Beetle: Difference between revisions
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| color = pink | | color = pink | ||
| name = Beetles | | name = Beetles | ||
| image = Japanese_beetles.JPG | |||
| image_width = 250px | |||
| image_caption = [[Japanese beetle|Japanese beetles]] mating | |||
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia | | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | ||
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | ||
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| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | ||
| ordo = '''Coleoptera''' | | ordo = '''Coleoptera''' | ||
| ordo_authority = [[Linnaeus]] 1758 | | ordo_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] 1758 | ||
| subdivision_ranks = Suborders | | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | ||
| subdivision = | | subdivision = | ||
*[[ | *[[Adephaga]] | ||
*[[Archostemata]] | *[[Archostemata]] | ||
*[[Myxophaga]] | *[[Myxophaga]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Beetles''' (Order ''Coleoptera'') make up the largest order in the insect kingdom. | '''Beetles''' (Order ''Coleoptera'') make up the largest order in the insect kingdom. Many beetles are pests, feeding on all parts of crops. Still others will eat stored food. Other beetles are helpful, eating other insect pests or acting as [[scavenger|scavengers]]. | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
The [[Insect wing|forewings]], or [[Insect wing|elytra]], are leathery and hard, nearly always meeting up in a straight line down the back. They are not used in flight. The [[Insect wing|hindwings]], which are used in flight, are usually tucked underneath the forewings. In most species of beetles, both pairs of wings are present. [[Antenna|Antennae]] are usually 11 segments long, with some species having 8-10, and the rare occasional beetle with as few as 2. | |||
==Life Cycle== | ==Life Cycle== | ||
Beetles undergo complete [[ | [[Image:Adult beetle and pupae.JPG|right|thumb|350px|{{#ifexist:Template:Adult beetle and pupae.JPG/credit|{{Adult beetle and pupae.JPG/credit}}<br/>|}}Adult and pupal form of the [[Mealworm beetle]]]] | ||
Beetles undergo [[complete metamorphosis]]. That is, they start off as [[egg|eggs]], become [[larva|larvae]], [[pupate]], and turn into the adult form. Larvae are variable in form and the hardness of their form. They can appear grub-like, [[campodeiform]], worm-like, and more. Some larvae feed in the open, while others bury into their food. | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Larval forms live in a large number of habitats, and some are aquatic. The same is true for the adult form. They are common on vegetation, and are found under bark, stones, and other objects as well. They can also be found in [[fungi]], rotting vegetation, [[dung]] and [[carrion]]. | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
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===Subdivisions=== | ===Subdivisions=== | ||
There are four suborders in this order. | There are four suborders in this order. [[Archostemata]] are the most primitive. In [[Adephaga]], the first [[abdominal sternum]] are interrupted in the center by the hind [[Hexapod leg|coxae]]. In [[Polyphaga]], the sternum extends completely across the [[Insect abdomen|abdomen]]. Superfamilies and families are usually divided by characteristics of the antennae, [[Hexapod leg|leg]], [[Insect head|head]], [[pronotum]], elytra, [[Thorax|thoractic]] [[sclerite|sclerites]], and [[Insect abdomen|abdomen]] | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
Revision as of 08:53, 5 June 2008
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 Japanese beetles mating
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Beetles (Order Coleoptera) make up the largest order in the insect kingdom. Many beetles are pests, feeding on all parts of crops. Still others will eat stored food. Other beetles are helpful, eating other insect pests or acting as scavengers.
Identification
The forewings, or elytra, are leathery and hard, nearly always meeting up in a straight line down the back. They are not used in flight. The hindwings, which are used in flight, are usually tucked underneath the forewings. In most species of beetles, both pairs of wings are present. Antennae are usually 11 segments long, with some species having 8-10, and the rare occasional beetle with as few as 2.
Life Cycle
Beetles undergo complete metamorphosis. That is, they start off as eggs, become larvae, pupate, and turn into the adult form. Larvae are variable in form and the hardness of their form. They can appear grub-like, campodeiform, worm-like, and more. Some larvae feed in the open, while others bury into their food.
Habitat
Larval forms live in a large number of habitats, and some are aquatic. The same is true for the adult form. They are common on vegetation, and are found under bark, stones, and other objects as well. They can also be found in fungi, rotting vegetation, dung and carrion.
Taxonomy
Number of species
There are 28,600 species found in North America, and 290,000 worldwide.
Subdivisions
There are four suborders in this order. Archostemata are the most primitive. In Adephaga, the first abdominal sternum are interrupted in the center by the hind coxae. In Polyphaga, the sternum extends completely across the abdomen. Superfamilies and families are usually divided by characteristics of the antennae, leg, head, pronotum, elytra, thoractic sclerites, and abdomen
Bibliography
Borrer, DJ and RE White. A Field Guide to Insects: America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 1970. ISBN 0-395-91170-2
Milne, L and M Milne. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects & Spiders. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.: 1995. ISBN 0-394-50763-0
Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed June 4 2008.