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<center>'''"Share your knowledge. It's a way to achieve immortality."'''</center>
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<center>'''"The ink of the learned is equal in merit to the blood of the martyrs."'''</center>
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<center>&mdash;[[Benjamin Spock|Dr. Benjamin Spock (1903-1998)]]</center>
<center>'''"Knowledge is the true organ of sight, not the eyes."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;From the [[Panchatantra|Panchatantra]] [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440899/Panchatantra (Indian literature)]</center>
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<center>'''"Knowledge is the true organ of sight, not the eyes."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;From the [[Panchatantra|Panchatantra]] [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/440899/Panchatantra (Indian literature)]</center>
<center>'''"The ink of the learned is equal in merit to the blood of the martyrs."'''</center>
<center>&mdash;Father Kristoforos, [http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400079322&view=rg ''Birds Without Wings''], by [http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth2 Louis de Bernières (b. 1954)]</center> -->
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=== Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[Image:Johannes Diderik van der Waals photographic portrait.jpg|right|thumb|175px|{{Johannes Diderik van der Waals photographic portrait.jpg/credit}}<BR>Johannes Diderik van der Waals, most probably around 1910 when he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]].]]
'''Johannes Diderik van der Waals''' ([[Leiden]], November 23, 1837 &ndash; [[Amsterdam]], March 8, 1923) was a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[theoretical physics|theoretical physicist]]. His name is primarily associated with the [[van der Waals equation]] of [[State (physics)|state]] that describes the behavior of [[gas]]es and their condensation to the [[liquid]] [[phase]]. His name is also associated with [[van der Waals forces]] (forces between stable [[molecule]]s),  with [[van der Waals molecule]]s (small molecular clusters bound by van der Waals forces), and with [[van der Waals radius|van der Waals radii]] (sizes of molecules). He became the first [[physics]] professor of the [[University of Amsterdam]] when it opened in 1877.


Johannes Diderik was the oldest of ten children born to Jacobus van der Waals and Elisabeth van den Berg. His father was a [[carpenter]] in the Dutch city of [[Leiden]]. As was usual for [[working class]] children in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, he did not go to the kind of secondary school that would have given him the right to enter university. Instead he went to a school of "advanced primary education", which he finished at the age of fifteen. He then became a teacher's apprentice in an elementary school. Between 1856 and 1861 he followed courses and gained the necessary qualifications to become a primary school teacher and head teacher.<font size=1>[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals/Draft|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
'''John Brock''' is a fictional British undercover agent created by [[Desmond Skirrow]].  He appeared in three fast-paced, witty, and irreverent spy novels written in the late 1960s.  Like his creator, he is a successful advertising executive in London; but he is also a part-time agent coerced to work from time to time for a secret department on the Addison Road run by the fat man.<ref>Although he is invariably referred to as the fat man, and is called He and Him by some of his underlings, in neither the British nor American editions is he ever capitalized as The Fat Man or the Fat Man.</ref>  Brock is tough, witty, combative, extremely competent, and supremely resilient. Even by fictional standards, he absorbs incredible amounts of physical damage at the hands of his adversaries before, after a few whiskeys and a few hours sleep, he is ready for his next fight against overwhelming odds and, quite likely, yet another beating.


==Cigarettes and sweet white wine==


At the time of his first appearance in ''[[It Won't Get You Anywhere]]'', published in 1966, Brock is most likely in his early 40s, a large, tough, extremely strong man who had apparently served with British special forces in small boats during [[World War II]], probably with SIS ([[Secret Intelligence Service]]} or SOE ([[Special Operations Executive]]).<font size=1>[[John Brock|['''more...''']]]</font>  
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Article counts''' </h4>
<p style="line-height:15px; padding-left:20px;">
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developed Articles|Developed]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developed Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Developing Articles|Developing]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Developing Articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Stub Articles|Stubs]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Stub Articles}}''')</font><br />
<small>([[:Category:CZ Live|{{PAGESINCAT:CZ Live}} total]])</small>
</p>
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----<h3 style="margin-top:0; padding-top:0.6em; border-top:1px dotted #e0e0e0;">
<big>[[CZ:Featured article|Featured Article]]: ''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}]]''</big>
</h3>
{{CZ:Featured article/Current}}
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<div style='text-align: right;'><small>''[[{{FeaturedArticleTitle}}|Continued]]...''</small></div>

Revision as of 12:35, 25 October 2024

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Why is Citizendium deleting articles?


Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive. Read more about who we are.

See Recent Changes—an overview of articles being worked on now.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
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Article counts

Citable (146)
Developed (1,129)
Developing (7,403)
Stubs (7,676)
(16,484 total)

Writing is easy. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and open a vein.
— Red Smith
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Nuclear power reconsidered

After decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of coal, oil and gas,[1] many countries have proceeded as of 2024 to reconsider nuclear power in order to lower the demand for fossil fuels.[2] Wind and solar power alone, without large-scale storage for these intermittent sources, are unlikely to meet the world's needs for reliable energy.[3][4][5] See Figures 1 and 2 on the magnitude of the world energy challenge.

Nuclear power plants that use nuclear reactors to create electricity could provide the abundant, zero-carbon, dispatchable[6] energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innovative designs for nuclear reactors are needed to avoid the problems of the past.

(CC) Image: Geoff Russell
Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.[7]

Issues Confronting the Nuclear Industry

New reactor designers have sought to address issues that have prevented the acceptance of nuclear power, including safety, waste management, weapons proliferation, and cost. This article will summarize the questions that have been raised and the criteria that have been established for evaluating these designs. Answers to these questions will be provided by the designers of these reactors in the articles on their designs. Further debate will be provided in the Discussion and the Debate Guide pages of those articles.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Global Energy Growth by Our World In Data
  2. ↑ Countries, organizations, and public figures that have reconsidered their stance on nuclear power are listed on the External Links tab of this article.
  3. ↑ Pumped storage is currently the most economical way to store electricity, but it requires a large reservoir on a nearby hill or in an abandoned mine. Li-ion battery systems at $500 per KWh are not practical for utility-scale storage. See Energy Storage for a summary of other alternatives.
  4. ↑ Utilities that include wind and solar power in their grid must have non-intermittent generating capacity (typically fossil fuels) to handle maximum demand for several days. They can save on fuel, but the cost of the plant is the same with or without intermittent sources.
  5. ↑ Mark Jacobson believes that long-distance transmission lines can provide an alternative to costly storage. See the bibliography for more on this proposal and the critique by Christopher Clack.
  6. ↑ "Load following" is the term used by utilities, and is important when there is a lot of wind and solar on the grid. Some reactors are not able to do this.
  7. ↑ Fig.1.3 in Devanney "Why Nuclear Power has been a Flop"

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