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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

In computer science, a translation system is a program which translates one language into another. If both the source and target language are formal languages, which are fully specified so there can be no ambiguity, the program is called a compiler. But software which translates between two natural languages must use many more techniques and heuristics than a compiler, due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language. The endeavor of translating natural languages using a computer program involves both the academic disciplines of computer science and linguistics.