User:Pat Palmer/sandbox/text15: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
 
(41 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{TOC|right}}
{{Image|Germaine Greer, 28 October 2013 (portrait crop).jpg|right|300px|Germaine Greer in 2013.}}
'''Tallahassee, Florida''' is the capital city of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]]. It is the [[county seat]] and only incorporated municipality in [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]]. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the [[Florida Territory]], in 1824. In 2022, the population was 201,731, and its metropolitan area had 385,145 people.  
{{TOC|left}}
'''Germaine Greer''' (1939 - ?) is an Australian writer and [[public intellectual]], regarded as one of the major voices of the [[second-wave feminism]] movement in the latter half of the 20th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Magarey|2010|pp=402–403}}; {{harvnb|Medoff|2010|p=263}}; {{harvnb|Standish|2014|p=263}}; {{harvnb|Francis|Henningham|2017}}. For the date of birth, {{harvnb|Wallace|1999|p=3}}.</ref>


With a student population exceeding 70,000, Tallahassee is a [[college town]], home to [[Florida State University]], ranked the nation's 19th-best [[public university]] by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]];''<ref name="usnews.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/florida-state-university-1489|title=rankings|website=www.usnews.com|access-date=September 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910192538/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/florida-state-university-1489|archive-date=September 10, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Florida A&M University]], ranked the nation's best public [[historically black university]] by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'';<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2021/09/13/famu-repeats-nations-highest-ranked-hbcu-u-s-news-world-report-florida-a-m/8313998002/ | title=FAMU repeats as nation's highest ranked public HBCU by U.S. News & World Report }}</ref> and [[Tallahassee Community College]], a large [[state university|state college]] that serves mainly as a feeder school to Florida State and Florida A&M.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team, News, Projects {{!}} Tallahassee Investor Relations {{!}} BondLink|url=https://www.tallahasseebonds.com/tallahassee-bond-investors-fl/about/i478|access-date=June 15, 2020|website=www.tallahasseebonds.com}}</ref>
Specializing in English and women's literature, she has held academic positions in England at the [[University of Warwick]] and [[Newnham College, Cambridge]], and in the United States at the [[University of Tulsa]]. Based in the United Kingdom since 1964, she has divided her time since the 1990s between Queensland, Australia, and her home in Essex, England.


As the capital, Tallahassee is the site of the [[Florida State Capitol]], [[Supreme Court of Florida]], [[Florida Governor's Mansion]], and nearly 30 state agency headquarters. The city is also known for its large number of law firms, lobbying organizations, trade associations and professional associations, including the [[Florida Bar]] and the [[Florida Chamber of Commerce]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flchamber.com/ |title=Florida Chamber of Commerce &#124; Home Page |publisher=Flchamber.com |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804012309/http://www.flchamber.com/ |archive-date=August 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a recognized regional center for scientific research, and home to the [[National High Magnetic Field Laboratory]]. In 2015, Tallahassee was awarded the [[All-American City Award]] by the [[National Civic League]] for the second time.
Greer's ideas have created controversy ever since her first book, ''[[The Female Eunuch]]'' (1970), made her a household name.<ref name=Winant2015/> An international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement, it offered a systematic deconstruction of ideas such as [[womanhood]] and [[femininity]], arguing that women were forced to assume submissive roles in society to fulfil male fantasies of what being a woman entailed.<ref>Saracoglu, Melody (12 May 2014). [http://www.newstatesman.com/voices/2014/05/melody-saracoglu-germaine-greer-one-woman-against-world "Melody Saracoglu on Germaine Greer: One Woman Against the World"], ''New Statesman''.</ref>{{sfn|Reilly|2010|p=213}}


==History==
Greer's subsequent work has focused on literature, feminism and the environment. She has written over 20 books, including ''Sex and Destiny'' (1984), ''The Change'' (1991), ''The Whole Woman'' (1999), and ''[[The Beautiful Boy|The Boy]]'' (2003). Her 2013 book, ''[[White Beech: The Rainforest Years]]'', describes her efforts to restore an area of [[Gondwana Rainforests of Australia|rainforest]] in the [[Numinbah Valley]] in Australia. In addition to her academic work and activism, she has been a prolific columnist for ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', ''[[The Spectator]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'', and ''[[The Oldie]]'', among others.<ref name=Buchanan7Jan2018/>


{{Main|History of Tallahassee, Florida|Timeline of Tallahassee, Florida}}
Greer is a [[Women's liberation movement|liberation]] (or [[Radical feminism|radical]]) rather than [[Equality feminism|equality feminist]].{{efn|Germaine Greer, "All About Women" (2015): "I've always been a liberation feminist. I'm not an equality feminist. I think that's a profoundly conservative aim, and it wouldn't change anything. It would just mean that women were implicated."<ref>{{YouTube|id=Jzcs4ti_bdI&t=1h6m4s|title=How to be a feminist}}, All About Women festival, Sydney Opera House, 8 March 2015 (Greer and others discussing feminism; at 01:06:04)</ref>}} Her goal is not equality with men, which she sees as assimilation and "agreeing to live the lives of unfree men". "Women's liberation", she wrote in ''The Whole Woman'' (1999), "did not see the female's potential in terms of the male's actual." She argues instead that liberation is about asserting [[Difference feminism|difference]] and "insisting on it as a condition of self-definition and self-determination". It is a struggle for the freedom of women to "define their own values, order their own priorities and decide their own fate".{{efn|Germaine Greer (''The Whole Woman'', 1999): "In 1970 the movement was called 'Women's Liberation' or, contemptuously, 'Women's Lib'. When the name 'Libbers' was dropped for 'Feminists' we were all relieved. What none of us noticed was that the ideal of liberation was fading out with the word. We were settling for equality. Liberation struggles are not about assimilation but about asserting difference, endowing that difference with dignity and prestige, and insisting on it as a condition of self-definition and self-determination. The aim of women's liberation is to do as much for female people as has been done for colonized nations. Women's liberation did not see the female's potential in terms of the male's actual; the visionary feminists of the late sixties and early seventies knew that women could never find freedom by agreeing to live the lives of unfree men. Seekers after equality clamoured to be admitted to smoke-filled male haunts. Liberationists sought the world over for clues as to what women's lives could be like if they were free to define their own values, order their own priorities and decide their own fate. ''The Female Eunuch'' was one feminist text that did not argue for equality."{{sfn|Greer|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JPycAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 2]}}}}
[[File:Mission San Luis.jpg|thumb|The [[Mission San Luis de Apalachee]] as it may have appeared in the 17th century]]
Indigenous peoples occupied this area for thousands of years before European encounter. Around 1200 CE, the large and complex [[Mississippian culture]] had built earthwork mounds near Lake Jackson which survive today; they are preserved in the [[Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park|Lake Jackson Archaeological State Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tallahasseenewsroom.com/MediaKit/Trivia/ |title=tallahasseenewsroom.com |access-date=August 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712020703/http://www.tallahasseenewsroom.com/MediaKit/Trivia/ |archive-date=July 12, 2014  }}</ref>


The [[Spanish Empire]] established their first colonial settlement at [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]]. During the 17th century they established several missions in [[Apalachee Province|Apalachee territory]] to procure food and labor to support their settlement, as well as to convert the natives to [[Roman Catholicism]]. The largest, [[Mission San Luis de Apalachee]] in Tallahassee, has been partially reconstructed by the state of Florida.{{fact|date=December 2022}}


The [[Narváez expedition|expedition]] of [[Pánfilo de Narváez]] encountered the Apalachee people, although it did not reach the site of Tallahassee. [[Hernando de Soto (explorer)|Hernando de Soto]] and his mid-16th century expedition occupied the Apalachee town of [[Anhaica]] (at what is now Tallahassee) in the winter of 1538–39. Based on archaeological excavations, this Anhaica site is now known to have been about {{convert|0.5|mi|m|sigfig=1}} east of the present [[Florida State Capitol]]. The De Soto encampment is believed to be the first place [[Christmas]] was celebrated in the continental United States, although there is no historical documentation to back this claim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tallahasseemagazine.com/November-December-2012/Not-a-Merry-Christmas/|title=North America's first Christmas? – Tallahassee Magazine – November–December 2012|website=www.tallahasseemagazine.com|language=en|access-date=November 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034949/http://www.tallahasseemagazine.com/November-December-2012/Not-a-Merry-Christmas/|archive-date=December 1, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The name ''Tallahassee'' is a [[Muskogean languages|Muskogean]] language word often translated as "old fields" or "old town".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/names/city3.cfm#T|title=Name Origins of Florida Places|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources|access-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729184751/http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/names/city3.cfm#T|archive-date=July 29, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was likely an expression of the [[Creek (people)|Creek]] people who migrated from Georgia and Alabama to this region in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, under pressure from European-American encroachment on their territory. They found large areas of cleared land previously occupied by the [[Apalachee]] tribe. (The Creek and later refugees who joined them developed as the [[Seminole (tribe)|Seminole]] Indians of Florida. The [[Talimali Band of Apalachee Indians]] in Louisiana identify as present-day descendants of the Apalachee Indians.){{fact|date=December 2022}}
==''The Female Eunuch'' (1970)==
===Writing===
{{further|The Female Eunuch}}
[[File:The Pheasantry-152 Kings Road.JPG|thumb|[[The Pheasantry]], 152 [[King's Road]], [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]]]
When she began writing for ''Oz'' and ''Suck'', Greer was spending three days a week in her flat in Leamington Spa while she taught at Warwick, two days in Manchester filming, and two days in London in a white-washed [[bedsit]] in [[The Pheasantry]] on [[King's Road]].<ref name=Bell31July1969>{{cite news |last1=Bell |first1=Lynne |title=Doctor who refuses to be type-cast |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=31 July 1969 |page=19}}</ref> When she first moved to London, she had stayed in [[John Peel]]'s spare room before being invited to take the bedsit in The Pheasantry, a room just under [[Martin Sharp]]'s; accommodation there was by invitation only.{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|pp=106–108}}


During the [[First Seminole War]], [[Andrew Jackson|General Andrew Jackson]] fought two separate [[skirmish]]es in and around Tallahassee, which was then Spanish territory. The first battle took place on November 12, 1817. After Chief Neamathla, of the village of Fowltown just west of present-day Tallahassee, refused Jackson's orders to relocate, Jackson entered the village, burnt it to the ground, and drove off its occupants. The Indians retaliated, killing 50 soldiers and civilians. Jackson reentered Florida in March 1818. According to Jackson's adjutant, Colonel Robert Butler, they "advanced on the Indian village called Tallahasse (sic) [where] two of the enemy were made prisoner."<ref>Hare, p.22</ref>
She was also writing ''The Female Eunuch''. On 17 March 1969 she had had lunch in [[Golden Square]], [[Soho]], with a Cambridge acquaintance, [[Sonny Mehta]] of [[MacGibbon & Kee]]. When he asked for ideas for new books, she repeated a suggestion of her agent, Diana Crawford, which she had dismissed, that she write about female suffrage.<ref>{{harvnb|Kleinhenz|2018|p=137}}; also see {{harvnb|Packer|1984|p=98}}; {{harvnb|Wallace|1999|p=141}}.</ref> Crawford had suggested that Greer write a book for the 50th anniversary of women (or a portion of them) being [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom|given the vote in the UK]] in 1918.{{sfn|Lake|2016|p=11}} The very idea of it made her angry and she began "raging" about it. "That's the book I want", he said. He advanced her £750 and another £250 when she signed the contract.{{sfn|Packer|1984|p=98}} In a three-page synopsis for Mehta, she wrote: "If [[Eldridge Cleaver]] can write [[Soul on Ice (book)|a book about the frozen soul of the negro]], as part of the progress towards a correct statement of the coloured man's problem, a woman must eventually take steps towards delineating the female condition as she finds it scored upon her sensibility."{{sfn|Lake|2016|p=7}}


===State capital===
Explaining why she wanted to write the book, the synopsis continued: "Firstly I suppose it is to expiate my guilt at being an [[uncle Tom]] to my sex. I don't like women. I probably share in all the effortless and unconscious contempt that men pour on women." In a note at the time, she described 21 April 1969 as "the day on which my book begins itself, and [[Janis Joplin]] sings at [[Albert Hall]]. Yesterday the title was Strumpet Voluntary—what shall it be today?"{{sfn|Lake|2016|p=9}} She told the ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' in July 1969 that the book was nearly finished and would explore, in the reporter's words, "the myth of the ultra-feminine woman which both sexes are fed and which both end up believing".<ref name=Bell31July1969/> In February 1970, she published an article in ''Oz'', "The Slag-Heap Erupts", which gave a taste of her views to come, namely that women were to blame for their own oppression. "Men don't really like women", she wrote, "and that is really why they don't employ them. Women don't really like women either, and they too can usually be relied on to employ men in preference to women."{{sfn|Greer|1986|p=26}} Several British feminists, including [[Angela Carter]], [[Sheila Rowbotham]] and [[Michelene Wandor]], responded angrily.{{sfn|Magarey|2010|p=403}} Wandor wrote a rejoinder in ''Oz'', "On the end of Servile Penitude: A reply to Germaine's cunt power", arguing that Greer was writing about a feminist movement in which she had played no role and about which she knew nothing.{{sfn|Spongberg|1993|p=415}}
[[File:Cascadespark.jpg|thumb|A hand-colored photograph of [[Cascades Park (Tallahassee)|Cascades Park]] in 1912]]
Florida became an American territory in September 1821, in accordance with the [[Adams-Onís Treaty]] of 1819.


The first session of the [[Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida]] met on July 22, 1822, at Pensacola, the former capital of [[West Florida]]. Members from St. Augustine, the former capital of [[East Florida]], traveled 59 days by water to attend. The second session was in St. Augustine, and western delegates needed 28 days to travel perilously around the peninsula to reach St. Augustine. During this session, delegates decided to hold future meetings at a halfway point. Two appointed commissioners selected Tallahassee, at that point an Apalachee settlement ([[Anhaica]]) virtually abandoned after [[Seminole Wars#East Florida (east side of Apalachicola River)|Andrew Jackson burned it in 1818]], as a halfway point. In 1824 the third legislative session met there in a crude log building serving as the capitol.<ref>''Florida: A Short History,'' Michael V. Gannon, {{ISBN|0-8130-1167-1}}, 1993</ref>
===Publication===
[[File:Female Eunuch cover.jpeg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Christine Wallace]] called [[Paladin Books|Paladin]]'s cover, designed by John Holmes, one of the most "instantly recognizable images in post-war publishing".{{sfn|Wallace|1999|pp=161–162}}]]


From 1821 through 1845, during Florida's territorial period, the rough-hewn frontier capital gradually developed as a town. The [[Marquis de Lafayette]], French hero of the American Revolution, returned to the United States in 1824 for a tour. The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] voted to give him $200,000 (the same amount he had given the colonies in 1778), US citizenship, and the [[Lafayette Land Grant]], 36 squaree miles of land that today includes large portions of Tallahassee. In 1845 a [[Greek revival]] masonry structure was erected as the Capitol building in time for statehood. Now known as the "old Capitol", it stands in front of the high-rise Capitol building built in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfhf.net/maps/1839.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040620001604/http://www.cfhf.net/maps/1839.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 20, 2004 |title=Mosquito County 1842 |access-date=May 10, 2006 }}</ref>
Launched at a party attended by editors from ''Oz'',{{sfn|Wallace|1999|p=176}} ''The Female Eunuch'' was published in the UK by MacGibbon & Kee on 12 October 1970,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tweedie |first1=Jill |title=Goodbye love |work=The Guardian |date=28 September 1970 |page=9}}; {{cite news |last1=Lyndon |first1=Neil |author-link=Neil Lyndon |title=Shooting down The Female Eunuch |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shooting-down-the-female-eunuch-d75bkm2t9jz |work=The Sunday Times |date=10 October 2010}}.</ref> dedicated to [[Lillian Roxon]] and four other women.<ref>{{harvnb|Kleinhenz|2018|pp=136–137}}</ref> The first print run of {{frac|2|1|2}} thousand copies sold out on the first day.<ref name=Byrne1986>{{cite news |title=Germaine Greer on Marriage, Children And Society |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1021/825887-germaine-greer-and-the-female-eunuch/ |work=The Late Late Show |publisher=RTÉ |date=24 October 1986}}</ref> Arguing that the suburban, consumerist, nuclear family represses and devitalizes women, the book became an international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement.{{sfn|Reilly|2010|p=213}} According to Greer, [[McGraw-Hill]] paid $29,000 for the American rights and [[Bantam Books|Bantam]] $135,000 for the paperback.<ref name=Greenfield7Jan1971>{{cite magazine |last1=Greenfield |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Greenfield |title=Germaine Greer, A Groupie in Women's Lib |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/mal/MO/philm/germaine/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=7 January 1971 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223025916/http://www.ibiblio.org/mal/MO/philm/germaine/ |archive-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> The Bantam edition called Greer the "Saucy feminist that even men like", quoting ''Life'' magazine, and the book "#1: the ultimate word on sexual freedom".{{sfn|Baumgardner|2001|p=3}} Demand was such when it was first published that it had to be reprinted monthly,{{sfn|Baumgardner|2001|p=4}} and it has never been out of print.<ref name=Winant2015/> Wallace writes about one woman who wrapped it in brown paper and kept it hidden under her shoes, because her husband would not let her read it.{{sfn|Wallace|1999|p=299}} By 1998 it had sold over one million copies in the UK alone.<ref name=McCann25Feb1998/>


Tallahassee was in the heart of Florida's [[Cotton Belt (region)|Cotton Belt]]—Leon County led the state in cotton production—and was the center of the [[slave trade]] in Florida.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/read/259813?title=3%3a%20Slave%20Trading |title=Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum, Florida, 1821–1860 |publisher=|date=July 30, 2012 |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812132531/http://www.questia.com/read/259813?title=3%3a%20Slave%20Trading |archive-date=August 12, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the [[American Civil War]], Tallahassee was the only Confederate state capital east of the [[Mississippi River]] not captured by Union forces, and the only one not burned. A small engagement, the [[Battle of Natural Bridge]], was fought south of the city on March 6, 1865, just a month before the war ended.
The year 1970 was an important one for second-wave feminism. In February 400 women met in [[Ruskin College]], Oxford, for Britain's first Women's Liberation Conference.<ref>{{harvnb|Lake|2016|p=10}}; {{cite news |title=The first Women's Liberation Movement Conference |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/03/2010_08_thu.shtml |work=Woman's Hour |publisher=BBC |date=25 February 2010}}</ref> In August [[Kate Millett]]'s ''[[Sexual Politics]]'' was published in New York;<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Doherty |first1=Maggie |title=What Kate Did |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/131897/kate-millett-sexual-politics |magazine=The New Republic |date=23 March 2016}}</ref> on 26 August the [[Women's Strike for Equality]] was held throughout the United States; and on 31 August Millett's portrait by [[Alice Neel]] was on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, by which time her book had sold 15,000 copies (although in December ''Time'' deemed her disclosure that she was a lesbian as likely to discourage people from embracing feminism).<ref>{{harvnb|Poirot|2004|pp=204–205}}; {{harvnb|Mosmann|2016|p=84}}; {{harvnb|Kleinhenz|2018|pp=166–167}}.</ref> September and October saw the publication of ''[[Sisterhood Is Powerful]]'', edited by [[Robin Morgan]], and [[Shulamith Firestone]]'s ''[[The Dialectic of Sex]]''.{{sfn|Merck|2010|p=13}} On 6 March 1971, dressed in a monk's habit, Greer marched through central London with 2,500 women in a Women's Liberation March.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Heilpern |first1=John |title=Women who came out in the cold |work=The Observer |date=7 March 1971 |page=1}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Whitmore |first1=Greg |title=Women's Liberation Movement march, 1971 – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2018/mar/03/womens-liberation-movement-march-1971-in-pictures |work=The Guardian |date=3 March 2018}}<br />{{cite news |last1=Tweedie |first1=Jill |title=From the archive, 8 March 1971: Women march for liberation in London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/mar/08/1971-womens-liberation-march-archive |work=The Guardian |date=8 March 2013}}</ref> By that month ''The Female Eunuch'' had been translated into eight languages and had nearly sold out its second printing.{{sfn|Wallace|1999|p=299}} McGraw-Hill published it in the United States on 16 April 1971.<ref name=weintraub22March1971/><ref>{{cite news |title=Books of the Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/20/archives/the-best-feminist-book-so-far.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=20 April 1971}}; {{cite news |last1=Kempton |first1=Sally |title=''The Female Eunuch'' by Germaine Greer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/25/archives/the-female-eunuch-by-germaine-greer-349-pp-new-york-mcgrawhill-book.html|date=25 April 1971|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The toast of New York, Greer insisted on staying at the [[Hotel Chelsea]], a haunt of writers and artists, rather than at the [[Algonquin Hotel]] where her publisher had booked her; her book launch had to be rescheduled because so many people wanted to attend.<ref>{{harvnb|Spongberg|1993|p=407}}; for the Hotel Chelsea, {{harvnb|Kleinhenz|2018|p=169}}.</ref> A ''[[New York Times]]'' book review described her as "[s]ix feet tall, restlessly attractive, with blue-gray eyes and a profile reminiscent of [[Greta Garbo|Garbo]]".<ref name=weintraub22March1971/> Her publishers called her "the most lovable creature to come out of Australia since the koala bear".{{sfn|Caine|Gatens|1998|p=44}}


[[File:First reenactment of the Battle of Natural Bridge of 1865 in 1975.jpg|thumb|A reenactment of the 1865 [[Battle of Natural Bridge]]]]
{{anchor|cover}}A [[Grafton (publisher)|Paladin]] paperback followed, with cover art by British artist John Holmes, influenced by [[René Magritte]],<ref name=Hamilton2016p44/> showing a female torso as a suit hanging from a rail, a handle on each hip.<ref>Russell, Marlowe (18 October 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/oct/18/john-holmes-obituary "John Holmes obituary"], ''The Guardian''.</ref> [[Clive Hamilton]] regarded it as "perhaps the most memorable and unnerving book cover ever created".<ref name=Hamilton2016p44>{{harvnb|Hamilton|2016|p=44}}.</ref> Likening the torso to "some fibreglass cast on an industrial production line", [[Christine Wallace]] wrote that Holmes's first version was a faceless, breastless, naked woman, "unmistakably Germaine&nbsp;... hair fashionably afro-frizzed, waist-deep in a pile of stylised breasts, presumably amputated in the creation of a 'female eunuch' based on an assumed equivalence of testicles and mammary glands".{{sfn|Wallace|1999|pp=161–162}} The book was reissued in 2001 by [[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]] at the instigation of [[Jennifer Baumgardner]], a leading [[Third-wave feminism|third-wave feminist]] and editor of the publisher's Feminist Classics series.{{sfn|Baumgardner|2011|p=34}} According to Justyna Wlodarczyk, Greer emerged as "the third wave's favorite second-wave feminist".{{sfn|Wlodarczyk|2010|p=24}}
During the 19th century, the institutions that would develop into what is now [[Florida State University]] were established in Tallahassee; it became a university town. These included the [[Tallahassee Female Academy]] (founded 1843) and the Florida Institute (founded 1854). In 1851, the Florida legislature decreed two seminaries to be built on either side of the [[Suwannee River]], [[East Florida Seminary]] and [[West Florida Seminary]]. In 1855 West Florida Seminary was transferred to the Florida Institute building (which had been established as an inducement for the state to place the seminary in Tallahassee). In 1858, the seminary absorbed the Tallahassee Female Academy and became coeducational.<ref name="fshist">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.fsu.edu/about/history.html|publisher=Office of University Communications, Florida State University|access-date=December 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061306/https://www.fsu.edu/about/history.html|archive-date=January 7, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its main building was near the northwest corner of South Copeland and West Jefferson streets, approximately where FSU's [[Westcott Building]] is today.


[[File:HistoricTallahassee.jpg|thumb|Tallahassee in 1885]]
===Arguments===
In 1887, the Normal College for Colored Students, the ancestor of today's FAMU, opened its doors. The legislature decided Tallahassee was the best location in Florida for a college serving African-American students; the state had segregated schools. Four years later its name was changed to State Normal and Industrial College for Colored Students, to teach teachers for elementary school children and students in industrial skills.
<blockquote>
"When a woman may walk on the open streets of our cities alone, without insult or obstacle, at any pace she chooses, there will be no further need for this book."
</blockquote><ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/11343/42290 "''The Female Eunuch'' first draft"], University Library, The University of Melbourne.  This quote is the first draft's opening line.</ref>


After the Civil War much of Florida's industry moved to the south and east, a trend that continues today. The end of [[slavery]] and the rise of free labor reduced the profitability of the cotton and tobacco trade, at a time when world markets were also changing. The state's major industries shifted to citrus, lumber, [[naval stores]], cattle ranching, and tourism. The latter was increasingly important by the late 19th century. In the post-Civil War period, many former plantations in the Tallahassee area were purchased by wealthy northerners for use as winter hunting preserves. This included the hunting preserve of Henry L. Beadel, who bequeathed his land for the study of the effects of fire on wildlife habitat. Today the preserve is known as the [[Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy]], nationally recognized for its research into [[fire ecology]] and the use of [[prescribed burning]].
''The Female Eunuch'' explores how a male-dominated world affects a female's sense of self, and how sexist stereotypes undermine female rationality, autonomy, power and sexuality. Its message is that women have to look within themselves for personal liberation before trying to change the world. In a series of chapters in five sections—Body, Soul, Love, Hate and Revolution—Greer describes the stereotypes, myths and misunderstandings that combine to produce the oppression.{{sfn|Brock|2016|p=80}} She summarized the book's position in 2018 as "Do what you want and want what you do&nbsp;... Don't take it up the arse if you don't want to take it up the arse."<ref>{{YouTube|id=cCzilf_o6fg|title=Interview with Germaine Greer}}, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2012, Sydney Opera House</ref> Wallace argues that this is a libertarian message, with its background in the Sydney Push, rather than one that rose out of the feminism of the day.{{sfn|Brock|2016|p=82}} The first paragraph stakes out the book's place in feminist historiography (in an earlier draft, the first sentence read: "So far the female liberation movement is tiny, privileged and overrated"):{{sfn|Lake|2016|p=8}}


===1900–99===
{{blockquote|This book is part of the second feminist wave. The old [[suffragette]]s, who served their prison term and lived on through the years of gradual admission of women into professions which they declined to follow, into parliamentary freedoms which they declined to exercise, into academies which they used more and more as shops where they could take out degrees while waiting to get married, have seen their spirit revive in younger women with a new and vital cast.&nbsp;... The new emphasis is different. Then genteel middle-class ladies clamoured for reform, now ungenteel middle-class women are calling for revolution.{{sfn|Greer|2001|p=13}}}}
Until World War II, Tallahassee remained a small Southern town {{cns|date=April 2017|text=with virtually the entire population living within one mile (1.6&nbsp;km) of the Capitol.}} The main economic drivers were the colleges and state government, where politicians met to discuss spending money on grand public improvement projects to accommodate growth in places such as Miami and Tampa Bay, hundreds of miles away from the capital.


Tallahassee was also active in protest during the [[civil rights era]]. The [[Tallahassee bus boycott]] was a citywide boycott in Tallahassee, Florida that sought to end racial segregation in the employment and seating arrangements of city buses. On May 26, 1956, Wilhelmina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, were arrested by the [[Tallahassee Police Department]] for "placing themselves in a position to incite a riot". Robert Saunders, representing the NAACP, and Rev. [[C. K. Steele]] began talks with city authorities while the local African-American community started boycotting the city's buses. The Inter-Civic Council ended the boycott on December 22, 1956. On January 7, 1957, the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause because of the United States Supreme Court ruling ''[[Browder v. Gayle]]'' (1956). In the 1960s there was a movement to transfer the capital to [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], closer to the state's growing population centers. That movement was defeated; the 1970s saw a long-term commitment by the state to the capital city, with the construction of the new capitol complex and preservation of the old Florida State Capitol building.
The ''Eunuch'' ends with: "Privileged women will pluck at your sleeve and seek to enlist you in the 'fight' for reforms, but reforms are retrogressive. The old process must be broken, not made new. Bitter women will call you to rebellion, but you have too much to do. What ''will'' you do?"{{sfn|Greer|2001|p=371}}


In 1970, the Census Bureau reported the city's population as 74.0% white and 25.4% black.<ref>{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 199|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> In 1971, the city elected [[James R. Ford]] to the 5-member City Commission, and he became the city's first African-American mayor in 1972 (commissioners rotated into the position serving a one-year term).
[[File:Germaine Greer, Amsterdam, June 1972.jpg|thumb|Greer in Amsterdam, 6 June 1972, on a book tour for ''The Female Eunuch'']]
Two of the book's themes already pointed the way to ''Sex and Destiny'' 14 years later, namely that the [[nuclear family]] is a bad environment for women and for the raising of children, and that the manufacture of [[Human female sexuality|women's sexuality]] by Western society is demeaning and confining. Girls are feminised from childhood by being taught rules that subjugate them. Later, when women embrace the stereotypical version of adult femininity, they develop a sense of shame about their own bodies, and lose their natural and political autonomy. The result is powerlessness, isolation, a diminished sexuality, and a lack of joy.<ref>{{YouTube|id=CN2xhrEJCxs|title=Germaine Greer explains her interpretation of ''The Female Eunuch''}}, BBC, 9 June 2018</ref> "Like beasts", she told ''[[The New York Times]]'' in March 1971, "who are castrated in farming in order to serve their master's ulterior motives—to be fattened or made docile—women have been cut off from their capacity for action."<ref name=weintraub22March1971>{{cite news|first=Judith|last=Weintraub|date=March 22, 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-shock.html|title=Germaine Greer&nbsp;– Opinions That May Shock the Faithful|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> The book argues that "[w]omen have very little idea of how much men hate them", while "[m]en do not themselves know the depth of their hatred."<ref>{{harvnb|Greer|2001|pp=279, 281–282}}; also see {{harvnb|Greer|1999|p=359}}.</ref> [[First-wave feminism]] had failed in its revolutionary aims. "Reaction is not revolution", she wrote. "It is not a sign of revolution where the oppressed adopt the manners of the oppressors and practice oppression on their own behalf. Neither is it a sign of revolution when women ape men&nbsp;..."{{sfn|Greer|2001|p=353}} The American feminist [[Betty Friedan]], author of ''[[The Feminine Mystique]]'' (1963), wants for women "equality of opportunity within the status quo, free admission to the world of the ulcer and the coronary", she argued.{{sfn|Greer|2001|p=334}}
[[Bobby Bowden]] became the head coach of [[Florida State Seminoles football]] in 1976, and turned Tallahassee into a city dominated by college football, Bowden became very successful very quickly at Florida State. By his second year, Bowden had to deny many rumors that he would leave for another job; the team went 9–2, compared to the four wins total in the three seasons before Bowden. During 34 years as head coach he had only one losing season–his first, in 1976.


In 1977 the 22-story high-rise [[Florida State Capitol|Capitol building]], designed by architect [[Edward Durell Stone]], was completed. It is now (2021) the third-tallest state capitol building in the United States. In 1978 the Old Capitol, directly in front of the new capitol, was scheduled for demolition, but state officials decided to keep the Old Capitol as a museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flhistoriccapitol.gov/ |title=Florida Historic Capitol Museum |publisher=Flhistoriccapitol.gov |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629132433/http://www.flhistoriccapitol.gov/ |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1986, [[Jack McLean (mayor)|Jack McLean]] served as mayor, the second African-American to hold the position.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Gerald |last= Ensley |title=1982 election last gasp of 'good 'ol boy' system  |newspaper=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]|date=September 26, 2015 |url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:MH28VrDT2WEJ:https://www.tallahassee.com/story/opinion/columnists/ensley/2015/09/26/election-last-gasp-good-ol-boy-system/72893100/+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us  }}</ref>
Although Greer's book made no use of autobiographical material, unlike other feminist works at the time, Mary Evans, writing in 2002, viewed Greer's "entire ''oeuvre''" as autobiographical, a struggle for female agency in the face of the powerlessness of the feminine (her mother) against the backdrop of the missing male hero (her father).{{sfn|Evans|2002|p=68}} Reviewing the book for ''[[The Massachusetts Review]]'' in 1972, feminist scholar Arlyn Diamond wrote that, while flawed, it was also "intuitively and brilliantly right", but she criticized Greer for her attitude toward women:


===2000–present===
{{blockquote|Having convincingly and movingly shown how women are castrated by society, turned into fearful and resentful dependents, she surprisingly spends the rest of her book castigating them as the creators of their own misery. There is a strange confusion here of victim and oppression, so that her most telling insights into women's psychic lives are vitiated by her hatred for those who lead such lives. Feeling that women are crippled in their capacity to love others because they cannot love themselves, she feels that women must despise each other. Perhaps this self-contempt explains the gratuitous nastiness of her cracks about faculty wives, most wives, all those who haven't reached her state of independence, and her willingness to denigrate most of the members of the Women's movement she mentions.&nbsp;... The lack of "sisterhood" she shows, of love for those who never chose to be eunuchs and who are made miserable by their sense of their own impotence is more than obtuse and unpleasant, it is destructive.{{sfn|Diamond|1972|p=277}}}}
Tallahassee was the center of world attention for six weeks during the [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2000|2000 United States Presidential election recount]], which involved numerous rulings by the [[Florida Secretary of State]] and the [[Florida Supreme Court]].


In 2016, the city suffered a direct hit by [[Hurricane Hermine]], causing about 80% of the city proper to lose power, including [[Florida State University]], and knocking down many trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2017/09/01/hurricane-hermine-numbers/619992001/|title=Hurricane Hermine: By the numbers|website=Tallahassee Democrat|access-date=February 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223020438/https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2017/09/01/hurricane-hermine-numbers/619992001/|archive-date=February 23, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Celebrity==
===Debate with Norman Mailer===
{{further|Town Bloody Hall}}
{{quote box|align=left|qalign=left|salign=right|width=250px|border=.20em|quote="She was something to be seen: clad in a black fur jacket and a glamorous floor-length sleeveless dress, the thirty-two-year-old Greer was six feet tall, angular verging on bony, and in possession of a thick crown of frizzed-out black hair. Her style on stage was less performance than poised seduction."|source=—&nbsp;[[Carmen Winant]], describing Greer in ''Town Bloody Hall'' (1979)<ref name=Winant2015/>}}


In 2018, the city suffered another natural disaster when [[Hurricane Michael]] hit the panhandle.
In the UK Greer was voted "Woman of the Year" in 1971, and in the US the following year, she was "Playboy Journalist of the Year".<ref name=Spongberg1993p407>{{harvnb|Spongberg|1993|p=407}}.</ref> Much in demand, she embraced the celebrity life. On 30 April 1971, in "Dialogue on Women's Liberation" at the [[The Town Hall (New York City)|Town Hall]] in New York, she famously debated [[Norman Mailer]], whose book ''The Prisoner of Sex'' had just been published in response to Kate Millett. Greer presented it as an evening of sexual conquest. She had always wanted to fuck Mailer, she said, and wrote in ''The Listener'' that she "half expected him to blow his head off in 'one last killer come' like [[Ernest Hemingway]]."{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=175}} [[Betty Friedan]], [[Sargent Shriver]], [[Susan Sontag]] and [[Stephen Spender]] sat in the audience, where tickets were $25 a head (c.&nbsp;$155 in 2018), while Greer and Mailer shared the stage with [[Jill Johnston]], [[Diana Trilling]] and [[Jacqueline Ceballos]].<ref name=Winant2015>{{harvnb|Winant|2015}}.</ref><ref name=Buchanan7Jan2018/>{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=177}} Several feminists declined to attend, including [[Ti-Grace Atkinson]], [[Kate Millett]], [[Robin Morgan]] and [[Gloria Steinem]].{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=175}} Filmmakers [[Chris Hegedus]] and [[D. A. Pennebaker]] captured the event in the documentary ''Town Bloody Hall'' (1979).<ref name=Buchanan7Jan2018/>


==Geography==
{{External media
[[File:Old and New Florida State Capitol, Tallahassee, East view 20160711 1.jpg|thumb|upright|A view of both the historic and the current Florida State Capitols]]
| image1 = [https://collectionimages.npg.org.uk/large/mw19244/Germaine-Greer.jpg In ''Vogue'' magazine], photographed by Lord Snowdon, May 1971{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=170}}
[[File:The Call-Collins House, The Grove- Tallahassee, Florida (7157983334).jpg|thumb|Historic Grove Plantation, known officially as the '''Call/Collins House at The Grove.''' Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call built this antebellum plantation house {{Circa|1840}}.]]
| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20181206100507/https://imgc.artprintimages.com/img/print/feminist-germaine-greer-may-7-1971_u-l-p699dxo1zoo.jpg?h=900&w=900 In ''Life'' magazine], 7 May 1971
Tallahassee has an area of 98.2 square miles, of which {{convert|95.7|sqmi|km2|1}} is land and {{convert|2.5|sqmi|km2}} (2.59%) is water.
|audio1={{YouTube|EWKcs0anxKc|This House Supports the Women's Liberation Movement}}, Greer debates [[William F. Buckley Jr.]], [[Cambridge Union]], 1973; Greer speaks from 00:13:40 and Buckley from 00:20:15.
|video1={{YouTube|id=zT1wHe1DlOM&t=1m15s|title=Greer at the Town Hall, New York, 30 April 1971|link=no}}}}


Tallahassee's terrain is hilly by Florida standards, being at the southern end of the [[Red Hills Region]], just above the [[Cody Scarp]]. The elevation varies from near sea level to just over {{convert|200|ft|m}}, with the state capitol on one of the highest hills in the city. The city includes two large lake basins, [[Lake Jackson (Tallahassee, Florida)|Lake Jackson]] and [[Lake Lafayette]], and borders the northern end of the [[Apalachicola National Forest]].
Wearing a [[Paisley (design)|paisley]] coat she had cut from a shawl and sewn herself, and sitting with her feet on a park bench, Greer appeared on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine on 7 May 1971, under the title "Saucy Feminist That Even Men Like"; there were five more photographs of her inside.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HfnZAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA309 309]}}; {{harvnb|Kleinhenz|2018|pp=171–172}}.</ref> Also in May, she was featured in [[Vogue (magazine)|''Vogue'']] magazine, photographed by [[Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon|Lord Snowdon]], on the floor in knee-length boots and wearing the same paisley coat.{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=170}} (In 2016 the coat, now in the [[National Museum of Australia]], got its own scholarly article, and the photograph by Lord Snowdon is in the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] in London.){{sfn|Mosmann|2016|pp=78, 83}} On 18 May Greer addressed the [[National Press Club (United States)|National Press Club]] in Washington, the first woman to do so; she was introduced as "an attractive, intelligent, sexually liberated woman".{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=173}} She also appeared on ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]'', and on 14 and 15 June guest-presented two episodes, discussing birth control, abortion and rape.{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=183}}


The flora and fauna are similar to those found in the mid-south and low country regions of [[South Carolina]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. The palm trees are the more cold-hardy varieties like the state tree, the ''[[Sabal palmetto]]''. Pines, magnolias, hickories, and a variety of oaks are the dominant trees. The [[live oak|Southern Live Oak]] is perhaps the most emblematic of the city.


===Nearby cities and suburbs===


{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
==Later writing about women==
*[[Crawfordville, Florida|Crawfordville]]
*[[Havana, Florida|Havana]]
*[[Lamont, Florida|Lamont]]
*[[Lloyd, Florida|Lloyd]]
*[[Midway, Gadsden County, Florida|Midway]]
*[[Monticello, Florida|Monticello]]
*[[Quincy, Florida|Quincy]]
{{div col end}}
 
===Cityscape===
{{wide image|TallahasseeCityscape.png|1030px|align-cap=center|A panoramic view of Downtown Tallahassee}}
 
====Neighborhoods====
Tallahassee has many neighborhoods inside the city limits. Some of the most known and defined include All Saints, Apalachee Ridge, Betton Hills, Buck Lake, Callen, [[Frenchtown (Tallahassee)|Frenchtown]] (the oldest historically black neighborhood in the state), Killearn Estates, Killearn Lakes Plantation, Lafayette Park, Levy Park, [[Los Robles Gate|Los Robles]], Midtown, Holly Hills, Jake Gaither/University Park, Indian Head Acres, Myers Park, [[Smoky Hollow Historic District|Smokey Hollow]], [[SouthWood, Tallahassee, Florida|SouthWood]], Seminole Manor and Woodland Drives.
 
Tallahassee is also home to some [[gated communities]], including Golden Eagle, Ox Bottom, Lafayette Oaks and The Preserve at San Luis; the Tallahassee Ranch Club is to the southeast of the city.
 
====Tallest buildings====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! class="unsortable"|Rank
! Name
! Street Address
! Height feet
! Height meters
! Floors
! Year
|-
| 1
| [[Florida State Capitol]]
| 400 South Monroe Street,
| 345
| 101
| 25
| 1977<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/city/102379/tallahassee-fl-usa |title=Tallahassee &#124; Buildings &#124; EMPORIS |access-date=August 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810193036/https://www.emporis.com/city/102379/tallahassee-fl-usa |archive-date=August 10, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2
| [[Turlington Building]]
| 325 West Gaines Street,
| 318
| 97
| 19
| 1990
|-
| 3
| Plaza Tower
| 300 South Duval Street
| 276
| 84
| 24
| 2008
|-
| 4
| Highpoint Center
| 100 South Adams St
| 239
| 70
| 15
| 1990
|-
| 5
| [[DoubleTree|DoubleTree Hotel]]
| 101 South Adams St,
| 220
| 67
| 17
| 1972
|}
 
===Urban planning and expansion===
[[File:Tallahasseeskyline.jpg|thumb|Downtown Tallahassee at night]]
The first plan for the Capitol Center was the 1947 Taylor Plan, which consolidated several government buildings in one downtown area. In 1974, the Capitol Center Planning Commission for the City of Tallahassee, Florida responded to growth of its urban center with a conceptual plan for the expansion of its Capitol Center. [[Hisham Ashkouri]], working for [[The Architects' Collaborative]], led the urban planning and design effort. Estimating growth and related development for approximately the next 25 years, the program projected the need for 2.3&nbsp;million square feet (214,000&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>) of new government facilities in the city core, with 3,500 dwelling units, {{convert|100|acre|ha|sigfig=2}} of new public open space, retail and private office space, and other ancillary spaces. Community participation was an integral part of the design review, welcoming Tallahassee residents to provide input as well as citizens' groups and government agencies, resulting in the creation of six separate design alternatives. {{citation needed|date=November 2018}}
 
===Sprawl and compact growth===
The Tallahassee-Leon County Planning Department implements policies aimed at promoting compact growth and development, including the establishment and maintenance of an Urban Service Area. The intent of the Urban Service Area is to "have Tallahassee and Leon County grow in a responsible manner, with infrastructure provided economically and efficiently, and surrounding forest and agricultural lands protected from unwarranted and premature conversion to urban land use."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talgov.com/Uploads/Public/Documents/planning/pdf/compln/thecompplan/lus.pdf|title=Land Use Element of the Tallahassee-Leon County Comprehensive Plan.|date=January 22, 2016|website=Talgov.com|access-date=January 11, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114153704/http://talgov.com/Uploads/Public/Documents/planning/pdf/compln/thecompplan/lus.pdf|archive-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref> The result of compact growth policies has been a significant overall reduction in the Sprawl Index for Tallahassee between 2000 and 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hamidi|first1=Shima|last2=Ewing|first2=Reid|date=August 1, 2014|title=A longitudinal study of changes in urban sprawl between 2000 and 2010 in the United States|journal=Landscape and Urban Planning|volume=128|pages=72–82|doi=10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.021}}</ref> CityLab reported on this finding, stating "Tallahassee laps the field, at least as far as the Sprawl Index is concerned."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.citylab.com/housing/2014/06/the-us-cities-that-sprawled-the-most-and-least-between-2000-and-2010/372105/|title=The U.S. Cities That Sprawled the Most (and Least) Between 2000 and 2010|newspaper=CityLab|language=en-US|access-date=January 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118073636/http://www.citylab.com/housing/2014/06/the-us-cities-that-sprawled-the-most-and-least-between-2000-and-2010/372105/|archive-date=January 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
===Climate===
{{climate chart
|Tallahassee
|38|64|4.5
|41|68|4.5
|46|74|5.1
|53|81|3.8
|62|88|3.3
|70|92|8.1
|73|93|7.1
|72|92|7.7
|69|90|5.3
|57|83|3.2
|46|73|3.0
|41|66|4.3
|units = imperial
|float = right
|clear = both
|source = NOAA<ref name="NOAA"/>
}}
[[File:AutumnColors.JPG|thumb|Tallahassee experiences four seasons. Shown here are the autumn leaves along the sidewalks of Monroe Street in Downtown Tallahassee.]]
Tallahassee has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with long, tropical summers and short, mild winters, as well as warm to hot, drier springs and autumns.  Tallahassee falls in [[USDA]] [[hardiness zones]] 8b (15&nbsp;°F to 20&nbsp;°F) Summer maxima<!--not necessarily higher by daily mean--> here are hotter than in the Florida peninsula and it is one of the few cities in the state to occasionally record temperatures above {{convert|100|°F|1|disp=or}}; there are an average of 11.2 days per year that have temperatures at least that high.<ref name = NOAA2/> The record high of {{convert|105|°F|0}} was set on June 15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA Weather Records Tallahassee |url=http://www.weather.gov/climate/getclimate.php?wfo=tae |publisher=NOAA |access-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929081457/http://www.weather.gov/climate/getclimate.php?wfo=tae |archive-date=September 29, 2006 }}</ref>
 
Summer is characterized by brief intense [[rain|showers]] and [[thunderstorms]] that form along the afternoon [[sea breeze]] from the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The daily mean temperature in July, the hottest month, is {{convert|82.9|°F|1}}. Conversely, the winter is markedly cooler, with a January daily average temperature of {{convert|51.0|°F|1}}.<ref name= NOAA/> There is an average of 34.6 nights with a minimum at or below freezing, and on average, the window for freezing temperatures is from November 22 thru March 16, allowing a growing season of 250&nbsp;days.<ref name= NOAA/> With the data from the 1991&ndash;2020 normals, Tallahassee is in USDA zone 9a by a small margin, the coldest temperature of the year usually being about {{convert|20.2|°F|1}}. Temperature readings below {{convert|15|°F|0}} are very rare, having last occurred on January 11, 2010.<ref name= NOAA/>
 
During the [[Great Blizzard of 1899]] the city reached {{convert|−2|°F|0}} on February 13, which remains Florida's only recorded subzero reading. At the time, Tallahassee's record low was colder than the record low in [[Tromsø]], Norway. The record cold daily maximum is {{convert|22|°F|0}}, set on the same day as the all-time record low. More recently, a {{convert|28|F|C}} daily maximum was recorded in 1985.<ref name = NOAA/> Conversely, the record warm daily minimum is {{convert|81|°F|0}} on July 15, 1980.<ref name= NOAA/>
However, the city itself is considerably warmer than the airport where the National Weather Service records its data from, even though the National Weather Service does not record data from it. This is due to an [[urban heat island]], which creates an average disparity of 5.8&nbsp;°F (3.2&nbsp;°C) and is especially pronounced during winter.<ref name="theurban">Scripps Media, Inc (December 6, 2014). {{cite web |url = https://www.wtxl.com/weather/the-urban-heat-island-phenomenon/article_d4b682ae-7dbc-11e4-b49e-57bd8d0e597e.html |title = The "Urban Heat Island" Phenomenon |work = [[WTXL]] |access-date = June 11, 2022}}</ref><ref name="explainerthe">Roop, Charles (July 19, 2021). {{cite web |url = https://www.wctv.tv/2021/07/20/explainer-urban-heat-island-effect/ |title = Explainer: the urban heat island effect |work = [[WCTV]] |access-date = August 16, 2022}}</ref><ref name="frostand">National Weather Service. {{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/tae/frost_and_freeze_info |title = Frost and Freeze Information for the NWS Tallahassee Area |work = [[NOAA]] |access-date = August 16, 2022}}</ref>
 
Snow and ice are rare in Tallahassee, not occurring during most winters. Historically, at least flurries are recorded every three to four years, but measurable snowfall of {{convert|0.1|in|cm|1}} or more has only happened once in the 1991-2020 time period. The closest location that receives regular yearly snowfalls is [[Macon, Georgia]], {{convert|200|mi|km}} north of Tallahassee. Nonetheless, Tallahassee has recorded a few accumulating snowfalls over the last 100 years; the heaviest snowfall was {{convert|2.8|in|cm|0}} on February 13, 1958.<ref name="chanceof">Etters, Karl (February 7, 2016). "Chance of flurries dim, despite a cold week". ''Tallahassee Democrat''. February 7, 2016. p. A3.</ref> Tallahassee's other recorded measurable snowfalls were {{convert|1.0|in|cm|1}} on February 12–13, 1899, and [[December 1989 United States cold wave|December 22–23, 1989]]; {{convert|0.4|in|cm|1}} on March 28, 1955, and February 10, 1973; {{convert|0.2|in|cm|1}} on February 2, 1951; and {{convert|0.1|in|cm|1}} on [[2017–18 North American cold wave|January 3, 2018]].<ref name= chanceof/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/tae/pdf/research/NWS%20Significant%20Snowfall%20Events%20in%20Tallahassee.pdf |title = Pattern Recognition of Significant Snowfall Events in Tallahassee, Florida |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]], [[National Weather Service]] |access-date = March 1, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130516074818/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/tae/pdf/research/NWS%20Significant%20Snowfall%20Events%20in%20Tallahassee.pdf |archive-date = May 16, 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>Truchelut, Ryan (January 3, 2018). "[http://www.tallahassee.com/story/weather/2018/01/03/weathertiger-tallahassee-saw-hour-snow/1001292001/ Tallahassee saw an hour of snow for the history books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133705/https://www.tallahassee.com/story/weather/2018/01/03/weathertiger-tallahassee-saw-hour-snow/1001292001/ |date=December 26, 2018 }}". ''[[Tallahassee Democrat]]''.</ref>
 
Although several [[hurricane]]s have brushed Tallahassee with their outer rain and wind bands, in recent years only [[Hurricane Kate (1985)|Hurricane Kate]], in 1985, and [[Hurricane Hermine]], in 2016, have struck Tallahassee directly. [[Hurricane Michael]] passed 50 miles to the west after making landfall near [[Mexico Beach, Florida]] in October 2018 as a Category 5 storm, resulting in 95% of [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]] being without power.
 
[[File:MaclayGardens.jpg|thumb|Maclay Gardens Reflection Pool]]
The Big Bend area of North Florida sees several [[tornado]]es each year during the season, but they are generally weak, cause little structural damage, and rarely hit the city. On April 19, 2015, a tornado touched down in Tallahassee. The tornado was rated [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF1]], and created a path as wide as {{convert|350|yards|m|0}} for almost {{convert|5|miles|km|0}} near Maclay Gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/Confirmed-Tornado-Touched-Down-in-Tallahassee-Sunday-300689511.html |title = Confirmed Tornado Touched Down in Leon County Sunday |work = [[WCTV-TV]] |access-date = November 22, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170620070144/http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/Confirmed-Tornado-Touched-Down-in-Tallahassee-Sunday-300689511.html |archive-date = June 20, 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref> Damage included numerous downed tree limbs and a car crushed by a falling tree. During extremely heavy rains, some low-lying parts of Tallahassee may flood, notably the Franklin Boulevard area adjacent to the downtown and the Killearn Lakes subdivision, outside the Tallahassee city limits, on the north side.
 
The most recent tornado to hit Tallahassee occurred on January 27, 2021. It was rated as [[Enhanced Fujita scale|EF0]] tornado. The tornado caused damage to the city and the [[Tallahassee International Airport]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Dave|last1=Hennen|first2=Holly|last2=Yan|title=A tornado strikes Florida's capital, damaging Tallahassee International Airport|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/27/us/tallahassee-tornado/index.html|access-date=2021-01-27|website=CNN}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = [[Tallahassee International Airport]], Florida (1991–2020 normals,<ref>Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</ref> extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F =  84
|Feb record high F =  89
|Mar record high F =  91
|Apr record high F =  95
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 105
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F =  97
|Nov record high F =  89
|Dec record high F =  84
|Jan avg record high F = 78.4
|Feb avg record high F = 80.4
|Mar avg record high F = 86.0
|Apr avg record high F = 89.7
|May avg record high F = 95.5
|Jun avg record high F = 98.1
|Jul avg record high F = 98.8
|Aug avg record high F = 97.9
|Sep avg record high F = 95.6
|Oct avg record high F = 90.8
|Nov avg record high F = 84.5
|Dec avg record high F = 79.3
|year avg record high F = 99.8
 
|Jan high F = 63.7
|Feb high F = 67.8
|Mar high F = 74.2
|Apr high F = 80.7
|May high F = 88.2
|Jun high F = 92.1
|Jul high F = 93.2
|Aug high F = 92.3
|Sep high F = 90.4
|Oct high F = 83.0
|Nov high F = 72.8
|Dec high F = 66.1
|year high F =
 
|Jan mean F = 51.0
|Feb mean F = 54.4
|Mar mean F = 60.0
|Apr mean F = 66.6
|May mean F = 74.8
|Jun mean F = 81.2
|Jul mean F = 82.9
|Aug mean F = 82.2
|Sep mean F = 79.6
|Oct mean F = 70.2
|Nov mean F = 59.6
|Dec mean F = 53.5
|year mean F =  


|Jan low F = 38.3
===On gender===
|Feb low F = 40.9
====Sex-gender distinction====
|Mar low F = 45.8
In ''The Whole Woman'', Greer argued that, while [[Sex and gender distinction|sex]] is a biological given, [[gender role]]s are cultural constructs. [[Femininity]] is not [[female]]ness. "Genuine femaleness remains grotesque to the point of obscenity", she wrote.{{sfn|Greer|1999|p=2}} Girls and women are taught femininity—learning to speak softly, wear certain clothes, remove body hair to please men, and so on—a process of conditioning that begins at birth and continues throughout the entire life span.{{sfn|Greer|1999|pp=369-370}} "There is nothing feminine about being pregnant", she told [[Krishnan Guru-Murthy]] in 2018. "It's almost the antithesis of that. There's nothing feminine about giving birth. It's a bloody struggle, and you've got to be strong and brave. There's nothing feminine about breastfeeding. God knows it drives everybody mad; they want to see nice big pumped-up tits, but they don't want to see them doing their job."<ref>{{YouTube|id=aU_csXGfdVM&t=29m54s|title=Germaine Greer on women's liberation, the trans community and her rape}}, Channel 4 News, 23 May 2018, at 00:29:54</ref>
|Apr low F = 52.5
|May low F = 61.5
|Jun low F = 70.3
|Jul low F = 72.6
|Aug low F = 72.1
|Sep low F = 68.7
|Oct low F = 57.4
|Nov low F = 46.3
|Dec low F = 40.9
|year low F =  


|Jan avg record low F = 22.1
====Transgender identity====
|Feb avg record low F = 24.5
Greer's writing on gender has brought her into opposition with [[transgender]] activists. In a chapter in ''The Whole Woman'' entitled "Pantomime Dames", she wrote: "Governments that consist of very few women have hurried to recognise as women, men who believe that they are women and have had themselves castrated to prove it, because they see women not as another sex but as a non-sex."{{sfn|Greer|1999|p=64}} Her position first attracted controversy in 1997, when she unsuccessfully opposed the offer of a Newnham College fellowship to physicist [[Rachael Padman]], a [[trans woman]], arguing that, because Padman had been "born male", she should not be admitted to a women-only college.<ref>{{cite news|first=Clare|last=Garner|title=Fellows divided over don who breached last bastion|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/fellows-divided-over-don-who-breached-last-bastion-1257781.html|work=[[The Independent]]|date=25 June 1997}}</ref> She reiterated her views several times over the following years,{{efn|Greer repeated her views in 2016 on an episode of Australia's ''[[Q&A (Australian talk show)|Q&A]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=''Q&A'': Germaine Greer revives an old controversy about what constitutes a real woman|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-11/q&a-germaine-greer-weighs-in-sexuality-transgender/7318024|work=ABC News|date=11 April 2016}}</ref> and in 2018 on Channel 4's ''Genderquake'' debate in the UK.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ditum|date=13 May 2018|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/13/genderquake-failed-now-for-a-proper-trans-debate|title=Genderquake failed. Now for a proper trans debate|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>}} including in 2015 when students at [[Cardiff University]] tried unsuccessfully to [[No Platform|"no platform"]] her to stop her from speaking on "Women & Power: The Lessons of the 20th Century".<ref>{{cite news|first=Steven|last=Morris|date=18 November 2015|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/nov/18/transgender-activists-protest-germaine-greer-lecture-cardiff-university |title=Germaine Greer gives university lecture despite campaign to silence her|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Greer responded by reaffirming, during an interview with [[Kirsty Wark]] for BBC ''[[Newsnight]]'', that she did not regard transgender women as women; she argued that the nomination of [[Caitlyn Jenner]] for Glamour Woman of the Year had been [[Misogyny|misogynist]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-34625512/germaine-greer-transgender-women-are-not-women|title=Germaine Greer: Transgender women are 'not women'|website=[[BBC News]]|date=24 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Kimiko|last=De Freytas-Tamura|date=24 October 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/world/europe/cardiff-university-rejects-bid-to-bar-germaine-greer.html|title=Cardiff University Rejects Bid to Bar Germaine Greer|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lehmann|first1=Claire|author-link=Claire Lehmann|title=Germaine Greer and the scourge of 'no-platforming'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-27/lehmann-greer-and-the-no-platforming-scourge/6887576|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=27 October 2015}}</ref> Over 130 academics and others signed a letter to ''[[The Observer]]'' in 2015 objecting to the use of no-platform policies against Greer and feminists with similar views; signatories included [[Beatrix Campbell]], [[Mary Beard (classicist)|Mary Beard]], [[Deborah Cameron (linguist)|Deborah Cameron]], [[Catherine Hall]], [[Liz Kelly]], [[Ruth Lister, Baroness Lister of Burtersett|Ruth Lister]], and the [[Southall Black Sisters]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Beatrix |display-authors=etal |author-link1=Beatrix Campbell |title=We cannot allow censorship and silencing of individuals |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2015/feb/14/letters-censorship |work=[[The Observer]] |date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014630/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2015/feb/14/letters-censorship |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=12 October 2018 }}</ref>
|Mar avg record low F = 29.1
|Apr avg record low F = 37.3
|May avg record low F = 48.4
|Jun avg record low F = 63.0
|Jul avg record low F = 68.1
|Aug avg record low F = 66.5
|Sep avg record low F = 56.8
|Oct avg record low F = 39.6
|Nov avg record low F = 29.5
|Dec avg record low F = 25.1
|year avg record low F = 20.2
|Jan record low F = 6
|Feb record low F = −2
|Mar record low F = 20
|Apr record low F = 29
|May record low F = 34
|Jun record low F = 46
|Jul record low F = 57
|Aug record low F = 57
|Sep record low F = 40
|Oct record low F = 29
|Nov record low F = 13
|Dec record low F = 10
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch  = 4.51
|Feb precipitation inch  = 4.45
|Mar precipitation inch  = 5.11
|Apr precipitation inch  = 3.77
|May precipitation inch  = 3.28
|Jun precipitation inch  = 8.11
|Jul precipitation inch  = 7.07
|Aug precipitation inch  = 7.65
|Sep precipitation inch  = 5.28
|Oct precipitation inch  = 3.24
|Nov precipitation inch  = 3.03
|Dec precipitation inch  = 4.32
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days  = 8.7
|Feb precipitation days  = 9.0
|Mar precipitation days  = 7.4
|Apr precipitation days  = 7.2
|May precipitation days  = 7.2
|Jun precipitation days  = 13.6
|Jul precipitation days  = 16.7
|Aug precipitation days  = 16.1
|Sep precipitation days  =  9.2
|Oct precipitation days  = 6.1
|Nov precipitation days  = 6.7
|Dec precipitation days  = 9.0


|Jan snow inch = 0.0
===On rape===
|Feb snow inch = 0.0
====Arguments====
|Mar snow inch = 0.0
Greer wrote in ''The Female Eunuch'' (1970) that [[rape]] is not the "expression of uncontrollable desire" but an act of "murderous aggression, spawned in self-loathing and enacted upon the hated other".{{sfn|Greer|2001|p=281}} She has argued since at least the 1990s that the criminal justice system's approach to rape is male-centred, treating female victims as evidence rather than complainants, and reflecting that women were once regarded as male property. "Historically, the crime of rape was committed not against the woman but against the man with an interest in her, her father or her husband", she wrote in 1995. "What had to be established beyond doubt was that she had not collaborated with the man who usurped another's right. If she had, the penalty, which might have been [[stoning]] or [[pressing to death]], was paid by her."<ref name=Greer6March1995/>
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.0
|year snow inch = 0.0


|unit snow days = 0.1 in
{{quote box|align=right|qalign=left|salign=right|width=250px|border=.20em|quote="If we adopt a female-centred view of the offence, can we really argue that a raped woman is ruined or undone? She may be outraged and humiliated, but she cannot be damaged in any essential way by the simple fact of the presence of an unwelcome penis in her vagina."|source=Germaine Greer, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 6 March 1995.<ref name=Greer6March1995/>}}
|Jan snow days = 0.1
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.0


|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=tae |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date = February 25, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
Rape is not the worst thing that can happen to a woman, she writes; if a woman allows a man to have sex with her to avoid a beating, then arguably she fears the beating more. A woman who has been raped has no reason to feel shame (and therefore no need for anonymity), and a female-centred view of rape will not fashion it as something that can "ruin" a woman. "She may be outraged and humiliated", Greer writes, "but she cannot be damaged in any essential way by the simple fact of the presence of an unwelcome penis in her vagina."<ref name=Greer6March1995/> If a woman feels she has been destroyed by such an attack, "it is because you've been told lies about who and what you are", she argued in 2018.<ref>{{YouTube|id=aU_csXGfdVM&t=13m2s|title=Germaine Greer on women's liberation, the trans community and her rape}}, Channel 4 News, 23 May 2018, at 00:13:00</ref> She suggested in 1995 that the crime of rape be replaced by one of [[sexual assault]] with varying degrees of seriousness and swifter outcomes.<ref name=Greer6March1995>{{cite news|ref=none|first=Germaine|last=Greer|date=6 March 1995|title=Call rape by another name|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|page=20}}</ref> In 2018 she said she had changed her mind about calling rape "sexual assault", because most rape (in particular, [[marital rape|sex without consent within marriage]]) is not accompanied by physical violence.<ref>{{YouTube|id=Zg54CZ_Lo9s&t=2m49s|title=Germaine Greer on tackling rape and the gender pay gap}}, ''[[The Wright Stuff]]'', Channel 5, UK, 6 April 2018, at 2m49s</ref> "There is no way that the law of rape fits the reality of women's lives", she said in 2018.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Germaine Greer|display-authors=etal|date=24 March 2018 |title=Debate: Has the #MeToo Movement Gone Too Far? |medium=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=iX1gNTF7liM|time=00:05:20|location=YouTube}} How to:Academy and ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> Her book, ''On Rape'', was published by [[Melbourne University Press]] in September 2018.<ref>{{cite book|first=Germaine|last=Greer|url=https://www.mup.com.au/books/9780522874303-on-rape|title=On Rape|publisher=[[Melbourne University Press]]|location=Melbourne, Australia|date=2018|isbn=978-0522874303|access-date=3 June 2018|archive-date=11 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212916/https://www.mup.com.au/books/9780522874303-on-rape|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USW00093805.csv
| title = Monthly Normals 1991-2020
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = March 8, 2022
}}</ref><ref name=NOAA2>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00088756&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |title=NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=2023-01-25}}</ref>}}


{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
===Me Too movement===
|-
Greer has commented several times on the [[Me Too movement]]. In November 2017, she called for women to show solidarity when other women are [[Sexual harassment|sexually harassed]].<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Germaine Greer |display-authors=etal|date=6 November 2017 |title=Germaine Greer: Australian politician did a Weinstein on me |medium=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOefk34SsMM&t=3m14s |time=00:03:14|location=YouTube |publisher=[[Sam Delaney's News Thing]], RT UK}}</ref> Just before she was named Australian of the Year in Britain in January 2018, she said she had always wanted to see women react immediately to sexual harassment, as it occurs. "What makes it different is when the man has economic power, as [[Harvey Weinstein]] has. But if you spread your legs because he said 'be nice to me and I'll give you a job in a movie' then I'm afraid that's tantamount to consent, and it's too late now to start whingeing about that."<ref>{{cite news|first=Nick|last=Miller|date=21 January 2018 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/germaine-greer-challenges-metoo-campaign-20180121-h0lpra.html |title=Germaine Greer challenges #MeToo campaign|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> In May that year, she argued—of the high-profile cases—that disclosure was "dishonourable" because women who "claim to have been outraged 20 years ago" had been paid to sign [[non-disclosure agreement]]s, but then had spoken out once the [[statute of limitations]] had lapsed and they had nothing to lose.<ref>{{YouTube|id=aU_csXGfdVM&t=8m12s|title=Germaine Greer on women's liberation, the trans community and her rape}}, [[Channel 4 News]], 23 May 2018</ref>
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Tallahassee
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Mean daily daylight hours
| style="background:#f0f011; color:#000;"|10.0
| style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;"|11.0
| style="background:#ff3; color:#000;"|12.0
| style="background:#ff4; color:#000;"|13.0
| style="background:#ff5; color:#000;"|14.0
| style="background:#ff5; color:#000;"|14.0
| style="background:#ff5; color:#000;"|14.0
| style="background:#ff4; color:#000;"|13.0
| style="background:#ff3; color:#000;"|12.0
| style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;"|11.0
| style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;"|11.0
| style="background:#f0f011; color:#000;"|10.0
| style="background:#ffff34; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;"|12.1
|-
!Average [[Ultraviolet index]]
| style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;"|4
| style="background:#f85900; color:#000;"|6
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;"|8
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;"|10
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;"|10
| style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;"|11
| style="background:#6b49c8; color:#000;"|11
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;"|10
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;"|9
| style="background:#f85900; color:#000;"|7
| style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;"|5
| style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;"|4
| style="background:#d8001d; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;"|7.9
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas <ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-us.com/en/florida-usa/tallahassee-climate |title=Tallahassee, Florida, USA – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=September 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012314/https://www.weather-us.com/en/florida-usa/tallahassee-climate |archive-date=November 5, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}


==Demographics==
==Awards and honours==
{{US Census population
{{External media
| 1840 = 1616
|topic=Germaine Greer portraits
| 1860 = 1932
|image1=[https://collectionimages.npg.org.uk/large/mw18996/Germaine-Greer.jpg Bryan Wharton] (1969)
| 1870 = 2023
|image2=[https://collectionimages.npg.org.uk/large/mw15907/Germaine-Greer.jpg Polly Borland] (1999)
| 1880 = 2494
|image3=[http://sydney.edu.au/images/content/news/2011/jan/germaine_greer.jpg Australian stamp] (2011)
| 1890 = 2934
| 1900 = 2981
| 1910 = 5018
| 1920 = 5637
| 1930 = 10700
| 1940 = 16240
| 1950 = 27237
| 1960 = 48174
| 1970 = 72624
| 1980 = 81548
| 1990 = 124773
| 2000 = 150624
| 2010 = 181376
| 2020 = 196169
| estyear = 2022
| estimate = 201731
| estref =
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}
}}
Greer has received several honorary doctorates: a Doctor of Letters from [[York University]] in 1999,<ref>{{cite web |title=Manfred Erhardt, Germaine Greer, Golda Koschitzky, Francesca Valente to Receive Hon. Docs.&nbsp;... |url=http://www.yorku.ca/mediar/releases_1996_2000/archive/110199.htm |publisher=York University |date=1 November 1999}}</ref> a Doctor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 2003,<ref>{{cite news |title=Roll out the honours |url=https://www.theage.com.au/education/roll-out-the-honours-20050613-ge0bwo.html |work=The Age |date=13 June 2005}}</ref> a Doctor of Letters at [[Anglia Ruskin University]] in 2003, and a Doctor of Letters from the University of Sydney in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germaine Greer speaks to University of Sydney graduates |url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=761 |publisher=The University of Sydney |date=4 November 2005}}; {{harvnb|Francis|Henningham|2017}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Germaine Greer - ARU |url=https://aru.ac.uk/graduation-and-alumni/honorary-award-holders2/germaine-greer |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=aru.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>


===2020 census===
The [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] in London has purchased eight photographs of Greer, including by [[Bryan Wharton]], [[Lord Snowdon]] and [[Polly Borland]], and one painting by [[Paula Rego]].<ref name=NPR>{{cite web |title=Germaine Greer |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp06545/germaine-greer |publisher=National Portrait Gallery, London}}</ref> She was selected as an Australian [[National Living Treasure (Australia)|National Living Treasure]] in 1997,<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian National Living Treasure |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/v1293 |website=AustLit |publisher=University of Queensland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003212028/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/v1293 |archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2001 was inducted into the [[Victorian Honour Roll of Women]].{{sfn|Francis|Henningham|2017}} In 2011 she was one of four feminist "Australian legends" (along with [[Eva Cox]], [[Elizabeth Evatt]] and [[Anne Summers]]) represented on Australian postage stamps.<ref>{{cite news |title=Feminists feature on Aussie legends stamps |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-01-20/feminists-feature-on-aussie-legends-stamps/1912494 |agency=Australian Associated Press |publisher=ABC News (Australia) |date=19 January 2011}}</ref> In the UK she was voted "Woman of the Year" in 1971,<ref name=Spongberg1993p407/> and in 2016 BBC Radio 4's ''[[Woman's Hour]]'' placed her fourth on its annual "Power List" of seven women who had the biggest impact on women's lives over the previous 70 years, alongside (in order) [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Helen Brook]], [[Barbara Castle]], [[Jayaben Desai]], [[Bridget Jones]], and [[Beyoncé]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38303886 "Margaret Thatcher tops Woman's Hour Power List"], BBC News, 14 December 2016.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Tallahassee city, Florida – Demographic Profile'''<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Race / Ethnicity
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tallahassee city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1270600&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tallahassee city, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1270600&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|96,753
|94,095
|53.34%
|47.97%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|62,538
|67,503
|34.48%
|34.41%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|381
|398
|0.21%
|0.20%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|6,566
|8,665
|3.62%
|4.42%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|88
|100
|0.05%
|0.05%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|373
|924
|0.21%
|0.47%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|3,331
|7,821
|1.84%
|3.99%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|11,346
|16,663
|6.26%
|8.49%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''181,376'''
|'''196,169'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''
 
===2010 census===
As of the 2010 census, the population of Tallahassee was 181,376. There were 75,949 households, 16.7% of which had children under 18 living in them. 27.7% were married couples living together(based on 2010 data), 14.4% had a female householder with no husband, and 53.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.33. Children under the age of 5 were 4.9% of the population, persons under 18 were 16.7% and persons 65 years or older were 10.3%. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.
 
56.2% of the population was White, 35.0% Black, 4.6% Asian, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 1.3% some other race, and 2.9% two or more races. 6.3% were Hispanic or Latino of any race, and 51.1% were non-Hispanic White. For 2009–2013, the estimated median household income was $39,524, and the per capita income was $23,778.
 
The percentage of persons below the poverty level was estimated at 30.2%.<ref>{{cite web|title=State and County QuickFacts Tallahassee (city), Florida|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1270600.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701100930/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1270600.html|archive-date=July 1, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Educationally, the population of Leon County is the most highly educated population in Florida<ref name="statisticalatlas.com">{{cite web|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Florida/Educational-Attainment|title = The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas}}</ref> with 54.4% of the residents over the age of 25 with a Bachelor's, Master's, professional or doctorate degree.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/county/Florida/Leon-County/Educational-Attainment|title=The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas}}</ref> The Florida average is 37.4%<ref name="statisticalatlas.com"/> and the national average is 33.4%.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-51.html |title = Highest Educational Levels Reached by Adults in the U.S. Since 1940}}</ref>
 
===Languages===
{{as of|2000}}, 92.0% of residents spoke English as their [[first language]], while 4.1% spoke Spanish, 0.6% spoke French, and 0.6% spoke German as their [[mother tongue]]. In total, 8.0% of the total population spoke languages other than English.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=12&county_id=&mode=place&zip=&place_id=70600&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r |title=Modern Language Association Data Center Results of Tallahassee, Florida |website=Mla.org |date=April 2, 2013 |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629164433/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26state_id%3D12%26county_id%3D%26mode%3Dplace%26zip%3D%26place_id%3D70600%26cty_id%3D%26ll%3D%26a%3D%26ea%3D%26order%3Dr |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
==Law, government and politics==
[[File:FlaSupremeCrtBldgFeb08.JPG|thumb|The [[Florida Supreme Court]] building]]
 
===Politics===
Tallahassee has traditionally been a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] city, but the party has been supported by different ethnic groups over time, with a major shift in the late 20th century. Leon County has voted Democratic in 24 of the past 29 presidential elections since 1904. But until the late 1960s, most African Americans were [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchised]] from the political system, dating from a new constitution and other laws passed by Democrats in Florida (and in all other Southern states) at the turn of the century. At that time, most African Americans were affiliated with the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], and their disenfranchisement resulted in that party being non-competitive in the region for decades. Subsequently, these demographic groups traded party alignments.
 
Since passage of the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]] and enforcement of constitutional rights for African Americans, voters in Tallahassee have elected black mayors and black state representatives.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/JHPcolumn/jhp102.pdf
|title=In Tallahassee
|magazine=Journal of Hispanic Philology
|volume=10
|number=2
|first=Daniel
|last=Eisenberg
|year=1986
|pages=97–101
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090302/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/JHPcolumn/jhp102.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|97}} It has become a city in the [[Southern United States|Southern U.S.]] that is known for [[Progressivism|progressive]] activism.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} This is likely due to the large student population that attends [[Florida State University]], [[Florida A&M University]], and [[Tallahassee Community College]]. In addition, in the realignment of party politics since the late 20th century, most of the African-American population in the city now support Democratic Party candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tallahasseecityflorida,US/PST045218|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Tallahassee city, Florida; UNITED STATES|website=www.census.gov|access-date=May 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511010343/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tallahasseecityflorida,US/PST045218|archive-date=May 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://harvardpolitics.com/harvard/just-liberal-college-students/|title=Just How Liberal Are College Students? – Harvard Political Review|date=April 25, 2014|access-date=May 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511004915/https://harvardpolitics.com/harvard/just-liberal-college-students/|archive-date=May 11, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
As of December 2, 2018, there were 112,572 Democrats, 58,083 Republicans, and 44,007 voters who were independent or had other affiliations among the 214,662 voters in [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leonvotes.org/|title=Home – Leon County Supervisor of Elections|website=www.leonvotes.org|access-date=December 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203060034/https://www.leonvotes.org/|archive-date=December 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Leon County's voter turnout percentage has consistently ranked among the highest of Florida's 67 counties, with a record-setting 86% turnout in the November 2008 general election. The county voted for [[Barack Obama]] in the presidential election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leoncountyfl.gov/elect/ |title=Leon Supervisor of Elections Office |website=Leoncountyfl.gov |access-date=August 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810152722/http://www.leoncountyfl.gov/elect/ |archive-date=August 10, 2014 }}</ref>
 
===Federal representation and offices===
[[File:TallahasseeCityHall.JPG|thumb|Tallahassee City Hall]]
Tallahassee is part of [[Florida's 2nd congressional district]].
 
The [[United States Postal Service]] operates post offices in Tallahassee. The Tallahassee Main Post Office is at 2800 South Adams Street.<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120720070918/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/55246?p=1&s=FL&service_name=post_office&z=Tallahassee Post Office Location – TALLAHASSEE]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.</ref> Other post offices in the city limits include Centerville Station,<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120718201343/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/71830?p=1&s=FL&service_name=post_office&z=Tallahassee Post Office Location – CENTERVILLE STATION]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.</ref> Leon Station,<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120717010115/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/58135?p=1&s=FL&service_name=post_office&z=Tallahassee Post Office Location – LEON STATION]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.</ref> Park Avenue Station,<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120720060221/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/72392?p=1&s=FL&service_name=post_office&z=Tallahassee Post Office Location – PARK AVENUE STATION]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.</ref> and Westside Station.<ref>"[https://archive.today/20120716233435/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/69614?p=1&s=FL&service_name=post_office&z=Tallahassee Post Office Location – WESTSIDE STATION]." ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved on May 6, 2009.</ref>
 
The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] maintains a National Weather Service in Tallahassee. Their coverage-warning area includes the eastern Florida Panhandle and adjacent Gulf of Mexico waters, the north-central Florida peninsula, and parts of southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia.
 
The [[United States Army Reserve]] 81st Regional Support Command (USAR) opened an Army Reserve Center at 4307 Jackson Bluff Road.
 
The Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Center (NMCRC) is at 2910 Roberts Avenue host the [[United States Navy Reserve]] Navy Operational Support Center Tallahassee (NOSC Tallahassee) and the [[United States Marine Corps Reserve]] 2nd Platoon, Company E, Anti-Terrorism Battalion and 3rd Platoon, Company E, Anti-Terrorism Battalion.
 
===Consolidation===
Voters of Leon County have gone to the [[Polling station|polls]] four times to vote on [[Consolidated city-county|consolidation]] of Tallahassee and Leon County governments into one jurisdiction combining police and other city services with already shared (consolidated) Tallahassee Fire Department and Leon County Emergency Medical Services. Tallahassee's city limits would increase from {{convert|103.1|sqmi|km2}} to {{convert|702|sqmi|km2}}. Roughly 36 percent of Leon County's 265,714 residents live outside the Tallahassee city limits.
 
Each time, the measure was rejected:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leonvotes.org/Portals/Leon/Documents/Elections%20and%20Results/PDFs_XLSs/Consolidation_City_County_Government.pdf|title=Consolidation of City (Tallahassee) & County (Leon) Government|publisher=Leon County Supervisor of Elections|access-date=November 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021128/https://www.leonvotes.org/Portals/Leon/Documents/Elections%20and%20Results/PDFs_XLSs/Consolidation_City_County_Government.pdf|archive-date=November 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
[[File:Tallahassee FL Leon County Courthouse03.jpg|thumb|The Leon County Courthouse]]
{| class="toccolours"  style="left:left; margin-left:1em; width:300px;"
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center; background:blue" | <span style="color:white;">'''Leon County Voting On Consolidation''' </span>
|-
| '''Year''' || '''FOR''' || '''AGAINST'''
|-
| colspan="3" |<hr/>
|-
| 1971 || 10,381 (41.32%) || 14,740 (58.68%)
|-
| 1973 || 11,056 (46.23%) || 12,859 (53.77%)
|-
| 1976 || 20,336 (45.01%) || 24,855 (54.99%)
|-
| 1992 || 37,062 (39.8%) || 56,070 (60.2%)
|}
 
The proponents of consolidation have stated the new jurisdiction would attract business by its size. Merging governments would cut government waste, duplication of services, etc. However, Professor Richard Feiock of the Department of Public Administration of [[Korea University]] and the [[Askew School of Public Administration and Policy]] of [[Florida State University]] states that no discernible relationship exists between consolidation and the local economy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsu.edu/~localgov/publication_files/Feiock&Park&Kang_Consolidation_K3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614150850/http://www.fsu.edu/~localgov/publication_files/Feiock%26Park%26Kang_Consolidation_K3.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |title=City County Consolidation Efforts: Selective Incentives and Institutional Choice |access-date=August 2, 2014  }}</ref>
 
===Flag===
The former flag of Tallahassee was vaguely similar to the [[flag of Florida]], a white [[saltire]] on a blue field, with the city's coat of arms, featuring the cupola of the [[Florida State Capitol|old capitol building]], at the center. The flag is an homage to the Scottish and Ulster-Scots Presbyterian heritage of the original founders of the city, most of whom were settlers from North Carolina whose ancestors had either come to America directly from Scotland, or were Presbyterians of Scottish descent from [[County Down]] and [[County Antrim]] in what has since become [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Purcell|first=John M.|title=American City Flags (Part I: United States): 150 Flags from Akron to Yonkers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ztmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22white+saltire+on+a+dark+blue+field%22|access-date=February 11, 2011|year=2004|publisher=North American Vexillological Association|location=Trenton, New Jersey|isbn=978-0-9747728-0-6|page=345}}</ref> The current flag incorporates a stylized 5-point star and the city name on a white background.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tallahassee.com/story/opinion/2017/08/11/calmet-design-new-flag-tallahassee/559081001/?cookies=&from=global|title=Calmet: Design a new flag for Tallahassee|website=Tallahassee.com|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903074732/http://www.tallahassee.com/story/opinion/2017/08/11/calmet-design-new-flag-tallahassee/559081001/?cookies=&from=global|archive-date=September 3, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==Education==
 
===Primary and secondary===
[[File:MaclayLowerSchl-1.JPG|thumb|Lower School students at [[Maclay School]] celebrating Grandparents Day in 2008]]
Tallahassee anchors the [[Leon County School District]]. As of the 2009 school year Leon County Schools had an estimated 32,796 students, 2209 teachers and 2100 administrative and support personnel. The superintendent of schools is Rocky Hanna. Leon County public school enrollment continues to grow steadily (up approximately 1% per year since the 1990–91 school year). The dropout rate for grades 9–12 improved to 2.2% in the 2007–2008 school year, the third time in the past four years the dropout rate has been below 3%.
 
To gauge performance the State of Florida rates all public schools according to student achievement on the state-sponsored Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Seventy-nine percent of Leon County Public Schools received an A or B grade in the 2008–2009 school year. The overall district grade assigned to the Leon County Schools is "A". Students in the Leon County School District continued to score favorably in comparison to Florida and national averages in the SAT and ACT student assessment tests. The Leon County School District has consistently scored at or above the average for districts statewide in total ACT and SAT mean composite scores.
 
[[File:08-06-18LeonHighSchl1.JPG|thumb|[[Leon High School]]]]
; Leon County high schools
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Lawton Chiles High School]]
* [[Amos P. Godby High School]]
* [[Leon High School]]
* [[Lincoln High School (Tallahassee)|Lincoln High School]]
* [[Lively Technical Center]]
* [[James S. Rickards High School]]
* [[SAIL High School]]
}}
 
; Public schools belonging to universities
* [[Florida State University School]] ("Florida High") (K–12)
* [[Florida A&M University Developmental Research School]] (K–12)
 
; Charter schools
* Governor's Charter Academy (GCA) (K–8) – Established in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.governorscharter.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=359467&type=d|title=About Us|publisher=Governor's Charter Academy|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
* School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) (K–8) – Established in 1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolofartsandsciences.org/about-sas/|title=About SAS|publisher=School of Arts and Sciences|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
* Tallahassee School of Math and Science (TSMS) (K–8)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://schoolofmathandscience.org/index.php/contact-us|title=Contact Us|publisher=Tallahassee School of Math and Science|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref> – It was previously known as Stars Middle School and only served middle school. In 2014 it received a new charter, adopted its current name, and expanded to elementary grades.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hatter, Lynn|url=https://news.wfsu.org/wfsu-local-news/2014-12-09/stars-middle-school-gets-new-name-new-grades-levels-and-new-charter|title=Stars Middle School Gets New Name, New Grades Levels And New Charter |work=[[WFSU-TV|WFSU]]|date=December 9, 2014|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
 
; Private schools
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*Atlantis Academy (K–12) – Established in 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlantisacademy.com/history/|title=History|publisher=Atlantis Academy|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
*[[Community Christian School (Tallahassee, Florida)|Community Christian School]] (K-12)
*[[John Paul II Catholic High School (Tallahassee, Florida)|John Paul II Catholic High School]]
*[[Maclay School]] (PK3–12)
*[[North Florida Christian High School]]
*Cornerstone Learning Community (PK3–8)
*Trinity Catholic School ([[K–8 school|PK–3,K–8]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trinityknights.org/domain/27|title=History|publisher=Trinity Catholic School|access-date=May 20, 2020}}</ref>
*Holy Comforter Episcopal School (PK3–8)
*[[Woodland Hall Academy]] (K–12) – CLOSED
*The Magnolia School, K–8
}}
 
; Virtual schools
*[[Franklin Virtual High School]]
 
===Higher education===
 
[[File:FSUWestcottBuilding-2.jpg|thumb|The [[Westcott Building|Westcott Plaza]] at [[Florida State University]]]]
 
====Florida State University====
 
[[Florida State University]] (commonly referred to as '''Florida State''' or '''FSU''') is an American [[public university|public]] [[space grant colleges|space-grant]] and [[sea grant colleges|sea-grant]] [[research university]]. Florida State is on a 1,391.54-acre (5.631 km2) campus in the state capital of Tallahassee, Florida, United States. It is a senior member of the [[State University System of Florida]]. Founded in 1851, it is on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.<ref name="The Argo of the Florida State College, Vol II, pg. 114">{{cite web | last = Meginniss | first = Benjamin A. | author2 = Winthrop, Francis B. | author3 = Ames, Henrietta O. | author4 = Belcher, Burton E. | author5 = Paret, Blanche | author6 = Holliday, Roderick M. | author7 = Crawford, William B. | author8 = Belcher, Irving J. | title = The Argo of the Florida State College | volume = II | publisher = The Franklin Printing & Publishing Co., Atlanta | year = 1902 | url = https://archive.org/stream/argo219011902flor#page/114/mode/2up | access-date = April 26, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118141349/https://archive.org/stream/argo219011902flor#page/114/mode/2up | archive-date = January 18, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="SPT">{{cite news|title=FSU's age change: history or one-upmanship? |first=Barry |last=Klein |newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |date=July 29, 2000 |url=http://www.sptimes.com/News/072900/State/FSU_s_age_change__his.shtml |access-date=July 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017154646/http://www.sptimes.com/News/072900/State/FSU_s_age_change__his.shtml |archive-date=October 17, 2012 }}</ref>
 
The university is classified as a [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|Research University with Very High Research]] by the [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Florida State University | work=Classifications | publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching | year=2013 | url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=134097 | access-date=April 26, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629183038/http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=134097 | archive-date=June 29, 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The university comprises 16 separate [[colleges]] and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs.<ref name="Florida State University, FSU Departments">{{cite web | title=Colleges, Schools, Departments, Institutes, and Administrative Units | work=FSU Departments | publisher=Florida State University | date=April 26, 2013 | url=http://www.fsu.edu/departments/ | access-date=April 26, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430165557/http://www.fsu.edu/departments/ | archive-date=April 30, 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The university has an annual budget of over $1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://learningforlife.capd.fsu.edu/bot/oct9_15.htm|title=Florida State University Board of Trustees Meeting|website=Learningforlife.capd.fsu.edu|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013202125/http://learningforlife.capd.fsu.edu/bot/oct9_15.htm|archive-date=October 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Florida State is home to Florida's only National Laboratory – the [[National High Magnetic Field Laboratory]] and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug [[Taxol]]. Florida State University also operates The [[John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art]], the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the nation's largest museum/university complexes.<ref name="The Ringling">{{cite web|title=The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art |work=FSU Departments |publisher=The John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art |date=April 26, 2013 |url=http://www.ringling.org/About2.aspx?id=930 |access-date=April 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517163624/http://www.ringling.org/About2.aspx?id=930 |archive-date=May 17, 2013 }}</ref>
 
The university is accredited by the [[Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]] (SACS). Florida State University is home to nationally ranked programs in many academic areas, including law, business, engineering, medicine, [[social policy]], film, music, theater, dance, visual art, [[political science]], [[psychology]], social work, and the sciences.<ref name="Florida State University Highlights and Rankings">{{cite web |url=http://www.fsu.edu/highlights/rankings.html#human/ |title=Florida State University – College Highlights and Selected National Rankings |access-date=May 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516124513/http://www.fsu.edu/highlights/rankings.html#human/ |archive-date=May 16, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Florida State University leads Florida in four of eight areas of external funding for the [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] disciplines (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsu.edu/highlights/rankings.html|title=FSU Highlights|work=fsu.edu|access-date=October 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017140700/http://www.fsu.edu/highlights/rankings.html|archive-date=October 17, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
For 2022, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked Florida State as the 19th best public university in the United States and 55th among top national universities.<ref name="usnews.com"/>
 
[[List of Governors of Florida|Florida Governor Rick Scott]] and the state legislature designated Florida State University as one of two "preeminent" state universities in the spring of 2013 among the twelve universities of the State University System of Florida.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefloridacurrent.com/article.cfm?id=33191813 |date=June 10, 2013 |publisher=The Florida Current |title=UF, FSU get special designation, more money |first=James |last=Call |access-date=June 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103114004/http://www.thefloridacurrent.com/article.cfm?id=33191813 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CS/CS/SB 1076: K-20 Education|url=http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2013/1076|website=Flsenate.gov|access-date=April 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420165557/http://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2013/1076|archive-date=April 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Our Opinion: FSU benefits from pre-eminent status|url=http://www.tallahassee.com/article/20130423/OPINION01/304230001/Our-Opinion-FSU-benefits-from-pre-eminent-status|newspaper=The Tallahassee Democrat|access-date=April 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030015343/http://www.tallahassee.com/article/20130423/OPINION01/304230001/Our-Opinion-FSU-benefits-from-pre-eminent-status|archive-date=October 30, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
FSU's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their [[Florida State Seminoles]] nickname, compete in [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] and the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] (ACC). The [[Florida State Seminoles]] athletics program are favorites of passionate students, fans and alumni across the United States, especially when led by the [[Marching Chiefs]] of the [[Florida State University College of Music]]. In their 113-year history, Florida State's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships.<ref name="FSU_ATH_TL">{{cite news |title=FSU Athletics Timeline |first=Jim |last=Joanos |date=June 2012 |url=http://nolefan.org/garnet/seminole72.html |access-date=April 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703082917/http://nolefan.org/garnet/seminole72.html |archive-date=July 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
====Florida A&M University====
 
[[File:FloridaAM.JPG|thumb|[[Florida A&M University]]'s Lee Hall Auditorium<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famu.edu/index.cfm?LeeHallAuditorium|title=Lee Hall Auditorium : Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University 2017|website=Famu.edu|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040124/http://www.famu.edu/index.cfm?LeeHallAuditorium|archive-date=December 1, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
Founded on October 3, 1887, [[Florida A&M University]] (commonly referred to as '''FAMU''') is a public, [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black university]] and [[land-grant]] university that is part of the State University System of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. FAMU's main campus comprises 156 buildings spread over {{convert|422|acre|km2|sigfig=2}} on top of the highest geographic hill of Tallahassee. The university also has several satellite campuses, including a site in Orlando where its College of Law is located and sites in Miami, Jacksonville and Tampa for its pharmacy program. Florida A&M University offers 54 bachelor's degrees and 29 master's degrees. The university has 12 schools and colleges and one institute.
 
FAMU has 11 doctoral programs which include 10 PhD programs: chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, biomedical engineering, physics, pharmaceutical sciences, educational leadership, and environmental sciences. Top undergraduate programs are architecture, journalism, computer information sciences, and psychology. FAMU's top graduate programs include pharmaceutical sciences along with public health, physical therapy, engineering, physics, master's of applied social sciences (especially history and public administration), business and sociology.
 
====Tallahassee Community College====
 
[[File:Tallahassee Community College entrance and administration building.jpg|thumb|The Hinson Administration Building at [[Tallahassee Community College]]]]
[[Tallahassee Community College]] (TCC) is a member of the [[Florida College System]]. Tallahassee Community College is accredited by the [[Florida Department of Education]] and the [[Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]]. Its primary campus is on a 270-acre (1.092 km2) campus in Tallahassee. The institution was founded in 1966 by the [[Florida Legislature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcc.fl.edu/404/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208094238/https://www.tcc.fl.edu/about_tcc|url-status=dead|title=Tallahassee Community College|archive-date=February 8, 2012|website=www.tcc.fl.edu}}</ref>
 
TCC offers [[Bachelor's of Science]], [[Associate of Arts]], [[Associate of Science]], and [[Associate's degree|Associate of Applied Sciences]] degrees. In 2013, Tallahassee Community College was listed 1st in the nation in graduating students with A.A. degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ccweek.com/article-3461-associate-degree-certificate-producers-2013.html|title=Associate Degree & Certificate Producers, 2013|website=Ccweek.com|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517183755/http://ccweek.com/article-3461-associate-degree-certificate-producers-2013.html|archive-date=May 17, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> TCC is also the No. 1 transfer school in the nation to [[Florida State University]] and [[Florida A&M University]]. As of Fall 2015, TCC reported 38,017 students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/15267/urlt/FactBook2016.pdf |title=The Fact Book |access-date=April 5, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114913/http://fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/15267/urlt/FactBook2016.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2017  }}</ref>
 
In partnership with [[Florida State University]], and [[Florida A&M University]] Tallahassee Community College offers the ''TCC2FSU'', and ''TCC2FAMU'' program. This program provides guaranteed admission into Florida State University and Florida A&M University for TCC Associate in Arts degree graduates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcc.fl.edu/Future/GoldenGuarantee/TCC2FSU/Pages/default.aspx|title=Library – Tallahassee Community College|website=Tcc.fl.edu|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403095911/https://www.tcc.fl.edu/Future/GoldenGuarantee/TCC2FSU/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=April 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcc.fl.edu/academics/transfer-options/tcc2famu/|title=TCC2FAMU – Tallahassee Community College|website=www.tcc.fl.edu|access-date=May 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508012147/http://www.tcc.fl.edu/academics/transfer-options/tcc2famu/|archive-date=May 8, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
====List of other colleges====
 
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Barry University School of Adult and Continuing Education – Tallahassee Campus]]
* [[Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide|Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University]]
* [[Flagler College – Tallahassee Campus]]
* [[Keiser University|Keiser University – Tallahassee Campus]]
* [[Lively Technical Center|Lewis M. Lively Area Vocational-Technical School]]
* [[Saint Leo University]] – Tallahassee Campus
{{div col end}}
 
==Economy==
 
Companies based in Tallahassee include: [[Citizens Property Insurance Corporation]], the [[Municipal Code Corporation]], the [[State Board of Administration of Florida]] (SBA), the Mainline Information Systems,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mainline.com|title=Mainline – IT Solutions, Software, Managed Business Services|website=Mainline|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017130908/https://www.mainline.com/|archive-date=October 17, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and United Solutions Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unitedsolutions.coop|title=Core Processing for Credit Unions|website=Unitedsolutions.coop|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930010829/https://www.unitedsolutions.coop/|archive-date=September 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
===Top employers===
According to Tallahassee's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.talgov.com/Uploads/Public/Documents/fm/cafr/21cafr.pdf |title=City of Tallahassee ACFR |website=Talgov.com |access-date=August 7, 2022 }}</ref> the top employers in the city are:
 
[[File:Old Downtown Tallahassee Clock.jpg|thumb|The old clock at the corner of Park Avenue and Monroe Street in Downtown Tallahassee]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Employer
! # of Employees
! # of Employees in 2012
|-
| 1
| [[Florida|State of Florida]]
|style="text-align: right;"|26,042
|style="text-align: right;"|20,961
|-
|2
| [[Florida State University]]
|style="text-align: right;"|15,011
|style="text-align: right;"|13,501
|-
|3
| [[Tallahassee Memorial Hospital]]
|style="text-align: right;"|5,349
|style="text-align: right;"|3,060
|-
|4
| [[Leon County Schools|Leon County School Board]]
|style="text-align: right;"|4,300
|style="text-align: right;"|4,306
|-
|5
| City of Tallahassee
|style="text-align: right;"|2,856
|style="text-align: right;"|2,848
|-
|6
| [[Walmart]]
|style="text-align: right;"|2,655
|style="text-align: right;"|2,000
|-
|7
| [[Publix]]
|style="text-align: right;"|2,543
|style="text-align: right;"| n/a
|-
|8
| [[Florida A&M University]]
|style="text-align: right;"|1,749
|style="text-align: right;"|1,937
|-
|9
| [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]]
|style="text-align: right;"|1,744
|style="text-align: right;"|1,783
|-
|10
| [[Tallahassee Community College]]
|style="text-align: right;"|1,475
|style="text-align: right;"|1,821
|-
|11
| [[Capital Regional Medical Center]]
|style="text-align: right;"|1,095
|style="text-align: right;"|1,122
|}
 
==Arts and culture==
[[File:Railroad Square Art Park Gallery 621.JPG|thumb|Railroad Square is a popular spot for students and residents of Tallahassee, especially on the first Friday of every month when all the galleries are open to the public.]]
 
===Entertainment and performing arts===
Tallahassee is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers.
 
A major source of entertainment and art is the [[Railroad Square|Railroad Square Art Park]]. The Railroad Square Art Park is an arts, culture and entertainment district of Tallahassee, Florida, off Railroad Avenue, filled with a variety of metal art sculptures and stores selling artwork and collectibles. Railroad Square is mainly known for its small locally owned shops and working artist studios, and its alternative art scene. On the first Friday of every month, Railroad Square is home to a free gallery hop known as 'First Friday' and features live music, open galleries, and food trucks, where upwards of 5000-7000+ Tallahasseeans of all ages come to enjoy the evening.
 
===Museums===
Tallahassee is known for its many museums. It is home to the '''Museum of Fine Arts''' at Florida State University, [[Tallahassee Museum]], [[Goodwood Plantation|Goodward Museum & Gardens]], [[Museum of Florida History]], [[Mission San Luis de Apalachee]], [[Tallahassee Automobile Museum]], Old Capitol Museum, Knott House Museum, and The Grove.
 
===Festivals and events===
[[File:FSU Marching Chiefs and Cheerleaders.jpg|thumb|FSU Marching Chiefs and Cheerleaders performing in a parade in Downtown Tallahassee]]
 
*[[Downtown Getdown]] ([[Florida State Seminoles]] Pep Rally)
*[[First Friday (public event)|First Friday]] festivals at [[Railroad Square]]
*[[Greek Food Festival (Tallahassee)|Greek Food Festival]]
*[[Springtime Tallahassee]]
*[[Tallahassee Wine and Food Festival]]
*[[Winter Festival]]
 
===City accolades===
[[File:Asian Festival.jpg|thumb|The Tallahassee Asian Festival]]
*1988: ''[[Money Magazine]]''{{'}}s Southeast's three top medium size cities in which to live.
*1992: Awarded [[Arbor Day Foundation#Programs|Tree City USA]] by [[Arbor Day|National Arbor Day Foundation]]
*1999: Awarded [[All-America City Award]] by the [[National Civic League]]
*2003: Awarded [[Tree Line USA]] by the [[Arbor Day|National Arbor Day Foundation]].
*2006: Awarded "Best In America" Parks and Recreation by the [[National Recreation and Park Association]].
*2007: Recognized by Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine as one of the "Top Ten College Towns for Grownups" (ranking second, behind Chapel Hill, North Carolina)
*2007: Ranked second in the "medium sized city" class on [[Epodunk]]'s list of college towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/top10/colleges/index.html |title=ePodunk College Towns Index |website=Epodunk.com |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629084618/http://www.epodunk.com/top10/colleges/index.html |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2015: Awarded [[All-America City Award]] by the [[National Civic League]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ensley|first1=Gerald|title=Tallahassee named All-America City — again|url=http://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/local/2015/06/15/tallahassee-named-america-city/71236276/|website=Tallahassee Democrat|access-date=July 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120102503/https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/local/2015/06/15/tallahassee-named-america-city/71236276/|archive-date=November 20, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Sports==
[[File:Doak Campbell416.jpg|thumb|FSU's Doak Campbell Stadium]]
 
===Florida State Seminoles===
Tallahassee is home to one of the most competitive [[College athletics in the United States|collegiate athletics]] programs in the nation, the [[Florida State Seminoles]] of Florida State University. The Seminoles compete in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]. The university funds 20 varsity teams, consisting of 9 male and 11 female. They have collectively won 19 team [[national championship]]s, and over 100 team conference championships, as well as numerous individual national and conference titles. The program has placed in the top-10 final standings of the [[NACDA Directors' Cup|Director's Cup]] four times since 2008–2009, including No. 4 for the 2009–2010 season and No. 4 for the 2011–2012 season. In 2016–2017, the program generated the thirteenth-most revenue in [[College athletics in the United States|collegiate athletics]] with $144,514,413 of total revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.usatoday.com/|title=USA TODAY Sports|website=USA TODAY Sports|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928125233/http://sports.usatoday.com/|archive-date=September 28, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[College football]] game weekends bring in a significant amount of tourism to [[Leon County, Florida|Leon County]]. FSU home games had a total attendance of 575,478 people with an average of 82,211 attendees per game in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/Attendance/2014.pdf |title=Football attendance records |website=fs.ncaa.org |access-date=May 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915170047/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/Attendance/2014.pdf |archive-date=September 15, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> During football season, out-of-town attendees brought $48.8&nbsp;million in direct spending during the six home games. In 2016, Florida State football home games resulted in $95.5&nbsp;million of economic impact on Leon County.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economic-impact.fsu.edu/|title=Home|website=Florida State's Economic Impact|access-date=December 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202722/https://economic-impact.fsu.edu/|archive-date=December 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Controversial views==
{| class="wikitable"
Writer [[Yvonne Roberts]] referred to Greer as "the [[contrarian]] queen".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Yvonne|last2=Hirsch|first2=Afua|last3=Parkinson|first3=Hannah-Jane|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/sep/09/germaine-greer-on-rape-book-three-women-respond|title=Reading Germaine: three generations respond to On Rape|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 September 2018|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> Sarah Ditum wrote that Greer "doesn't get into trouble occasionally or inadvertently, but consistently and with the attitude of a tank rolling directly into a crowd of infantry".<ref name=Ditum6June2018/> ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' has labelled her a "human headline".<ref>{{cite news |title=Greer given enough rope |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/greer-given-enough-rope-20040719-gdjdf9.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=19 July 2004}}</ref> British actor and comedian [[Tracey Ullman]] has portrayed Greer as an elderly woman picking fights at bus stops.<ref name=Ditum6June2018>{{cite news|last=Ditum|first=Sarah|title=Germaine Greer has always refused to be 'nice' – if only there were more of her|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/06/germaine-greer-has-always-refused-be-nice-if-only-there-were-more-her|work=[[New Statesman]]|date=6 June 2018}}</ref> In response to criticism of Greer, [[Polly Toynbee]] wrote in 1988: "Small minds, small spirits affronted by the sheer size and magnetism of the woman."{{sfn|Toynbee|2012|p=127}}
|-
!Teams
!Division
!Conference
!Venue
!Capacity
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles football]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-1]] ([[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]])
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[Doak Campbell Stadium]]
|79,560
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles men's basketball]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-I]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|12,500
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles women's basketball]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-I]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|12,500
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles baseball]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-I]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[Mike Martin Field at Dick Howser Stadium|Dick Howser Stadium]]
|6,700
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles softball]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-I]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[JoAnne Graf Field at the Seminole Softball Complex|JoAnne Graf Field]]
|1,000
|-
|[[Florida State Seminoles women's soccer]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-1]]
|[[Atlantic Coast Conference|ACC]]
|[[Seminole Soccer Complex]]
|2,000
|-
|[[Florida A&M Rattlers]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-1]]
|[[Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference|MEAC]]
|[[Bragg Memorial Stadium]]
|25,500
|-
|[[Florida A&M Rattlers men's basketball]]
|[[NCAA Division I|D-I]]
|[[Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference|MEAC]]
|[[Teaching Arena]]
|8,470
|}


===Other===
Greer said that the [[The Satanic Verses controversy|1989 fatwa]] against [[Salman Rushdie]] for his novel ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' (1988)<ref name=Lewis29July2006>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Paul |title='You sanctimonious philistine' – Rushdie v Greer, the sequel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jul/29/topstories3.books |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=29 July 2006}}</ref> was his own fault, although she also added her name that year to a petition in his support.<ref>{{cite news |title=World Statement, International Committee for the Defence of Salman Rushdie and his Publishers |work=[[The Observer]] |date=5 March 1989 |page=4}}</ref> In 2006, she supported activists trying to halt the filming in London's [[Brick Lane]] of the film ''[[Brick Lane (2007 film)|Brick Lane]]'' (based on [[Monica Ali]]'s novel of the same name) because, she wrote, "a proto-Bengali writer with a Muslim name" had portrayed Bengali Muslims as "irreligious and disorderly". Rushdie called her comments "philistine, sanctimonious, and disgraceful, but&nbsp;... not unexpected".<ref name=Lewis29July2006/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Years Active
!Venue
|-
|[[Tallahassee Tiger Sharks]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[ECHL]]
|1994–2001
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|-
|[[Tallahassee Scorpions]]
|[[Indoor soccer]]
|[[EISL]]
|1997–1998
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|-
|[[Tallahassee Thunder]]
|[[American Football]]
|[[Arena Football]]
|2000–2002
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|-
|[[Tallahassee Titans]]
|[[American Football]]
|[[American Indoor Football Association|AIFL]]
|2007
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|-
|[[Tallahassee Tigers]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[American Basketball Association (2000–present)|ABA]]
|2007
|[[Donald L. Tucker Center]]
|-
|[[Tallahassee SC]]
|Soccer
|[[National Premier Soccer League|NPSL]]
|2018–
|[[Gene Cox Stadium]]
|}
Tallahassee is home to [[Tallahassee SC]], a soccer club that was founded in 2018 and plays in the [[National Premier Soccer League]].


Some former sports clubs in Tallahassee include the [[Tallahassee Tiger Sharks]], [[Tallahassee Scorpions]], [[Tallahassee Thunder]], [[Tallahassee Titans]], and the [[Tallahassee Tigers]].
In May 1995, in her column for ''[[The Guardian]]'' (which the newspaper spiked), she referred to ''Guardian'' journalist [[Suzanne Moore]]'s "bird's nest hair" and "fuck-me shoes".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gerrard |first1=Nicci |title=Middle-aged feminist rage shocks and amuses |work=[[The Observer]] |date=21 May 1995 |page=12}}</ref><!--add what this was in response to--> She called her biographer, [[Christine Wallace]], a "flesh-eating bacterium" and Wallace's book, ''Untamed Shrew'' (1999), "a piece of excrement".<ref name=Thackray21Feb1999/>{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=283}} (She has said "I fucking hate biography. If you want to know about [[Charles Dickens|Dickens]], read his fucking books.")<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Helen |title=Funny, unkind, provocative: please don't make me have an opinion on Germaine Greer |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/11/funny-unkind-provocative-please-don-t-make-me-have-opinion-germaine-greer |work=[[New Statesman]] |date=7 November 2018}}</ref> Australia, she said in 2004, was a "cultural wasteland"; the Australian prime minister, [[John Howard]], called her remarks patronising and condescending.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Squires |first1=Nick |last2=Davies |first2=Caroline |title=Oz outrage at Germaine Greer's attack on 'cultural wasteland' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/1452851/Oz-outrage-at-Germaine-Greers-attack-on-cultural-wasteland.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/1452851/Oz-outrage-at-Germaine-Greers-attack-on-cultural-wasteland.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=28 January 2004}}{{cbignore}}</ref> After receiving a fee of £40,000,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Owen |title=Greer walks out of 'bullying' Big Brother |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jan/12/bigbrother.broadcasting |work=The Guardian |date=12 January 2005}}</ref> she left the ''[[Celebrity Big Brother (British series 3)|Celebrity Big Brother]]'' house on day six in 2005 because, she wrote, it was a squalid "[[fascist]] prison camp".<ref>{{cite news|first=Germaine|last=Greer|date=16 January 2005|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/germaine-greer-filth-56ttn2h6nwp|title=Filth!|newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Lyall|authorlink=Sarah Lyall|date=20 January 2005|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/20/arts/television/germaine-greers-orwellian-ordeal-on-big-brother.html|title=Germaine Greer's Orwellian Ordeal on 'Big Brother'|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=Greer12Jan2005>{{cite news |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=Why I said yes to Big Brother's shilling |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3634824/Why-I-said-yes-to-Big-Brothers-shilling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3634824/Why-I-said-yes-to-Big-Brothers-shilling.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=12 January 2005}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Kevin Rudd]], later Australia's prime minister, told her to "stick a sock in it" in 2006, when, in a column about the death of Australian [[Steve Irwin]], star of ''[[The Crocodile Hunter]]'', she concluded that the animal world had "finally taken its revenge".<ref>{{cite news |title= Greer draws anger over Irwin comments | url =http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Greer-draws-anger-over-Irwin-comments/2006/09/06/1157222168676.html | work= [[The Age]] |date=6 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Greer | first=Germaine |title=That sort of self-delusion is what it takes to be a real Aussie larrikin | url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia/story/0,,1865124,00.html |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 September 2006}}</ref> She criticized the wife of the newly elected American president [[Barack Obama]], [[Michelle Obama]], for her dress on the night of the [[U.S. presidential election, 2008|2008 U.S. election]],{{sfn|Kleinhenz|2018|p=357}} and in 2012 she advised Australia's first female prime minister, [[Julia Gillard]], to change the cut of her jackets because she had "a big arse".<ref>{{YouTube|vM0_gZaOj_w|Germaine Greer}}, ''[[Q&A (Australian talk show)|Q&A]]'', 2012</ref>


==Media==
== Later life ==
{{see also|List of newspapers in Florida|List of radio stations in Florida|List of television stations in Florida}}
In June 2022 Germaine Greer was among the women highlighted in the Australian Women Changemakers exhibition at the [[Museum of Australian Democracy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haussegger |first=Virginia |date=2022-06-18 |title=The incredible women reshaping our nation |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7785168/the-incredible-women-reshaping-our-nation/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}</ref>


===Print===
In 2021 Greer had returned to Australia to sell her home and put herself into aged care. In 2022 the 83 year old Greer noted more women are in care than men. She described herself as 'not a patient, but an inmate' and spoke frankly about residential aged care being one of the more pressing feminist issues today.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-05 |title=Females to the fore: The women at this year's Canberra Writers Festival |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7846103/females-to-the-fore-the-women-at-this-years-canberra-writers-festival/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2022 |title=The Australian - Germaine Greer's life as an aged-care 'inmate' |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357}}</ref>
*The ''[[Tallahassee Democrat]]'', Tallahassee's largest newspaper, published daily<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tallahassee.com/ |title=Tallahassee Democrat &#124; Tallahassee news, community, entertainment, yellow pages and classifieds. Serving Tallahassee, Florida |website=Tallahassee.com |date=October 12, 2012 |access-date=October 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034509/http://www.tallahassee.com/ |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The ''[[FSView & Florida Flambeau]]'', covers Florida State University<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsview.com/ |title=Florida State University news from the FSView and Florida Flambeau including FSU sports, arts and life, opinion and classifieds. &#124; fsunews.com |website=FSView.com |date=October 12, 2012 |access-date=October 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040329234017/http://www.fsview.com/ |archive-date=March 29, 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''The Talon'', covers Tallahassee Community College<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcc.fl.edu/College/ArtsAtTCC/Pages/Talon-Newspaper.aspx|title=The Talon Newspaper – Tallahassee Community College|website=Tcc.fl.edu|access-date=November 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185234/https://www.tcc.fl.edu/College/ArtsAtTCC/Pages/Talon-Newspaper.aspx|archive-date=September 7, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''[[The Famuan]]'', covers Florida A&M University<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefamuanonline.com/ |title=The Famuan – The Student Voice of Florida A&M University |website=Thefamuanonline.com |access-date=October 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014185939/http://www.thefamuanonline.com/ |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


===Television===
==Germaine Greer archive==
[[File:WFSUBuilding.JPG|thumb|WFSU Building]]
Greer sold her archive in 2013 to the University of Melbourne.<ref>[https://archives.unimelb.edu.au/explore/collections/germainegreer/about-the-collection "An introduction to the Germaine Greer collection at the University of Melbourne Archives"]. University of Melbourne.</ref> As of June 2018 it covers the period 1959–2010, filling 487 archive boxes on 82 metres of shelf space.<ref>[https://archives.unimelb.edu.au/explore/collections/germainegreer "The Germaine Greer Collection"], University of Melbourne.</ref><ref>Gulliver, Penny (23 March 2017). [http://theconversation.com/friday-essay-reading-germaine-greers-mail-74693 "Friday essay: reading Germaine Greer’s mail"], ''The Conversation''.</ref><ref name=Dean1Nov2013/> The transfer of the archive (150 filing-cabinet drawers) from Greer's home in England began in July 2014; the university announced that it was raising {{AUD|3 million}} to fund the purchase, shipping, housing, cataloguing and digitising. Greer said that her receipt from the sale would be donated to her charity, Friends of Gondwana Rainforest.<ref>{{cite web|title=University to house Germaine Greer archive|url=http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020158/http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2013|publisher=University of Melbourne|date=28 October 2013}}</ref>
*[[WCTV]] (CBS) channel 6.1 (MeTV) channel 6.2 (Circle) channel 6.3 (ION) channel 6.4 (Justice) channel 6.5 (MyTV) channel 6.6 (This TV) channel 6.7
*[[WFSU-TV|WFSU]] (PBS) channel 11.1 (Florida Channel) channel 11.2 (Create) channel 11.3 (Kids 360) channel 11.4
*[[WTLF]] (CW) channel 24.1 (Comet) channel 24.2 (TBD) channel 24.3 (Dabl) channel 24.4
*[[WTLH]] (H&I) channel 49.1 (CW) channel 49.2 (Comet) channel 49.3
*[[WTWC-TV|WTWC]] (NBC) channel 40.1 (Fox) channel 40.2 (Charge) channel 40.3
*[[WTXL-TV|WTXL]] (ABC) channel 27.1 (Bounce) channel 27.2 (Grit) channel 27.3 (Escape) channel 27.4 (CourtTV) channel 27.5 (Newsy) channel 27.6 (HSN) channel 27.7
*[[WFXU|WNXG-LD]] (WCTV simulcast channels 6.1 - 6.6 ATSC 3.0)
*WVUP (CTN) channel 45.1 (LifeStyle) channel 45.2
*WTFL-LD (MyNetwork TV) channel 15.1 (Decades) channel 15.2 (Start TV) channel 15.3 (Telemundo) channel 15.4


===Radio===
==Selected works==
{{see also|Category:Radio stations in Tallahassee, Florida}}
{{div col}}
 
*(1963). {{cite thesis|title=The development of Byron's satiric mode|type=MA| publisher=University of Sydney|hdl=2123/13500}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*(1968). {{cite thesis|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.599683}}|title=The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies|degree= PhD |publisher= University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/256631/Greer-1967-PhD_06204.pdf}}
*[[WANM]], Soul/R&B music
*(1970). ''[[The Female Eunuch]]''. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
*[[WAYT-FM]], contemporary Christian music
*(1979) as Rose Blight. ''The Revolting Garden''. HarperCollins.
*[[WBZE|WBZE-FM]], adult contemporary music
*(1979). ''The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work''. London: Martin Secker and Warburg.
*WDXD-LP, classic country music
*(1984). ''Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility''. London: Harper & Row.
*[[WFLA-FM]], news/talk
*(1986). ''Shakespeare''. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Past Masters series).
*[[WFSU-FM|WFSQ-FM]], classical music
*(1986). ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings''. London: Picador.
*[[WFSU-FM]], news/talk
*(1988) with Susan Hastings, Jeslyn Medoff, Melinda Sansone (eds). ''Kissing the Rod: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Women's Verse''. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
*[[WGLF|WGLF-FM]], classic rock music
*(1989). ''[[Daddy, We Hardly Knew You]]''. New York: Fawcett Columbine.
*[[WGMY|WGMY-FM]], Top 40 music
*(1989) (ed.). ''The Uncollected Verse of Aphra Behn''. London: Stump Cross Books.
*[[WHTF|WHTF-FM]], Top 40 music
*(1990) with Ruth Little (eds). ''The Collected Works of Katherine Philips: The Matchless Orinda'', Volume III, ''The Translations''. London: Stump Cross Books.
*[[WTLY]], adult contemporary music
*(1991). "The Offstage Mob: Shakespeare's Proletariat", in Tetsuo Kishi, Roger Pringle, and Stanley Wells (eds). ''Shakespeare and Cultural Traditions''. Newark: University of Delaware Press, pp.&nbsp;54–75.
*[[WTNT-FM]], country music
*(1991). ''The Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause''. London: Hamish Hamilton.
*[[WVFS|WVFS-FM]], college/alternative music
*(1994). "Macbeth: Sin and Action of Grace", in J. Wain (ed.). ''Shakespeare: Macbeth''. London: Macmillan, pp.&nbsp;263–270.
*[[WVFT]], news/talk
*(1995). ''Slip-Shod Sibyls: Recognition, Rejection and the Woman Poet''. Viking.
*[[WWLD]], hip-hop music
*(1997) with Susan Hastings (eds). ''The Surviving Works of Anne Wharton''. London: Stump Cross Books.
*[[WWOF|WWOF-FM]], country music
*(1999). ''The Whole Woman''. London: Doubleday.
*[[WXSR|WXSR-FM]], rock music
*(2000). ''John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester''. London: Northcote House Publishers.
*(2001) (ed.). ''101 Poems by 101 Women''. London: Faber & Faber.
*(2003). ''[[The Beautiful Boy|The Boy]]''. London: Thames & Hudson.
*(2003) (ed.). ''Poems for Gardeners''. London: Virago.
*(2004). ''Whitefella Jump Up: The Shortest Way to Nationhood''. London: Profile Books (first published 2003 in ''Quarterly Essay'').
*(2007). ''[[Shakespeare's Wife]]''. London: Bloomsbury.
*(2007). ''Stella Vine''. Oxford: Modern Art Oxford.
*(2008). "Shakespeare and the Marriage Contract", in Paul Raffield, Gary Watt (eds). ''Shakespeare and the Law''. London: Bloomsbury, pp.&nbsp;51–64.
*(2008). ''On Rage''. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
*(2011) with [[Phil Willmott]]. ''Lysistrata: The Sex Strike: After Aristophanes''. Samuel French Limited.
*(2013). ''[[White Beech: The Rainforest Years]]''. London: Bloomsbury.
*(2018). ''On Rape''. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Public safety==
==Sources==
[[File:Tallahassee Police.JPG|thumb|A Tallahassee Police Department patrol car]]
===Notes===
[[File:Aa leon county EMS sm.jpg|thumb|A Leon County EMS vehicle]]
{{notelist}}
Established in 1826, the [[Tallahassee Police Department]] once claimed to be the oldest police department in the Southern United States and the second-oldest in the U.S., preceded only by the [[Philadelphia Police Department]] (established in 1758). The [[Boston Police Department]] was established in 1838 and larger East Coast cities followed with New York City and Baltimore in 1845. However, this is proven incorrect. Pensacola, Florida, for example, had a municipal police force as early as 1821.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Domherty | first1=Herbert J. Jr. |date=1954 |title=The Governorship of Andrew Jackson |journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=3–31 |jstor=30138932 }}</ref>
 
There are over 800 sworn law enforcement officers in Tallahassee. Law enforcement services are provided by the [[Tallahassee Police Department]], the [[Leon County Sheriff's Office]], the [[Florida Department of Law Enforcement]], [[Florida Capitol Police]], [[Florida State University Police Department]], [[Florida A&M University]] Police Department, the [[Tallahassee Community College Police Department]], the [[Florida Highway Patrol]], and the [[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]].
 
The Tallahassee Growth Management Building Inspection Division is responsible for issuing permits and performing inspections of public and private buildings in the city limits. These duties include the enforcement of the Florida Building Codes and the Florida Fire Protection Codes. These standards are present to protect life and property. The Tallahassee Building Department is one of 13 Accredited Building Departments in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=Building Department Accreditation|url=http://www.iasonline.org/Building_Department_Program/BDA.html|publisher=International Accreditation Service|access-date=May 24, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519121525/http://iasonline.org/Building_Department_Program/BDA.html|archive-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref>
 
The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], [[United States Marshals Service]], [[Immigration and Customs Enforcement]],<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:h1Av3-UtUsUJ:www.migrationinformation.org/pdf/OI-office-map.pdf+%22immigration+and+customs+enforcement%22+%22ra+offices%22&gl=us&sig=AHIEtbS8enwgX1w57gq3OZexKkxUIp95vw] {{dead link|date=November 2017}}</ref> [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]], [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] and [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] have offices in Tallahassee. The [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida]] is based in Tallahassee.
 
Fire and rescue services are provided by the [[Tallahassee Fire Department]] and [[Leon County Emergency Medical Services]].
 
Hospitals in the area include [[Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare]], [[Capital Regional Medical Center]] and [[HealthSouth]] [[Rehabilitation Hospital]] of Tallahassee.
 
==Places of interest==
 
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Alfred B. Maclay Gardens State Park]]
*[[Carnegie Library at FAMU]]
*[[Challenger Learning Center]]
*[[Co-Cathedral of Saint Thomas More (Tallahassee, Florida)|Co-Cathedral of St. Thomas More]]
*[[Doak Campbell Stadium]]
*[[Elinor Klapp-Phipps Park]]
*[[First Presbyterian Church (Tallahassee, Florida)|First Presbyterian Church]]
*[[Florida Governor's Mansion]]
*[[Florida State Capitol]]
*[[Florida Supreme Court]]
*[[Foster Tanner Fine Arts Gallery]] at [[Florida A&M University]]
*[[Goodwood Plantation|Goodwood Museum and Gardens]]
*[[Innovation Park (Florida State University)|Innovation Park]]
*John G. Riley Center/Museum of African American History & Culture (Riley Museum)<ref>{{cite web|date=2021|title=History & Founders|url=https://rileymuseum.org/history-founders/|url-status=dead|access-date=October 8, 2021|website=John G. Riley Center & Museum|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417092128/https://rileymuseum.org/history-founders/}}</ref>
*[[Knott House Museum]]
*[[Lake Ella]]
*[[Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park]]
*[[LeRoy Collins Leon County Public Library]]
*[[Mission San Luis de Apalachee]]
*[[Museum of Florida History]]
*[[National High Magnetic Field Laboratory]]
*[[Railroad Square]]
*[[Carnegie Library at FAMU|Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and Museum]]
*[[St. John's Episcopal Church (Tallahassee, Florida)|St. John's Episcopal Church]]
*[[Tallahassee Automobile Museum]]
*[[Tallahassee Museum]]
*[[Westcott Building|James D. Westcott Building]] and Ruby Diamond Auditorium at Florida State University
{{div col end}}
 
==Transportation==
[[File:TLHregional.JPG|thumb|Tallahassee International Airport seen here as Tallahassee Regional Airport]]
[[File:StarMetro Gillig BRT 29.jpg|thumb|A StarMetro vehicle]]
[[File:I10tallahassee.jpg|thumb|Interstate 10 at Capital Circle Northeast]]
 
===Aviation===
*[[Tallahassee International Airport]] (KTLH)
 
====Defunct airports====
*[[Dale Mabry Field]] (closed 1961)
*[[Tallahassee Commercial Airport]] (closed 2011)
 
===Mass transit===
*[[StarMetro (bus service)|StarMetro]] provides bus service throughout the city.
 
===Intercity bus===
*[[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] based in downtown Tallahassee.
 
===Railroads===
*Freight service is provided by the [[Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad]], which acquired most of the [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] main line from Pensacola to Jacksonville on June 1, 2019.  FG&A also purchased the CSX branch from Tallahassee to [[Attapulgus, Georgia]], connecting with the CSX Montgomery-Savannah main line at [[Bainbridge, Georgia]].  FG&A's headquarters office is in Tallahassee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad |url=https://www.railusa.net/florida-gulf-atlantic-railroad/ |publisher=RailUSA |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619173105/https://www.railusa.net/florida-gulf-atlantic-railroad/ |archive-date=June 19, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
====Defunct railroads and passenger trains====
*[[Tallahassee Railroad]], completed in 1837, now the state-owned [[Tallahassee-St. Marks Historic Railroad State Trail]] from Tallahassee southward to [[St. Marks, Florida|St. Marks]], about 20 miles.
*[[Carrabelle, Tallahassee and Georgia Railroad]], founded in 1891, merged into the [[Georgia Florida and Alabama Railway]] in 1906.  The Tallahassee-Carrabelle segment was abandoned in 1948.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Hensley | first1=Donald R. Jr. |title=The Story of the Georgia Florida & Alabama RR |url=http://www.taplines.net/gfa/gfa.html |website=Tap Lines |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404110958/http://www.taplines.net/gfa/gfa.html |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2009, a 2.4-mile segment of the abandoned railroad was opened as the [[Tallahassee-Georgia Florida and Alabama (GF&A) Trail]] in the [[Apalachicola National Forest]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GF&A Railroad Timeline |url=https://cc2st.com/tales/gfa-railroad-timeline/ |website=Capital City to the Sea Trails |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001230451/https://cc2st.com/tales/gfa-railroad-timeline/ |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*The streamlined ''[[Gulf Wind]]'' coach and [[Pullman sleeping car|Pullman]] passenger train, operated jointly by the [[Louisville and Nashville|L&N]] and [[Seaboard Air Line Railroad|Seaboard]] railroads, served Tallahassee from 1949 to 1971, when the newly formed [[Amtrak]] cancelled the train.
*[[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Sunset Limited]]'' served Tallahassee from April 1993 until service east of New Orleans was suspended in August 2005, following [[Hurricane Katrina]], which caused extensive damage to CSX lines from Louisiana to Florida. The service has never been reinstated, and as of mid-2019 had a "next to zero chance" of being revived by Amtrak.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flanigan |first1=Tom |title=Florida Gulf And Atlantic Assumes Ownership of North Florida Rail Line |url=https://news.wfsu.org/post/florida-gulf-and-atlantic-assumes-ownership-north-florida-rail-line |access-date=October 19, 2019 |publisher=WFSU.org |date=July 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018223027/https://news.wfsu.org/post/florida-gulf-and-atlantic-assumes-ownership-north-florida-rail-line |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2021, Amtrak announced plans restore service as early as 2022 along part of the route from New Orleans to Alabama, but not into Florida.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amtrak official: Gulf Coast service starting in 2022 |url=https://www.al.com/news/2021/02/amtrak-official-gulf-coast-service-starting-in-2022.html |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=al |date=24 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The Tallahassee and Pensacola metropolitan areas are the largest in the state without passenger rail service.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}
 
===Major highways===
*[[File:I-10.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 10 in Florida|Interstate 10]] runs east and west across the north side of the city. Tallahassee is served by five exits including: Exit 192 (U.S. 90), Exit 196 (Capital Circle NW), Exit 199 (U.S. 27/Monroe St.), Exit 203 (U.S. 319/Thomasville Road and Capital Circle NE), and Exit 209 (U.S. 90/Mahan Dr.)
*[[File:US 27.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 27 in Florida|U.S. Route 27]] enters the city from the northwest before turning south and entering downtown. This portion of U.S. 27 is known locally as Monroe Street. In front of the historic state capitol building, U.S. 27 turns east and follows Apalachee Parkway out of the city.
*[[File:US 90.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 90 in Florida|U.S. Route 90]] runs east and west through Tallahassee. It is known locally as Tennessee Street west of Magnolia Drive and Mahan Drive east of Magnolia.
*[[File:US 319.svg|23px]] [[U.S. Route 319 in Florida|U.S. Route 319]] runs north and south along the east side of the city using Thomasville Road, Capital Circle NE, Capital Circle SE, and Crawfordville Road.
*[[File:Florida 20.svg|20px]] [[State Road 20 (Florida)|State Road 20]]
*[[File:Florida 61.svg|20px]] [[State Road 61 (Florida)|State Road 61]]
*[[File:Florida 363.svg|23px]] [[State Road 363 (Florida)|State Road 363]]
*[[Orchard Pond Parkway]], the first privately-built toll road in Florida.<ref name="OPP">{{cite web|url=http://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/local/2015/03/08/private-toll-road-intended-save-nature-wildlife/24519689/|title=Private toll road intended to save nature, wildlife|last=Ensley|first=Gerald |date=March 9, 2015|work=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]|location=Tallahassee, FL|access-date=December 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204095327/http://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/local/2015/03/08/private-toll-road-intended-save-nature-wildlife/24519689/?from=global&sessionKey=&autologin= |archive-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref>
 
==Namesakes==
*[[CSS Tallahassee|CSS ''Tallahassee'']], 1864 Confederate cruiser
*{{USS|Tallahassee|BM-9}}, 1908 US Navy [[monitor (warship)|monitor]], originally named USS ''Florida''
*{{USS|Tallahassee|CL-61}}, 1941 US Navy [[light cruiser]], converted to the aircraft carrier USS ''Princeton''
*{{USS|Tallahassee|CL-116}}, 1944 US Navy light cruiser
*Tallahassee, main character in the movie ''[[Zombieland]]''
*''[[Tallahassee (album)|Tallahassee]]'', album recorded by [[The Mountain Goats]]
*Tallahassee Community School, [[Eastern Passage, Nova Scotia]], named after [[CSS Tallahassee|CSS ''Tallahassee'']]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tcs.ednet.ns.ca/gi_history.shtml |title=TCS – Our History |website=Tcs.ednet.ns.ca |access-date=August 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701010757/http://www.tcs.ednet.ns.ca/gi_history.shtml |archive-date=July 1, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Tallahassee Tight]], early-20th century blues singer
*[[T-Pain]], musician, originally "Tallahassee Pain"
*"[[Tallahassee Lassie]]", [[Freddy Cannon]] song
 
==Sister cities==
{{See also|List of sister cities in Florida}}
 
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 7459 Ramat Hasharon from the top of tops.JPG|thumb|[[Ramat HaSharon]], Israel]]
Tallahassee has 6 [[sister cities]] as follows:<ref>{{cite web |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Tallahassee mayor calls for termination of 'sister city' relationship with Russian city |url=https://www.wtxl.com/news/local-news/tallahassee-mayor-calls-for-termination-of-sister-city-relationship-with-russian-city |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=WTXL}}</ref>
 
*{{flagdeco|GHA}} [[Konongo-Odumase]], [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]], Ghana
*{{flagdeco|RUS}} [[Krasnodar]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], Russia
*{{flagdeco|Sint Maarten}} [[Sint Maarten|St. Maarten]], Netherlands Antilles
*{{flagdeco|IRL}} [[Sligo]], County Sligo, Ireland
*{{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Rugao]], Jiangsu, China
*{{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Ramat HaSharon]], [[Tel Aviv District]], Israel
 
==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from Tallahassee, Florida}}This is a list of notable people from Tallahassee, in alphabetical order by last name:
[[File:Jim Morrison 1969.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Jim Morrison]]]]
[[File:Gregory Tony.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Gregory Tony]]]]
*[[Cannonball Adderley]], musician
*[[Wally Amos]] (born 1936), television personality and founder of [[Famous Amos Cookies]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19731831/ns/business-us_business/t/no-longer-famous-wally-amos-still-baking/|title=No longer Famous, Wally Amos still baking|last=Pemoni|first=Lucy|date=July 13, 2007|website=msnbc.com|language=en|access-date=December 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173103/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19731831/ns/business-us_business/t/no-longer-famous-wally-amos-still-baking/|archive-date=December 22, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Mark Boswell (film director)|Mark Boswell]] (born 1960), film director
*[[Bobby Bowden]], Florida State University football coach
*[[Ethel Cain]] (born 1998), singer-songwriter
*[[LeRoy Collins]], Florida governor
*[[Paul Dirac]], theoretical physicist and Nobel Laureate
*[[Nikki Fried]] (born 1977), [[Florida Commissioner of Agriculture|Florida commissioner of agriculture]]
*[[Julian Green]], soccer player
*[[Carla Hayden]], 14th [[Librarian of Congress]]
*[[Robert A. Holton]], chemist and inventor of Taxol
*[[Missy Hyatt]] (born 1963), [[professional wrestling]] [[valet (professional wrestling)|valet]], commentator, and [[professional wrestler]]
*[[Kent Jones (rapper)|Kent Jones]] (born 1993), rapper
*[[Sir Harold Kroto]], Nobel Prize-winning scientist
*[[Payne Midyette]] (1898–1983), insurance broker, Tallahassee politician and rancher<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/48070|title=Portrait of Payne Midyette – Tallahassee, Florida|last=Florida|first=State Library and Archives of|website=Florida Memory|publisher=State of Florida, Friends of the State Library & Archives of Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221214826/https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/48070|archive-date=December 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Jim Morrison]], singer, poet, and songwriter
*[[T-Pain]] (born 1984), rapper turned singer
*[[Mary L. Proctor]] (born 1960), folk artist
*[[W. Stanley "Sandy" Proctor]], sculptor<ref name="Cobb">{{cite press release |publisher=Division of Cultural Affairs, [[Secretary of State of Florida]] |first1=Sue M. |last1=Cobb |author-link1=Sue M. Cobb |first2=Allison |last2=McCarthy |location=Tallahassee, Florida |date=March 8, 2006 |title=W. Stanley "Sandy" Proctor to be Inducted into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame |url=http://www.proctorbronzes.com/press_release.html |access-date=August 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814135418/http://www.proctorbronzes.com/press_release.html |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[KJ Smith]], model, actress
*[[Gregory Tony]] (born 1978), [[Broward County Sheriff's Office|Sheriff of Broward County, Florida]]
*[[Yvonne Edwards Tucker]] (born 1941), potter
*[[Ann VanderMeer]], Hugo Award-winning editor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazonbookreview.com/post/72c25557-684b-43c2-9982-50bfb75d02f4/the-hugo-awards-winner-ann-vandermeer-on-the-pomp-the-circumstance-the-ceremony|title=Amazon Book Review|website=www.amazonbookreview.com}}</ref>
*[[Jeff VanderMeer]], ''New York Times'' Bestselling author<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/magazine/jeff-vandermeer-dead-astronauts.html|title=His Novels of Planetary Devastation Will Make You Want to Survive|first=Alexandra|last=Kleeman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
*[[Florence Duval West]] (1840–1881), poet
 
==Tallahassee groups and organizations==
 
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Cold Water Army (rock band)|Cold Water Army]], music group
*[[Creed (band)|Creed]], rock band
*[[Cream Abdul Babar]], music group
*[[The Crüxshadows]], music group
*[[David Canter]], medical doctor, folk musician
*[[Dead Prez]], Alternative hip hop duo
*[[Go Radio]], music group
*[[Marching 100|FAMU Marching 100]], marching band
*[[Marching Chiefs|FSU Marching Chiefs]], marching band
*[[Look Mexico]], rock band
*[[Mayday Parade]], music group
*[[Mira (band)|Mira]], music group
*[[No Address]], music group
*[[Socialburn]], rock band
*[[Tallahassee Symphony Orchestra]], symphony orchestra
*[[Woman's Club of Tallahassee]]
{{div col end}}
 
==State associations based in Tallahassee==
 
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[The Florida Bar]]
*[[Florida Chamber of Commerce]]
*[[Florida Dental Association]]
*[[Ficpa|Florida Institute of CPAs]]
*[[Florida Lottery]]
*[[Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida]]
{{div col end}}
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Turlington.jpg|Turlington Education Building as seen from the Civic Center
File:TallahasseeDoubletree.JPG|The Downtown Tallahassee Doubletree Hotel
File:TennysonCondominiums.JPG|Tennyson Condominiums as seen through a break in the downtown Federal Courthouse Square
File:GeorgiaBelle.JPG|Westminster Gardens, formerly the Georgia Bell Dickinson Apartments, in Downtown Tallahassee
File:HighpointCenter.JPG|Highpoint Center as seen from the Florida Capitol
File:TallahasseeExchangeBldg.JPG|The historic [[Exchange Bank Building (Tallahassee, Florida)|Exchange Bank Building]], considered to be the city's first highrise building
File:TallahasseeWarMemorial.JPG|The Korean War Memorial at Cascades Park facing the Florida Capitol
File:LewisStateBank.JPG|[[Union Bank (Tallahassee, Florida)|Union Bank]], Florida's oldest surviving bank building
File:OldFloridaStateHouse.JPG|Florida's historic state capitol building built in 1845
File:Kleman Plaza amphitheater.jpg|Kleman Plaza in the heart of Downtown Tallahassee
File:NewUSCourthouse.JPG|The U.S. Federal Courthouse in Tallahassee
File:Cascades Park (Tallahassee), Korean War Memorial 02.JPG|The Florida Korean War Memorial
File:Supreme Court of Florida.JPG|The Florida Supreme Court Building
File:VisitorsCenter.JPG|The Tallahassee-Leon County Visitors Center
File:Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library from Park Ave.JPG|Leroy Collins Leon County Public Library from Park Ave
</gallery>
 
==See also==
*[[Leon County, Florida#Consolidation with Tallahassee|Consolidation of Leon County with Tallahassee]]
*[[History of Tallahassee, Florida]]
*[[Park Avenue Historic District (Tallahassee, Florida)|Park Avenue Historic District]]
*[[Tallahassee Historic District Zones I And II]]
*[[USS Tallahassee|USS ''Tallahassee'']], 3 ships
 
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


==Further reading==
===References===
*{{cite news
{{reflist|26em}}
|url=http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/JHPcolumn/jhp102.pdf
|title=In Tallahassee
|magazine=Journal of Hispanic Philology
|volume=10
|number=2
|first=Daniel
|last=Eisenberg
|year=1986
|pages=97–101
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090302/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/deisenbe/JHPcolumn/jhp102.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2014}}


*Hare, Julianne. ''Tallahassee: a capital city history''. Arcadia Publishing. 2002
===Works cited===
*[[Charlton W. Tebeau|Tebeau, Charlton, W.]] ''A History of Florida.'' University of Miami Press. Coral Gables. 1971
:''Websites and news articles are listed in the [[#References|References]] section only.''
*Williams, John Lee. ''Journal of an Expedition to the Interior of West Florida October–November 1823.'' Manuscript on file at the State Library of Florida, Florida Collection. Tallahassee.
{{refbegin|indent=yes|30em}}
* {{cite book |last1=Angelou |first1=Maya |author-link=Maya Angelou |title=Even the Stars Look Lonesome |date=1998 |publisher=Bantam Books |location=New York }}
* {{cite book |last1=Baumgardner |first1=Jennifer |author-link1=Jennifer Baumgardner|editor1-last=Greer|editor1-first=Germaine |title=The Female Eunuch |date=2001 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |pages=1–7  |chapter=Why the Female Eunuch?}}
* {{cite book |last1=Baumgardner |first1=Jennifer |author-link1=Jennifer Baumgardner |title=F 'em!: Goo Goo, Gaga, and Some Thoughts on Balls |date=2011 |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=New York }}
* {{cite book |last1=Brock |first1=Malin Lidström |title=Writing Feminist Lives: The Biographical Battles over Betty Friedan, Germaine Greer, Gloria Steinem, and Simone de Beauvoir |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Cham }}
* {{cite book |last1=Caine |first1=Barbara |author-link1=Barbara Caine |last2=Gatens |first2=Moira |author-link2=Moira Gatens |title=Australian Feminism: a companion |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Melbourne and Oxford }}
* {{cite book |last1=Coombs |first1=Anne |title=Sex And Anarchy: The Life And Death of the Sydney Push |date=1996 |publisher=Viking}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Arlyn |title=Elizabeth Janeway and Germaine Greer |journal=The Massachusetts Review |date=Winter–Spring 1972 |volume=13 |issue=1/2 |pages=275–279 |jstor=5088230}}
* {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Mary |title=Missing Persons: The Impossibility of Auto/Biography |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York }}
* {{cite web |last1=Francis|first1=Rosemary|last2=Henningham|first2=Nikki|title=Greer, Germaine (1939–)|date=2017 |orig-year=2009 |url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE4415b.htm |publisher=The Australian Women's Register |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414134015/http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE4415b.htm |archive-date=14 April 2018}}
* {{cite thesis|first=Germaine| last=Greer| date=1963|title=The Development of Byron's Satiric Mode|type=MA| publisher=University of Sydney| hdl=2123/13500}} {{free access}}
* {{cite thesis|date=7 May 1968|first=Germaine|last= Greer|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.599683}}|title=The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies|degree= PhD |publisher= Apollo Digital Repository, University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/256631/Greer-1967-PhD_06204.pdf|oclc=221288543|doi=10.17863/CAM.567}} {{free access}}
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings 1968–1985 |date=1986 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=Picador|location=London|chapter=The Slag-Heap Erupts|at=First published in ''Oz'', February 1970}}
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=The Female Eunuch |date=2001 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux|location=New York |isbn=0-374-52762-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Greer |first=Germaine |title=Slip-Shod Sibyls: Recognition, Rejection and the Woman Poet|url=https://archive.org/details/slipshodsibylsre0000gree_g6v6 |url-access=registration |publisher=Viking Press|location=London|year=1995|isbn=9780670849147 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=The Whole Woman |date=1999 |publisher=Transworld Publishers Ltd |location=London}}
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=Whitefella Jump Up |date=2004 |publisher=Profile Books |location=London}}
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |title=White Beech: The Rainforest Years |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury |location=London}}
* {{cite web |last=Greer |first=Germaine |date=19 October 2013a |title=The greening of Greer |work=[[The Australian]]|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/weekend-australian-magazine/the-greening-of-greer/news-story/e264844dd385bb18aa7cb1ba72089c0f}} (Edited extract from ''White Beech'')
* {{cite book |last1=Greer |first1=Germaine |last2=Willmott|first2=Phil|title=Lysistrata: The Sex Strike. After Aristophanes|date=2011 |publisher=Samuel French Limited}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Clive |author-link=Clive Hamilton |title=What Do We Want?: The Story of Protest in Australia |date=2016 |publisher=National Library of Australia |location=Sydney }}
* {{cite book |last1=James |first1=Clive |author-link1=Clive James |title=May Week Was In June |date=1991 |publisher=Pan Books |location=London }}
* {{cite book |last1=Kleinhenz |first1=Elizabeth |title=Germaine: The Life of Germaine Greer |date=2018 |publisher=Knopf |location=Sydney }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lake |first1=Marilyn |author-link=Marilyn Lake |title='Revolution for the hell of it': the transatlantic genesis and serial provocations of The Female Eunuch |journal=Australian Feminist Studies |date=2016 |volume=31 |issue=87 |pages=7–21 |doi=10.1080/08164649.2016.1174926 |s2cid=147881101 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Magarey |first1=Susan|author-link=Susan Magarey|editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Bonnie G. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |pages=402–403  |chapter=Germaine Greer}}
* {{cite book |last1=Medoff |first1=Jeslyn |editor1-last=Wallace |editor1-first=Elizabeth Kowaleski |title=Encyclopedia of Feminist Literary Theory |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |page=263  |chapter=Germaine Greer}}
* {{cite book |last1=Merck |first1=Mandy |editor1-last=Merck |editor1-first=Mandy |editor2-last=Sandford |editor2-first=Stella |title=Further Adventures of The Dialectic of Sex: Critical Essays on Shulamith Firestone |url=https://archive.org/details/furtheradventure00merc |url-access=limited |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/furtheradventure00merc/page/n19 9]–28  |chapter=Prologue: Shulamith Firestone and Sexual Difference|isbn=9780230100299 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mosmann |first1=Petra |title=A feminist fashion icon: Germaine Greer's paisley coat |journal=Australian Feminist Studies |date=31 May 2016 |volume=31 |issue=87 |pages=78–94|doi=10.1080/08164649.2016.1174928|s2cid=148120100 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Neville |first1=Richard |author-link=Richard Neville (writer) |title=Hippie Hippie Shake |date=2010 |publisher=Gerald Duckworth & Co |location=London }}
* {{cite book |last1=Packer |first1=Clyde |author-link=Clyde Packer |title=No Return Ticket |url=https://archive.org/details/noreturnticket00pack |url-access=registration |date=1984 |publisher=Angus & Robertson |isbn=9780207150289 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Peacock |first1=D. Keith |title=Thatcher's Theatre: British Theatre and Drama in the Eighties |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Poirot |first1=Kristan |title=Mediating a Movement, Authorizing Discourse: Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, and Feminism's Second Wave |journal=Women's Studies in Communication |date=Summer 2004 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=204–235 |doi=10.1080/07491409.2004.10162473|s2cid=145150915 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Reilly |first1=Susan P. |editor1-last=Wallace |editor1-first=Elizabeth Kowaleski |title=Encyclopedia of Feminist Literary Theory |date=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |page=213  |chapter=Female Eunuch}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Simons |first1=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Simons |title=The Long Letter to a Short Love, or&nbsp;... |journal=[[Meanjin]] |url=https://meanjin.com.au/essays/the-long-letter-to-a-short-love-or/ |date=Summer 2015 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Philippa Mein |author-link1=Philippa Mein Smith |year=2012 |orig-year=2005 |title=A Concise History of New Zealand |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Spongberg |first1=Mary |title=If She's So Great, How Come So Many Pigs Dig Her? Germaine Greer and the malestream press |journal=Women's History Review |date=1993 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=(407–419), 407 |doi=10.1080/09612029300200036 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last1=Standish |first1=Ann |title=The Encyclopedia of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia |date=2014 |chapter-url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0350b.htm |publisher=Australian Women's Archives Project |location=Melbourne |page=263  |chapter=Greer, Germaine (1939–)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001818/http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0350b.htm |archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Toynbee |first1=Polly |author-link1=Polly Toynbee |editor1-last=Cochrane |editor1-first=Kira |editor1-link=Kira Cochrane |title=Women of the Revolution: Forty Years of Feminism |date=2012 |publisher=Guardian Books |location=London  |chapter=Behind the Lines: Ironing in the Soul|orig-year=1988}}
* {{cite book |last=Wallace |first=Christine |author-link=Christine Wallace |title=Germaine Greer: Untamed Shrew |publisher=Faber and Faber|location=London|year=1999|orig-year=1997}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Winant |first1=Carmen |title=The Meaningful Disappearance of Germaine Greer |url=http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/57/winant.php |issue=57 |journal=Cabinet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325042922/http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/57/winant.php |archive-date=25 March 2018 |date=Spring 2015|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wlodarczyk |first1=Justyna |title=Ungrateful Daughters: Third Wave Feminist Writings |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle upon Tyne }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Yalom |first1=Marilyn |author-link=Marilyn Yalom |title=Review: The Second-Best Bed and Other Conundrums |journal=The Women's Review of Books |date=January–February 2009 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=29–30 |jstor=20476813}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|v=no|n=no|q=no|special:Search/Tallahassee|b=no|voy=Tallahassee}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{official website|http://www.talgov.com/}}
{{Commons category|Germaine Greer}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130605044856/https://localconservationboard.org/ The Local Conservation District – Information on Natural Resources, and Panoramic Tours]
{{library resources box|by=yes}}
*[http://www.tallahassee.com/ The Tallahassee Democrat Newspaper]
*{{Australian Women's Register}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060212115217/http://www.missionsanluis.org/ Mission San Luis]
*{{OL author}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308231348/http://www.taltrust.org/select.htm Tallahassee Trust for Historic Preservation – Places to Discover]
*[http://archives.unimelb.edu.au/ The University of Melbourne Archives].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091211213152/https://www.protectingourwater.org/watersheds/map/ochlockonee_stmarks/ Ochlockonee River – St. Marks River Watersheds – Florida DEP]
*{{YouTube|LOcMazsj6OQ|Germaine Greer Meets the Archivists}}, University of Melbourne, 8 March 2017.
*{{cite web |title=Germaine Greer |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp06545/germaine-greer |publisher=National Portrait Gallery, London}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b6q27f|title=Germaine Bloody Greer|publisher=BBC Two|date=15 June 2018}}
*{{YouTube|id=AQrQnVWp9Yg&t=1321s|title=Ideas at the House: Germaine Greer – How Many Dangerous Ideas Can One Person Have|link=no}}, Talks & Ideas, Sydney Opera House, 9 October 2013.
*{{Cite news|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|author-link=Camille Paglia|title=Back to the Barricades|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=9 May 1999|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/09/books/back-to-the-barricades.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715152224/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/09/books/back-to-the-barricades.html|archive-date=15 July 2018|at=Review of Greer's biography, ''Untamed Shrew'' by [[Christine Wallace]]|ref=none}}
*{{YouTube|O4LtOpjQrQo|Professor Germaine Greer—An Insight—full interview|link=no}}, [[Leeds Beckett University]], March 2010

Latest revision as of 14:11, 21 November 2023

Germaine Greer in 2013.

Germaine Greer (1939 - ?) is an Australian writer and public intellectual, regarded as one of the major voices of the second-wave feminism movement in the latter half of the 20th century.[1]

Specializing in English and women's literature, she has held academic positions in England at the University of Warwick and Newnham College, Cambridge, and in the United States at the University of Tulsa. Based in the United Kingdom since 1964, she has divided her time since the 1990s between Queensland, Australia, and her home in Essex, England.

Greer's ideas have created controversy ever since her first book, The Female Eunuch (1970), made her a household name.[2] An international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement, it offered a systematic deconstruction of ideas such as womanhood and femininity, arguing that women were forced to assume submissive roles in society to fulfil male fantasies of what being a woman entailed.[3]Template:Sfn

Greer's subsequent work has focused on literature, feminism and the environment. She has written over 20 books, including Sex and Destiny (1984), The Change (1991), The Whole Woman (1999), and The Boy (2003). Her 2013 book, White Beech: The Rainforest Years, describes her efforts to restore an area of rainforest in the Numinbah Valley in Australia. In addition to her academic work and activism, she has been a prolific columnist for The Sunday Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Independent, and The Oldie, among others.[4]

Greer is a liberation (or radical) rather than equality feminist.[lower-alpha 1] Her goal is not equality with men, which she sees as assimilation and "agreeing to live the lives of unfree men". "Women's liberation", she wrote in The Whole Woman (1999), "did not see the female's potential in terms of the male's actual." She argues instead that liberation is about asserting difference and "insisting on it as a condition of self-definition and self-determination". It is a struggle for the freedom of women to "define their own values, order their own priorities and decide their own fate".[lower-alpha 2]


The Female Eunuch (1970)

Writing

Further information: The Female Eunuch

When she began writing for Oz and Suck, Greer was spending three days a week in her flat in Leamington Spa while she taught at Warwick, two days in Manchester filming, and two days in London in a white-washed bedsit in The Pheasantry on King's Road.[6] When she first moved to London, she had stayed in John Peel's spare room before being invited to take the bedsit in The Pheasantry, a room just under Martin Sharp's; accommodation there was by invitation only.Template:Sfn

She was also writing The Female Eunuch. On 17 March 1969 she had had lunch in Golden Square, Soho, with a Cambridge acquaintance, Sonny Mehta of MacGibbon & Kee. When he asked for ideas for new books, she repeated a suggestion of her agent, Diana Crawford, which she had dismissed, that she write about female suffrage.[7] Crawford had suggested that Greer write a book for the 50th anniversary of women (or a portion of them) being given the vote in the UK in 1918.Template:Sfn The very idea of it made her angry and she began "raging" about it. "That's the book I want", he said. He advanced her £750 and another £250 when she signed the contract.Template:Sfn In a three-page synopsis for Mehta, she wrote: "If Eldridge Cleaver can write a book about the frozen soul of the negro, as part of the progress towards a correct statement of the coloured man's problem, a woman must eventually take steps towards delineating the female condition as she finds it scored upon her sensibility."Template:Sfn

Explaining why she wanted to write the book, the synopsis continued: "Firstly I suppose it is to expiate my guilt at being an uncle Tom to my sex. I don't like women. I probably share in all the effortless and unconscious contempt that men pour on women." In a note at the time, she described 21 April 1969 as "the day on which my book begins itself, and Janis Joplin sings at Albert Hall. Yesterday the title was Strumpet Voluntary—what shall it be today?"Template:Sfn She told the Sydney Morning Herald in July 1969 that the book was nearly finished and would explore, in the reporter's words, "the myth of the ultra-feminine woman which both sexes are fed and which both end up believing".[6] In February 1970, she published an article in Oz, "The Slag-Heap Erupts", which gave a taste of her views to come, namely that women were to blame for their own oppression. "Men don't really like women", she wrote, "and that is really why they don't employ them. Women don't really like women either, and they too can usually be relied on to employ men in preference to women."Template:Sfn Several British feminists, including Angela Carter, Sheila Rowbotham and Michelene Wandor, responded angrily.Template:Sfn Wandor wrote a rejoinder in Oz, "On the end of Servile Penitude: A reply to Germaine's cunt power", arguing that Greer was writing about a feminist movement in which she had played no role and about which she knew nothing.Template:Sfn

Publication

Christine Wallace called Paladin's cover, designed by John Holmes, one of the most "instantly recognizable images in post-war publishing".Template:Sfn

Launched at a party attended by editors from Oz,Template:Sfn The Female Eunuch was published in the UK by MacGibbon & Kee on 12 October 1970,[8] dedicated to Lillian Roxon and four other women.[9] The first print run of Template:Frac thousand copies sold out on the first day.[10] Arguing that the suburban, consumerist, nuclear family represses and devitalizes women, the book became an international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement.Template:Sfn According to Greer, McGraw-Hill paid $29,000 for the American rights and Bantam $135,000 for the paperback.[11] The Bantam edition called Greer the "Saucy feminist that even men like", quoting Life magazine, and the book "#1: the ultimate word on sexual freedom".Template:Sfn Demand was such when it was first published that it had to be reprinted monthly,Template:Sfn and it has never been out of print.[2] Wallace writes about one woman who wrapped it in brown paper and kept it hidden under her shoes, because her husband would not let her read it.Template:Sfn By 1998 it had sold over one million copies in the UK alone.[12]

The year 1970 was an important one for second-wave feminism. In February 400 women met in Ruskin College, Oxford, for Britain's first Women's Liberation Conference.[13] In August Kate Millett's Sexual Politics was published in New York;[14] on 26 August the Women's Strike for Equality was held throughout the United States; and on 31 August Millett's portrait by Alice Neel was on the cover of Time magazine, by which time her book had sold 15,000 copies (although in December Time deemed her disclosure that she was a lesbian as likely to discourage people from embracing feminism).[15] September and October saw the publication of Sisterhood Is Powerful, edited by Robin Morgan, and Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex.Template:Sfn On 6 March 1971, dressed in a monk's habit, Greer marched through central London with 2,500 women in a Women's Liberation March.[16] By that month The Female Eunuch had been translated into eight languages and had nearly sold out its second printing.Template:Sfn McGraw-Hill published it in the United States on 16 April 1971.[17][18] The toast of New York, Greer insisted on staying at the Hotel Chelsea, a haunt of writers and artists, rather than at the Algonquin Hotel where her publisher had booked her; her book launch had to be rescheduled because so many people wanted to attend.[19] A New York Times book review described her as "[s]ix feet tall, restlessly attractive, with blue-gray eyes and a profile reminiscent of Garbo".[17] Her publishers called her "the most lovable creature to come out of Australia since the koala bear".Template:Sfn

A Paladin paperback followed, with cover art by British artist John Holmes, influenced by René Magritte,[20] showing a female torso as a suit hanging from a rail, a handle on each hip.[21] Clive Hamilton regarded it as "perhaps the most memorable and unnerving book cover ever created".[20] Likening the torso to "some fibreglass cast on an industrial production line", Christine Wallace wrote that Holmes's first version was a faceless, breastless, naked woman, "unmistakably Germaine ... hair fashionably afro-frizzed, waist-deep in a pile of stylised breasts, presumably amputated in the creation of a 'female eunuch' based on an assumed equivalence of testicles and mammary glands".Template:Sfn The book was reissued in 2001 by Farrar, Straus & Giroux at the instigation of Jennifer Baumgardner, a leading third-wave feminist and editor of the publisher's Feminist Classics series.Template:Sfn According to Justyna Wlodarczyk, Greer emerged as "the third wave's favorite second-wave feminist".Template:Sfn

Arguments

"When a woman may walk on the open streets of our cities alone, without insult or obstacle, at any pace she chooses, there will be no further need for this book."

[22]

The Female Eunuch explores how a male-dominated world affects a female's sense of self, and how sexist stereotypes undermine female rationality, autonomy, power and sexuality. Its message is that women have to look within themselves for personal liberation before trying to change the world. In a series of chapters in five sections—Body, Soul, Love, Hate and Revolution—Greer describes the stereotypes, myths and misunderstandings that combine to produce the oppression.Template:Sfn She summarized the book's position in 2018 as "Do what you want and want what you do ... Don't take it up the arse if you don't want to take it up the arse."[23] Wallace argues that this is a libertarian message, with its background in the Sydney Push, rather than one that rose out of the feminism of the day.Template:Sfn The first paragraph stakes out the book's place in feminist historiography (in an earlier draft, the first sentence read: "So far the female liberation movement is tiny, privileged and overrated"):Template:Sfn

Template:Blockquote

The Eunuch ends with: "Privileged women will pluck at your sleeve and seek to enlist you in the 'fight' for reforms, but reforms are retrogressive. The old process must be broken, not made new. Bitter women will call you to rebellion, but you have too much to do. What will you do?"Template:Sfn

Greer in Amsterdam, 6 June 1972, on a book tour for The Female Eunuch

Two of the book's themes already pointed the way to Sex and Destiny 14 years later, namely that the nuclear family is a bad environment for women and for the raising of children, and that the manufacture of women's sexuality by Western society is demeaning and confining. Girls are feminised from childhood by being taught rules that subjugate them. Later, when women embrace the stereotypical version of adult femininity, they develop a sense of shame about their own bodies, and lose their natural and political autonomy. The result is powerlessness, isolation, a diminished sexuality, and a lack of joy.[24] "Like beasts", she told The New York Times in March 1971, "who are castrated in farming in order to serve their master's ulterior motives—to be fattened or made docile—women have been cut off from their capacity for action."[17] The book argues that "[w]omen have very little idea of how much men hate them", while "[m]en do not themselves know the depth of their hatred."[25] First-wave feminism had failed in its revolutionary aims. "Reaction is not revolution", she wrote. "It is not a sign of revolution where the oppressed adopt the manners of the oppressors and practice oppression on their own behalf. Neither is it a sign of revolution when women ape men ..."Template:Sfn The American feminist Betty Friedan, author of The Feminine Mystique (1963), wants for women "equality of opportunity within the status quo, free admission to the world of the ulcer and the coronary", she argued.Template:Sfn

Although Greer's book made no use of autobiographical material, unlike other feminist works at the time, Mary Evans, writing in 2002, viewed Greer's "entire oeuvre" as autobiographical, a struggle for female agency in the face of the powerlessness of the feminine (her mother) against the backdrop of the missing male hero (her father).Template:Sfn Reviewing the book for The Massachusetts Review in 1972, feminist scholar Arlyn Diamond wrote that, while flawed, it was also "intuitively and brilliantly right", but she criticized Greer for her attitude toward women:

Template:Blockquote

Celebrity

Debate with Norman Mailer

Further information: Town Bloody Hall

Template:Quote box

In the UK Greer was voted "Woman of the Year" in 1971, and in the US the following year, she was "Playboy Journalist of the Year".[26] Much in demand, she embraced the celebrity life. On 30 April 1971, in "Dialogue on Women's Liberation" at the Town Hall in New York, she famously debated Norman Mailer, whose book The Prisoner of Sex had just been published in response to Kate Millett. Greer presented it as an evening of sexual conquest. She had always wanted to fuck Mailer, she said, and wrote in The Listener that she "half expected him to blow his head off in 'one last killer come' like Ernest Hemingway."Template:Sfn Betty Friedan, Sargent Shriver, Susan Sontag and Stephen Spender sat in the audience, where tickets were $25 a head (c. $155 in 2018), while Greer and Mailer shared the stage with Jill Johnston, Diana Trilling and Jacqueline Ceballos.[2][4]Template:Sfn Several feminists declined to attend, including Ti-Grace Atkinson, Kate Millett, Robin Morgan and Gloria Steinem.Template:Sfn Filmmakers Chris Hegedus and D. A. Pennebaker captured the event in the documentary Town Bloody Hall (1979).[4]

Template:External media

Wearing a paisley coat she had cut from a shawl and sewn herself, and sitting with her feet on a park bench, Greer appeared on the cover of Life magazine on 7 May 1971, under the title "Saucy Feminist That Even Men Like"; there were five more photographs of her inside.[27] Also in May, she was featured in Vogue magazine, photographed by Lord Snowdon, on the floor in knee-length boots and wearing the same paisley coat.Template:Sfn (In 2016 the coat, now in the National Museum of Australia, got its own scholarly article, and the photograph by Lord Snowdon is in the National Portrait Gallery in London.)Template:Sfn On 18 May Greer addressed the National Press Club in Washington, the first woman to do so; she was introduced as "an attractive, intelligent, sexually liberated woman".Template:Sfn She also appeared on The Dick Cavett Show, and on 14 and 15 June guest-presented two episodes, discussing birth control, abortion and rape.Template:Sfn


Later writing about women

On gender

Sex-gender distinction

In The Whole Woman, Greer argued that, while sex is a biological given, gender roles are cultural constructs. Femininity is not femaleness. "Genuine femaleness remains grotesque to the point of obscenity", she wrote.Template:Sfn Girls and women are taught femininity—learning to speak softly, wear certain clothes, remove body hair to please men, and so on—a process of conditioning that begins at birth and continues throughout the entire life span.Template:Sfn "There is nothing feminine about being pregnant", she told Krishnan Guru-Murthy in 2018. "It's almost the antithesis of that. There's nothing feminine about giving birth. It's a bloody struggle, and you've got to be strong and brave. There's nothing feminine about breastfeeding. God knows it drives everybody mad; they want to see nice big pumped-up tits, but they don't want to see them doing their job."[28]

Transgender identity

Greer's writing on gender has brought her into opposition with transgender activists. In a chapter in The Whole Woman entitled "Pantomime Dames", she wrote: "Governments that consist of very few women have hurried to recognise as women, men who believe that they are women and have had themselves castrated to prove it, because they see women not as another sex but as a non-sex."Template:Sfn Her position first attracted controversy in 1997, when she unsuccessfully opposed the offer of a Newnham College fellowship to physicist Rachael Padman, a trans woman, arguing that, because Padman had been "born male", she should not be admitted to a women-only college.[29] She reiterated her views several times over the following years,[lower-alpha 3] including in 2015 when students at Cardiff University tried unsuccessfully to "no platform" her to stop her from speaking on "Women & Power: The Lessons of the 20th Century".[32] Greer responded by reaffirming, during an interview with Kirsty Wark for BBC Newsnight, that she did not regard transgender women as women; she argued that the nomination of Caitlyn Jenner for Glamour Woman of the Year had been misogynist.[33][34][35] Over 130 academics and others signed a letter to The Observer in 2015 objecting to the use of no-platform policies against Greer and feminists with similar views; signatories included Beatrix Campbell, Mary Beard, Deborah Cameron, Catherine Hall, Liz Kelly, Ruth Lister, and the Southall Black Sisters.[36]

On rape

Arguments

Greer wrote in The Female Eunuch (1970) that rape is not the "expression of uncontrollable desire" but an act of "murderous aggression, spawned in self-loathing and enacted upon the hated other".Template:Sfn She has argued since at least the 1990s that the criminal justice system's approach to rape is male-centred, treating female victims as evidence rather than complainants, and reflecting that women were once regarded as male property. "Historically, the crime of rape was committed not against the woman but against the man with an interest in her, her father or her husband", she wrote in 1995. "What had to be established beyond doubt was that she had not collaborated with the man who usurped another's right. If she had, the penalty, which might have been stoning or pressing to death, was paid by her."[37]

Template:Quote box

Rape is not the worst thing that can happen to a woman, she writes; if a woman allows a man to have sex with her to avoid a beating, then arguably she fears the beating more. A woman who has been raped has no reason to feel shame (and therefore no need for anonymity), and a female-centred view of rape will not fashion it as something that can "ruin" a woman. "She may be outraged and humiliated", Greer writes, "but she cannot be damaged in any essential way by the simple fact of the presence of an unwelcome penis in her vagina."[37] If a woman feels she has been destroyed by such an attack, "it is because you've been told lies about who and what you are", she argued in 2018.[38] She suggested in 1995 that the crime of rape be replaced by one of sexual assault with varying degrees of seriousness and swifter outcomes.[37] In 2018 she said she had changed her mind about calling rape "sexual assault", because most rape (in particular, sex without consent within marriage) is not accompanied by physical violence.[39] "There is no way that the law of rape fits the reality of women's lives", she said in 2018.[40] Her book, On Rape, was published by Melbourne University Press in September 2018.[41]

Me Too movement

Greer has commented several times on the Me Too movement. In November 2017, she called for women to show solidarity when other women are sexually harassed.[42] Just before she was named Australian of the Year in Britain in January 2018, she said she had always wanted to see women react immediately to sexual harassment, as it occurs. "What makes it different is when the man has economic power, as Harvey Weinstein has. But if you spread your legs because he said 'be nice to me and I'll give you a job in a movie' then I'm afraid that's tantamount to consent, and it's too late now to start whingeing about that."[43] In May that year, she argued—of the high-profile cases—that disclosure was "dishonourable" because women who "claim to have been outraged 20 years ago" had been paid to sign non-disclosure agreements, but then had spoken out once the statute of limitations had lapsed and they had nothing to lose.[44]

Awards and honours

Template:External media Greer has received several honorary doctorates: a Doctor of Letters from York University in 1999,[45] a Doctor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 2003,[46] a Doctor of Letters at Anglia Ruskin University in 2003, and a Doctor of Letters from the University of Sydney in 2005.[47][48]

The National Portrait Gallery in London has purchased eight photographs of Greer, including by Bryan Wharton, Lord Snowdon and Polly Borland, and one painting by Paula Rego.[49] She was selected as an Australian National Living Treasure in 1997,[50] and in 2001 was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.Template:Sfn In 2011 she was one of four feminist "Australian legends" (along with Eva Cox, Elizabeth Evatt and Anne Summers) represented on Australian postage stamps.[51] In the UK she was voted "Woman of the Year" in 1971,[26] and in 2016 BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour placed her fourth on its annual "Power List" of seven women who had the biggest impact on women's lives over the previous 70 years, alongside (in order) Margaret Thatcher, Helen Brook, Barbara Castle, Jayaben Desai, Bridget Jones, and Beyoncé.[52]

Controversial views

Writer Yvonne Roberts referred to Greer as "the contrarian queen".[53] Sarah Ditum wrote that Greer "doesn't get into trouble occasionally or inadvertently, but consistently and with the attitude of a tank rolling directly into a crowd of infantry".[54] The Sydney Morning Herald has labelled her a "human headline".[55] British actor and comedian Tracey Ullman has portrayed Greer as an elderly woman picking fights at bus stops.[54] In response to criticism of Greer, Polly Toynbee wrote in 1988: "Small minds, small spirits affronted by the sheer size and magnetism of the woman."Template:Sfn

Greer said that the 1989 fatwa against Salman Rushdie for his novel The Satanic Verses (1988)[56] was his own fault, although she also added her name that year to a petition in his support.[57] In 2006, she supported activists trying to halt the filming in London's Brick Lane of the film Brick Lane (based on Monica Ali's novel of the same name) because, she wrote, "a proto-Bengali writer with a Muslim name" had portrayed Bengali Muslims as "irreligious and disorderly". Rushdie called her comments "philistine, sanctimonious, and disgraceful, but ... not unexpected".[56]

In May 1995, in her column for The Guardian (which the newspaper spiked), she referred to Guardian journalist Suzanne Moore's "bird's nest hair" and "fuck-me shoes".[58] She called her biographer, Christine Wallace, a "flesh-eating bacterium" and Wallace's book, Untamed Shrew (1999), "a piece of excrement".[59]Template:Sfn (She has said "I fucking hate biography. If you want to know about Dickens, read his fucking books.")[60] Australia, she said in 2004, was a "cultural wasteland"; the Australian prime minister, John Howard, called her remarks patronising and condescending.[61] After receiving a fee of £40,000,[62] she left the Celebrity Big Brother house on day six in 2005 because, she wrote, it was a squalid "fascist prison camp".[63][64][65] Kevin Rudd, later Australia's prime minister, told her to "stick a sock in it" in 2006, when, in a column about the death of Australian Steve Irwin, star of The Crocodile Hunter, she concluded that the animal world had "finally taken its revenge".[66][67] She criticized the wife of the newly elected American president Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, for her dress on the night of the 2008 U.S. election,Template:Sfn and in 2012 she advised Australia's first female prime minister, Julia Gillard, to change the cut of her jackets because she had "a big arse".[68]

Later life

In June 2022 Germaine Greer was among the women highlighted in the Australian Women Changemakers exhibition at the Museum of Australian Democracy.[69]

In 2021 Greer had returned to Australia to sell her home and put herself into aged care. In 2022 the 83 year old Greer noted more women are in care than men. She described herself as 'not a patient, but an inmate' and spoke frankly about residential aged care being one of the more pressing feminist issues today.[70][71]

Germaine Greer archive

Greer sold her archive in 2013 to the University of Melbourne.[72] As of June 2018 it covers the period 1959–2010, filling 487 archive boxes on 82 metres of shelf space.[73][74][75] The transfer of the archive (150 filing-cabinet drawers) from Greer's home in England began in July 2014; the university announced that it was raising Template:AUD to fund the purchase, shipping, housing, cataloguing and digitising. Greer said that her receipt from the sale would be donated to her charity, Friends of Gondwana Rainforest.[76]

Selected works

Template:Div col

  • (1963). Template:Cite thesis
  • (1968). Template:Cite thesis
  • (1970). The Female Eunuch. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
  • (1979) as Rose Blight. The Revolting Garden. HarperCollins.
  • (1979). The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work. London: Martin Secker and Warburg.
  • (1984). Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility. London: Harper & Row.
  • (1986). Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Past Masters series).
  • (1986). The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings. London: Picador.
  • (1988) with Susan Hastings, Jeslyn Medoff, Melinda Sansone (eds). Kissing the Rod: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Women's Verse. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • (1989). Daddy, We Hardly Knew You. New York: Fawcett Columbine.
  • (1989) (ed.). The Uncollected Verse of Aphra Behn. London: Stump Cross Books.
  • (1990) with Ruth Little (eds). The Collected Works of Katherine Philips: The Matchless Orinda, Volume III, The Translations. London: Stump Cross Books.
  • (1991). "The Offstage Mob: Shakespeare's Proletariat", in Tetsuo Kishi, Roger Pringle, and Stanley Wells (eds). Shakespeare and Cultural Traditions. Newark: University of Delaware Press, pp. 54–75.
  • (1991). The Change: Women, Ageing and the Menopause. London: Hamish Hamilton.
  • (1994). "Macbeth: Sin and Action of Grace", in J. Wain (ed.). Shakespeare: Macbeth. London: Macmillan, pp. 263–270.
  • (1995). Slip-Shod Sibyls: Recognition, Rejection and the Woman Poet. Viking.
  • (1997) with Susan Hastings (eds). The Surviving Works of Anne Wharton. London: Stump Cross Books.
  • (1999). The Whole Woman. London: Doubleday.
  • (2000). John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. London: Northcote House Publishers.
  • (2001) (ed.). 101 Poems by 101 Women. London: Faber & Faber.
  • (2003). The Boy. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • (2003) (ed.). Poems for Gardeners. London: Virago.
  • (2004). Whitefella Jump Up: The Shortest Way to Nationhood. London: Profile Books (first published 2003 in Quarterly Essay).
  • (2007). Shakespeare's Wife. London: Bloomsbury.
  • (2007). Stella Vine. Oxford: Modern Art Oxford.
  • (2008). "Shakespeare and the Marriage Contract", in Paul Raffield, Gary Watt (eds). Shakespeare and the Law. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 51–64.
  • (2008). On Rage. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
  • (2011) with Phil Willmott. Lysistrata: The Sex Strike: After Aristophanes. Samuel French Limited.
  • (2013). White Beech: The Rainforest Years. London: Bloomsbury.
  • (2018). On Rape. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

Template:Div col end

Sources

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

  1. Magarey 2010, pp. 402–403; Medoff 2010, p. 263; Standish 2014, p. 263; Francis & Henningham 2017. For the date of birth, Wallace 1999, p. 3.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Winant 2015.
  3. Saracoglu, Melody (12 May 2014). "Melody Saracoglu on Germaine Greer: One Woman Against the World", New Statesman.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Buchanan7Jan2018
  5. Template:YouTube, All About Women festival, Sydney Opera House, 8 March 2015 (Greer and others discussing feminism; at 01:06:04)
  6. 6.0 6.1 "Doctor who refuses to be type-cast", The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 July 1969, p. 19.
  7. Kleinhenz 2018, p. 137; also see Packer 1984, p. 98; Wallace 1999, p. 141.
  8. "Goodbye love", The Guardian, 28 September 1970, p. 9.
    Shooting down The Female Eunuch, The Sunday Times, 10 October 2010.
    .
  9. Kleinhenz 2018, pp. 136–137
  10. Germaine Greer on Marriage, Children And Society, The Late Late Show, RTÉ, 24 October 1986.
  11. Template:Cite magazine
  12. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named McCann25Feb1998
  13. Lake 2016, p. 10; The first Women's Liberation Movement Conference, Woman's Hour, BBC, 25 February 2010.
  14. Template:Cite magazine
  15. Poirot 2004, pp. 204–205; Mosmann 2016, p. 84; Kleinhenz 2018, pp. 166–167.
  16. "Women who came out in the cold", The Observer, 7 March 1971, p. 1.
    Women's Liberation Movement march, 1971 – in pictures, The Guardian, 3 March 2018.
    From the archive, 8 March 1971: Women march for liberation in London, The Guardian, 8 March 2013.
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 Weintraub, Judith. Germaine Greer – Opinions That May Shock the Faithful, March 22, 1971.
  18. Books of the Times, The New York Times, 20 April 1971.
    The Female Eunuch by Germaine Greer, The New York Times, 25 April 1971.
  19. Spongberg 1993, p. 407; for the Hotel Chelsea, Kleinhenz 2018, p. 169.
  20. 20.0 20.1 Hamilton 2016, p. 44.
  21. Russell, Marlowe (18 October 2011). "John Holmes obituary", The Guardian.
  22. "The Female Eunuch first draft", University Library, The University of Melbourne. This quote is the first draft's opening line.
  23. Template:YouTube, Festival of Dangerous Ideas 2012, Sydney Opera House
  24. Template:YouTube, BBC, 9 June 2018
  25. Greer 2001, pp. 279, 281–282; also see Greer 1999, p. 359.
  26. 26.0 26.1 Spongberg 1993, p. 407.
  27. Smith 2012, p. 309; Kleinhenz 2018, pp. 171–172.
  28. Template:YouTube, Channel 4 News, 23 May 2018, at 00:29:54
  29. Garner, Clare. Fellows divided over don who breached last bastion, The Independent, 25 June 1997.
  30. Q&A: Germaine Greer revives an old controversy about what constitutes a real woman, ABC News, 11 April 2016.
  31. Ditum, Sarah. Genderquake failed. Now for a proper trans debate, 13 May 2018.
  32. Morris, Steven. Germaine Greer gives university lecture despite campaign to silence her, 18 November 2015.
  33. Germaine Greer: Transgender women are 'not women' (24 October 2015).
  34. De Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko. Cardiff University Rejects Bid to Bar Germaine Greer, 24 October 2015.
  35. Germaine Greer and the scourge of 'no-platforming', ABC News, 27 October 2015.
  36. We cannot allow censorship and silencing of individuals, The Observer, 14 February 2015.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 Greer, Germaine. "Call rape by another name", 6 March 1995, p. 20.
  38. Template:YouTube, Channel 4 News, 23 May 2018, at 00:13:00
  39. Template:YouTube, The Wright Stuff, Channel 5, UK, 6 April 2018, at 2m49s
  40. Template:Cite AV media How to:Academy and The New York Times.
  41. Greer, Germaine (2018). On Rape. Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0522874303. 
  42. Template:Cite AV media
  43. Miller, Nick. Germaine Greer challenges #MeToo campaign, 21 January 2018.
  44. Template:YouTube, Channel 4 News, 23 May 2018
  45. Manfred Erhardt, Germaine Greer, Golda Koschitzky, Francesca Valente to Receive Hon. Docs. .... York University (1 November 1999).
  46. Roll out the honours, The Age, 13 June 2005.
  47. Germaine Greer speaks to University of Sydney graduates. The University of Sydney (4 November 2005).; Francis & Henningham 2017.
  48. Germaine Greer - ARU (en).
  49. Germaine Greer. National Portrait Gallery, London.
  50. Australian National Living Treasure. University of Queensland.
  51. Feminists feature on Aussie legends stamps, ABC News (Australia), 19 January 2011.
  52. "Margaret Thatcher tops Woman's Hour Power List", BBC News, 14 December 2016.
  53. Reading Germaine: three generations respond to On Rape, 9 September 2018.
  54. 54.0 54.1 Ditum, Sarah. Germaine Greer has always refused to be 'nice' – if only there were more of her, New Statesman, 6 June 2018.
  55. Greer given enough rope, The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 July 2004.
  56. 56.0 56.1 'You sanctimonious philistine' – Rushdie v Greer, the sequel, The Guardian, 29 July 2006.
  57. "World Statement, International Committee for the Defence of Salman Rushdie and his Publishers", The Observer, 5 March 1989, p. 4.
  58. "Middle-aged feminist rage shocks and amuses", The Observer, 21 May 1995, p. 12.
  59. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Thackray21Feb1999
  60. Funny, unkind, provocative: please don't make me have an opinion on Germaine Greer, New Statesman, 7 November 2018.
  61. Oz outrage at Germaine Greer's attack on 'cultural wasteland', The Daily Telegraph, 28 January 2004. Template:Cbignore
  62. Greer walks out of 'bullying' Big Brother, The Guardian, 12 January 2005.
  63. Greer, Germaine. Filth!, 16 January 2005.
  64. Lyall, Sarah. Germaine Greer's Orwellian Ordeal on 'Big Brother', 20 January 2005.
  65. Why I said yes to Big Brother's shilling, The Daily Telegraph, 12 January 2005. Template:Cbignore
  66. Greer draws anger over Irwin comments, The Age, 6 September 2006.
  67. Greer, Germaine. That sort of self-delusion is what it takes to be a real Aussie larrikin, The Guardian, 5 September 2006.
  68. Template:YouTube, Q&A, 2012
  69. Haussegger, Virginia (2022-06-18). The incredible women reshaping our nation (en-AU).
  70. Females to the fore: The women at this year's Canberra Writers Festival (en-AU) (2022-08-05).
  71. The Australian - Germaine Greer's life as an aged-care 'inmate' (1 July 2022).
  72. "An introduction to the Germaine Greer collection at the University of Melbourne Archives". University of Melbourne.
  73. "The Germaine Greer Collection", University of Melbourne.
  74. Gulliver, Penny (23 March 2017). "Friday essay: reading Germaine Greer’s mail", The Conversation.
  75. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Dean1Nov2013
  76. University to house Germaine Greer archive. University of Melbourne (28 October 2013).

Works cited

Websites and news articles are listed in the References section only.

Template:Refbegin

  • (1998) Even the Stars Look Lonesome. New York: Bantam Books. 
  • (2001) “Why the Female Eunuch?”, The Female Eunuch. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1–7. 
  • (2011) F 'em!: Goo Goo, Gaga, and Some Thoughts on Balls. New York: Da Capo Press. 
  • (2016) Writing Feminist Lives: The Biographical Battles over Betty Friedan, Germaine Greer, Gloria Steinem, and Simone de Beauvoir. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 
  • (1998) Australian Feminism: a companion. Melbourne and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
  • (1996) Sex And Anarchy: The Life And Death of the Sydney Push. Viking. 
  • (Winter–Spring 1972) "Elizabeth Janeway and Germaine Greer". The Massachusetts Review 13 (1/2): 275–279.
  • (2010) Hippie Hippie Shake. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. 
  • (1984) No Return Ticket. Angus & Robertson. ISBN 9780207150289. 
  • (1999) Thatcher's Theatre: British Theatre and Drama in the Eighties. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 
  • (Summer 2004) "Mediating a Movement, Authorizing Discourse: Kate Millett, Sexual Politics, and Feminism's Second Wave". Women's Studies in Communication 27 (2): 204–235. DOI:10.1080/07491409.2004.10162473. Research Blogging.
  • (2012) A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
  • (1993) "If She's So Great, How Come So Many Pigs Dig Her? Germaine Greer and the malestream press". Women's History Review 2 (3): (407–419), 407. DOI:10.1080/09612029300200036. Research Blogging.
  • (2014) “Greer, Germaine (1939–)”, The Encyclopedia of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia. Melbourne: Australian Women's Archives Project. 
  • (2012) “Behind the Lines: Ironing in the Soul”, Women of the Revolution: Forty Years of Feminism. London: Guardian Books. 
  • Wallace, Christine (1999). Germaine Greer: Untamed Shrew. London: Faber and Faber. 
  • (Spring 2015) "The Meaningful Disappearance of Germaine Greer". Cabinet (57).
  • (2010) Ungrateful Daughters: Third Wave Feminist Writings. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 
  • (January–February 2009) "Review: The Second-Best Bed and Other Conundrums". The Women's Review of Books 26 (1): 29–30.

Template:Refend

External links

Template:Wikiquote Template:Commons category Template:Library resources box


Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found