Apolipoprotein

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In medicine and biochemistry, apolipoproteins are "protein components on the surface of lipoproteins. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and lipid metabolism. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the liver and the intestines."[1]

Classification

Role in dyslipidemias

For more information, see: Dyslipidemia.

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

For more information, see: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein A-I is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C-II is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type I.

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein E is the cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type III.

Role as a diagnostic tests

Measurement of blood apolipoproteins and the ratio of apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A-I are alternatives to measuring cholesterol levels and the ratio of non–HDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol in determining risk of vascular disease from atherosclerosis.[2]

References

  1. Anonymous (2024), Apolipoprotein (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK et al. (2009). "Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease.". JAMA 302 (18): 1993-2000. DOI:10.1001/jama.2009.1619. PMID 19903920. Research Blogging.