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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

The Jerusalem artichoke is not a true artichoke, but an edible tuber of the sunflower family. Nor is it from Jerusalem; rather, its name is a corruption of the Italian word for sunflower, girasol. It is also known as the sunchoke.

Jerusalem artichokes are eaten raw, sliced or grated, in salads; cooked in soups; or as a vegetable accompaniment to red meats.