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...Adiposity signals and food reward: expanding the CNS roles of insulin and leptin ''Am J Physiol'' 284:R882-92 Figlewicz DP, Benoit SC (2009) Insulin, leptin, and food reward: update ''Am J Physiol'' 296:R9-R19

...europeptide Y]] (NPY) and [[agouti-related peptide]] (AgRP), and induced [[leptin]] resistance contribute to increased appetite, while other mechanisms assoc ===Development of leptin and insulin resistance during different reproductive states===

...respects it can be considered as a counterpart of the hormone [[leptin]]; leptin, a hormone produced by [[adipose tissue]], suppresses appetite (an anorexig ...''|title=The rat arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral signals provided by leptin, insulin, and a ghrelin mimetic |journal=Diabetes |volume=51 |pages=3412�

Cowley MA ''et al'' (2001) Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate ...S ''et al''. (2004) Rapid rewiring of arcuate nucleus feeding circuits by leptin. ''Science'' 304:110-5 PMID 15064421.

...ef>Farooqi IS, O’Rahilly S(2008) Mutations in ligands and receptors of the leptin–melanocortin pathway that lead to obesity. nature clinical practice ''End POMC expression in the arcuate nucleus is regulated by [[leptin]], a hormone secreted by adipose tissue. Both the [[opioid]] peptide [[B en

...ed from the large fat mass) but appear to be insensitive to leptin - this "leptin resistance" appears to be similar to the "insulin resistance" seen in type ...which lacks a blood-brain barrier, so it is also possible that ghrelin and leptin gain direct entry into the brain at this site.

...wakefulness. Hormones involved in appetite regulation such as ghrelin and leptin can influence these areas of the brain thus may have a role in resetting th ...(2001) The suprachiasmatic nucleus generates the diurnal changes in plasma leptin levels ''Endocrinology'' 142:2677–85</ref> and yet the role of the SCN in

...the dopamine reward pathways <ref>Figlewicz DP, Benoit SC (2009) Insulin, leptin, and food reward: update 2008 ''Am J Physiol'' 296:R9-19</ref> Receptors fo or inhibition e.g. by insulin or leptin of dopamine signalling to the nucleus accumbens <ref>Magni P ''et al.'' (20

{{r|Leptin}}

: ''Hypothalamic Targets of Insulin and Leptin Action''

...t for short-term appetite control, but newly discovered peptides such as [[leptin]] became more likely candidates for long-term control. ...feeding thus appears to involve other factors, such as the secretion of [[leptin]] from fat ([[adipocyte|adipose]]) tissue.

...leptin... is detectable in serum and that obese subjects have higherserum leptin concentrations than normal- weight subjects. The values were most closely r

...s]]es'' are structures specialised to import blood-borne factors such as [[leptin]] across the blood-brain barrier.<ref>Redzic ZB ''et al.'' (2005) The choro

...ly associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide"'' ...ly associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide Y''

...available. These neurons are regulated by circulating concentrations of [[leptin]] (a hormone secreted from fat cells ([[adipose tissue]]) and [[ghrelin]] ( ...a MSH. These neurons are also regulated by circulating concentrations of [[leptin]] and [[ghrelin]]. They are directly innervated by the NPY/AGRP neurons, wh

...genes in the control of food intake rather than trying to write about npy, leptin, ghrelin and all the other, seemingly endless, gene products that are invol

...peptide]] (AgRP), and these neurones are inhibited by leptin. Conversely, leptin excitates anorexigenic neurons that express [[pro-opiomelanocortin]] (POM ...is no direct effect of cortisol but it may influence other factors such as leptin, NPY or certain cytokines which have a more direct effect on eating. <ref>

...ted to monogenic causes. Many of these are mutations of proteins in the “[[leptin]] pathway” which has an important role in energy balance. Each of those r {{Image|Leptin_pathway2.png|centre|550px|Leptin pathway}}

...n the regulation of appetite. They are directly activated in response to [[leptin]], a hormone releasec from [[adipocyte]]s that circulates in concentrations

...besity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insul ==Leptin==