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]s, [[gravel]], [[slag]], [[polyurethane|polyurethane foam]] or plastic media over which [[sewage]] or other [[biodegradable]] [[wastewater]] percolates downward and is contacted with a layer or film of [[Microbe|microbial]] slime covering the bed media. [[Aerobic]] conditions are maintained by air flowing through the bed.


The terms ''trickling biofilter'', ''biofilter'', ''biofilm reactor'', ''biological filter'', ''biological trickling filter'' and ''biotower'' are often used to refer to a trickle filter. These systems have also been described as an attached growth process
, a fixed film process, [[Packed bed|packed media bed]] filters, roughing filters  and percolating filters. 
<font size=1>[[Large-scale trickle filters|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
'''Joseph Black''' (1728-1799), was a Scottish chemist and physicist, known for the concepts of [[latent heat]] and [[specific heat]], and for the discovery of [[carbon dioxide]]. He was a founder of [[thermochemistry]], and was the mentor of [[James Watt]]. Black was a member of the [[Poker Club]] and friend of [[David Hume]], [[Adam Smith]], [[James Hutton]] and other leading figures of the [[Scottish Enlightenment]]. 


Joseph Black was one of fifteen children (8 sons and 5 daughters surviving). His father, John Black, was a wine merchant; his mother, Margaret, was from Aberdeenshire. At the age of twelve, he was sent to a grammar school in Belfast to learn Latin and Greek. In 1744 he enrolled at [[Glasgow University]] to study arts, subsequently changing, to study medicine. There, [[William Cullen]] was his instructor in chemistry, and the relation between the two soon became that of professor and assistant rather than of master and pupil. <font size=1>[[Joseph Black|['''more...''']]]</font>
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
<p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:20px;">
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total]])</small>
</p>
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{{CZ:Quote}}
{{-}}
|-
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----<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
|}
|}
<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Latest revision as of 09:47, 31 October 2024

New Blog Post
Why is Citizendium deleting articles?


Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.

Citizendium Getting Started
Quick Start | About us | Help system | Start a new article | For Wikipedians  


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Join this wiki and start an article
 
Browse the Workgroups:

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Article counts

Citable (146)
Developed (1,129)
Developing (7,403)
Stubs (7,676)
(16,484 total)

There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
— Socrates (469 BC - 399 BC), Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Nuclear power reconsidered

After decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of coal, oil and gas,[1] many countries have proceeded as of 2024 to reconsider nuclear power in order to lower the demand for fossil fuels.[2] Wind and solar power alone, without large-scale storage for these intermittent sources, are unlikely to meet the world's needs for reliable energy.[3][4][5] See Figures 1 and 2 on the magnitude of the world energy challenge.

Nuclear power plants that use nuclear reactors to create electricity could provide the abundant, zero-carbon, dispatchable[6] energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innovative designs for nuclear reactors are needed to avoid the problems of the past.

(CC) Image: Geoff Russell
Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.[7]

Issues Confronting the Nuclear Industry

New reactor designers have sought to address issues that have prevented the acceptance of nuclear power, including safety, waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. This article will summarize the questions that have been raised and the criteria that have been established for evaluating these designs. Answers to these questions will be provided by the designers of these reactors in the articles on their designs. Further debate will be provided in the Discussion and the Debate Guide pages of those articles.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Global Energy Growth by Our World In Data
  2. ↑ Countries, organizations, and public figures that have reconsidered their stance on nuclear power are listed on the External Links tab of this article.
  3. ↑ Pumped storage is currently the most economical way to store electricity, but it requires a large reservoir on a nearby hill or in an abandoned mine. Li-ion battery systems at $500 per KWh are not practical for utility-scale storage. See Energy Storage for a summary of other alternatives.
  4. ↑ Utilities that include wind and solar power in their grid must have non-intermittent generating capacity (typically fossil fuels) to handle maximum demand for several days. They can save on fuel, but the cost of the plant is the same with or without intermittent sources.
  5. ↑ Mark Jacobson believes that long-distance transmission lines can provide an alternative to costly storage. See the bibliography for more on this proposal and the critique by Christopher Clack.
  6. ↑ "Load following" is the term used by utilities, and is important when there is a lot of wind and solar on the grid. Some reactors are not able to do this.
  7. ↑ Fig.1.3 in Devanney "Why Nuclear Power has been a Flop"

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