Time difference of arrival
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Time difference of arrival (TDOA) is an electronic technique used in direction finding and navigation, in which the time of arrival of a specific signal, at physically separate receiving stations with precisely synchronized time references, are calculated. In the military context, it is part of both electronic warfare and measurement and signature intelligence. One commercial application for TDOA is locating a cellular telephone based on comparing when the signal arrives at different cell towers. The technique requires no additional circuitry in the telephone, since it uses the standard signal. It may be supplemented with angle of arrival information if the cell towers have directional receiving antennas.
It is also used in Radar MASINT#Passive radar|passive radar systems, which are especially attractive for countering stealth, and also make the ground radar more survivable because the specific transmitters it uses may not be possible to determine. [2] References
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