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=== '''Help Write Articles about our World''' ===
Welcome to '''Citizendium''', a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their '''real names'''.  We write the kinds of encyclopedia-style articles that Wikipedia and other sites can't write.  We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject.  Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.
Our goals have changed. Please read about <big>'''[[CZ:Who_we_are_in_2021|who we are in 2022]]'''</big>.
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See '''<big>[[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]</big>'''&mdash;an overview of articles we are writing ''now''.
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=== '''Help Write Articles about our World''' ===


Welcome to '''Citizendium''', a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their '''real names'''.  We write the kinds of encyclopedia-style articles that Wikipedia and other sites can't write.  We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject.  Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.


Our goals have changed. Please read about <big>'''[[CZ:Who_we_are_in_2021|who we are in 2021]]'''</big>.


----


See '''<big>[[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]]</big>'''&mdash;an overview of articles we are writing ''now''.


===='''Become a member--it's free!'''====
* '''Join''' via our {{ApplicationForm}}
* [[CZ:How to start a new_article|Start a new article]]
*  Improve [[CZ:Workgroups|existing articles]]
** [[CZ:Quick Start|Quick Start]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[CZ:How to collaborate|How to collaborate]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[CZ:How To|How to format pages]]
*[[CZ:Introduction_to_CZ_for_Wikipedians|Wikipedians are '''very''' welcome]]!
* Read our [[CZ:Policies|policies]]. We [[CZ:Objectivity Guidance|strive for objectivity]].
* We [[CZ:Myths and Facts#Myth: most Citizendium articles are copied from Wikipedia.|prefer new material]] but importing is allowed in [[CZ:Import|certain conditions]].
* See articles considered [[CZ:Ready for reading|ready for reading]].
* We are a partner site with [https://www.physicsforums.com/ Physics Forums]; see [[CZ:More_information_for_Physics_Forums_Members|this]].


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!align=center colspan=3 style="background:#CCFFCC"| '''Our [[Help:Index|help system]] and [[Forum:Home|forum]]'''
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|''Questions and answers to help you find the information you need''<br />
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{| align=center style="width:90%; background-color: #80FF80; border: solid 3px #40FF40; padding: 2px;" 
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<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Some of our finest''' </h4>
<h4 style="margin:0 0 0.75em; padding:0;"> '''Some of our finest''' </h4>
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[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />
[[:Category:Citable versions of articles|Citable Articles]] <font size=1>('''{{PAGESINCAT:Citable versions of articles}}''')</font><br />

Revision as of 09:22, 17 May 2022

Help Write Articles about our World

Welcome to Citizendium, a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real names. We write the kinds of encyclopedia-style articles that Wikipedia and other sites can't write. We regard information as a public good and welcome anyone who wants to share their knowledge on virtually any subject. Our online community prides itself on being congenial and supportive.

Our goals have changed. Please read about who we are in 2022.


See Recent Changes—an overview of articles we are writing now.

Please help today!
Please make your donations here.
Donations go to keep our servers running. See our financial report.

Become a member--it's free!

Agriculture Earth Sciences Journalism Physics
Anthropology Economics Law Politics
Archaeology Education Library & Info. Sci. Psychology
Architecture Engineering Linguistics Religion
Astronomy Food Science Literature Robotics
Biology Games Mathematics Sociology
Business Geography Media Sports
Chemistry Health Sciences Military Theater
Classics History Music Topic Informant
Computers Hobbies Philosophy Visual Arts


Our help system and forum
Questions and answers to help you find the information you need


















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Some of our finest

Approved.png

Citable Articles (145)
Developed Articles (1,149)
(17,709 total articles)

I've learned very early the difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something.
Richard Feynman (1918–1988), American physicist (taken from here)
       —add a quotation about knowledge or writing

Featured Article: Napoleon

Napoleon (Napoleon Bonaparte or, after 1804, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French) was a world historic figure and dictator of France from 1799 to 1814. He was the greatest general of his age--perhaps any age, with a sure command of battlefield tactics and campaign strategies, As a civil leader he played a major role in the French Revolution, then ended it when he became dictator in 1799 and Emperor of France in 1804 He modernized the French military, fiscal, political legal and religious systems. He fought an unending series of wars against Britain with a complex, ever-changing coalition of European nations on both sides. Refusing to compromise after his immense defeat in Russia in 1812, he was overwhelmed by a coalition of enemies and abdicated in 1814. In 1815 he returned from exile, took control of France, built a new army, and in 100 days almost succeeded--but was defeated at Waterloo and exiled to a remote island. His image and memory are central to French national identity, but he is despised by the British and Russians and is a controversial figure in Germany and elsewhere in Europe.

The Trail of Napoleon - J.F. Horrabin - Map.jpg

Rise to Power

Once the Revolution had begun, so many of the aristocratic officers turned against the Revolutionary government, or were exiled or executed, that a vacuum of senior leadership resulted. Promotions came very quickly now, and loyalty to the Revolution was as important as technical skill; Napoleon had both. His demerits were overlooked as he was twice reinstated, promoted, and allowed to collect his back pay. Paris knew him as an intellectual soldier deeply involved in politics. His first test of military genius came at Toulon in 1793, where the British had seized this key port. Napoleon, an acting Lieutenant-Colonel, used his artillery to force the British to abandon the city. He was immediately promoted by the Jacobin radicals under Robespierre to brigadier-general, joining the ranks of several brilliant young generals. He played a major role in defending Paris itself from counter-revolutionaries, and became the operational planner for the Army of Italy and planned two successful attacks in April 1794. He married Josephine (Rose de Beauharnais) in 1796, after falling violently in love with the older aristocratic widow.[1]

Footnotes

  1. Englund pp 63-73, 91-2, 97-8

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