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| ==Questions== | | == For crying out loud == |
| | Now, there exists (thanks to guess how): |
| | * [[9-11 Attack]] |
| | * [[9-11 Attack in New York]] |
| | * [[9-11 Commission/Definition]] which redirects to [[National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States]] |
| | * [[9-11 Hijackers]] |
| | * [[9-11 conspiracy theory]] |
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| Is this the best title for this article? Looking at the redirects already creates, other options would be "September 11th terrorist attack", or "September 11, 2001 attacks", and the plural (or singular) of the existing title or the options. My personal preference would be [[September 11, 2001 attack]] or [[September 11, 2001 al-Qaeda attack]], but it's not a strong preference. I do think the title should be singular, as it was one coordinated effort.
| | All these must be merged into a single, comprehensive article that can be kept up-to-date in one location. Grrrr. I will make all these articles and add their merger/renaming to my todo list. [[User:Pat Palmer|Pat Palmer]] ([[User talk:Pat Palmer|talk]]) 13:42, 9 March 2024 (CST) |
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| There are at least a couple of naming questions: How should the group, and its leader, be referred to? The article inconsistently uses [[al Qaeda]] and [[al-Qaeda]], and uses [[Usama bin Ladin]], even though almost everyone other than the U.S. government uses "Osama" rather than "Usama". [[User:Anthony Argyriou|Anthony Argyriou]] 13:12, 6 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ::very good points! I prefer the "9-11" variation as more pointed than "Spetember 11" (it downplays the month -- also because 911 is the emergency phone #). Yes, "Osama" is better and I will change that. [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 15:56, 6 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :::I'd prefer "9/11" to "9-11", but that messes with the mediawiki software. It'll be nice to see a good article here without having to constantly chase off the conspiracy theorists like they do at Wikipedia. [[User:Anthony Argyriou|Anthony Argyriou]] 16:52, 6 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ::I think the plural sounds better than the singular, but it's definitely better to use "September 11" rather than "9-11". [[User:Carl Jantzen|Carl Jantzen]] 09:08, 12 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ==Objections==
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| {{civil}}
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| Is there anyway we can clean this up to meet standards? [[User:Denis Cavanagh|Denis Cavanagh]] 04:12, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :This article requires extensive modification to several sections, including the (unintentionally hilarious) 'World Response' section. I would like to quote "[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&oldid=100133666#World_response ...The world had been accustomed to long-winded speeches about the need for actions which everyone knew would never happen. Now there was action, and the world stood in awe of America's vast military power unleashed with cold fury...]" - this section, from 12th July 2007, seems to be satire. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 04:48, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| I like Satire with the best of them but this I feel, was not deliberate satire. It needs to be cleaned up. [[User:Denis Cavanagh|Denis Cavanagh]] 05:43, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| == International Law and Iraq ==
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| Several places, this article says that the attack on Iraq was against international law. This is, at best, debateable. The United States had the authority to enforce the Gulf War ceas-fire, and an invasion of Iraq and removal of the Ba'ath regime was justified by Iraqi violations of the cease-fire. [[User:Anthony Argyriou|Anthony Argyriou]] 14:41, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ==Taliban and the Bush administration==
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| I am unconvinced that the [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&diff=100139615&oldid=100139228 edit replacing "cordial" with "strained" in the following paragraph] is justified:
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| :Afghanistan's Taliban regime had enjoyed strained relations with U.S. prior to 9-11, but its harboring of bin Laden and his associates made military action inevitable. In late 2001, American and British planes bombed the country in support of the Afghan Northern Alliance - a coalition of warlords opposed to the Taliban. Subsequently, Allied ground forces joined the attack.
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| As far as I can see, the Bush administration supported the Taliban until 9/11, and Bush's links with the Taliban via a 1997 oil pipeline deal have also been noted:
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| :''BBC News'': '[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/west_asia/36735.stm Taleban to Texas for pipeline talks].' December 3rd 1997.
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| :''BBC News'': '[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/west_asia/37021.stm Taleban in Texas for talks on gas pipeline].' December 4th 1997.
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| :Ted Galen Carpenter, ''Cato Institute'': '[http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3556 How Washington Funded the Taliban].' August 2nd 2002. [Libertarian think-tank report.]
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| Also, I have copied the large section deleted during this edit to the [[Talk:Iraq War]] page to archive any possibly useful material there. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 22:05, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ::Relations were bad between US and the Afghanistan government. Afg. wanted a pipeline but US did NOT approve it . That = strained. US gaved the UN $$$$ and the UN did provide lots of food for starving people, inside Afg. and in refugee camps outsde AFg. [http://usinfo.state.gov/is/Archive_Index/Humanitarian_Aid_to_the_Afghan_People-4072c45bad525.html] as part of a UN humanitarian effort, and paid farmers not to grow opium, ut that was not support for the government.
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| :::OK, I think that the Taliban signed a deal with Unocol in 1998, but the agreement was withdrawn the same year. Also, the US gave the Taliban $43 million in 2001, which doesn't sound like the sort of thing you agree with a country with whom you have strained relations. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 22:44, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| ==Immediate response==
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| Richard, please can you expand on the reasons why [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&diff=100139667&oldid=100139615 you have reverted the 'immediate response' section], including the removal of references - it has now returned to the heavily biased narrative in which we are told that there was no looting, panic, and that everyone thought Rudy Guiliani was "brilliant". This does not sound like a neutral article. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 22:39, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :::I think your comments here are mixing the edits on [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&diff=100139667&oldid=100139228 both 'immediate response' and the 'Iraq' section that you deleted]. Here's some comments (ignoring your final, rather personal remark):
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| :::*Discussion - I was "being bold" by supplying some references and sobering (some) of the language. What requires extensive (prior) discussion is the deletion of major sections; this is not the done thing without prior discussion and detailed justification - see [[CZ:Professionalism]].
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| :::*Immediate Response, Guiliani as 'brilliant' - OK, then it should be presented as the opinion of the critics, rather than being used by the article itself as a description, without qualification.
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| :::*Immediate Response, looting - There were examples and claims of looting, as reported at the time - the article now says there was "no looting", "no panic", neither of which are true. I can remember the sounds and images of blood-curdling screams of people as they watched the planes hit, people running, etc...
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| :::*Iraq, "concoct" - here I agree with you, but I couldn't come up with another word that adequately conveyed the idea that the US/UK had some agenda regarding Iraq.
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| :::*Iraq, war support - your summary of what I wrote is not accurate. I edited as follows: "However, the United Kingdom was the only country whose government supplied unwavering political and military support to the USA in its plans to remove the regime of Saddam Hussein; many other countries publically supported action, but stopped short of backing an invasion." I did not say that only the UK supported the invasion. However, it is true that the UK was the only other country going in from the start, and that the world community predominantly declined to support the war. You also know that the troops send by other countries are very small - for instance, even today only the UK, Australia and South Korea have more than about 1000 troops each in the country. The Latvians, along with various others, have withdrawn.
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| :::We also now have a return to satire: "[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&oldid=100139667#World_response The world had been accustomed to long-winded speeches about the need for actions which everyone knew would never happen. Now there was action, and the world stood in awe of America's vast military power unleashed with cold fury.]" And: "[http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&oldid=100139667#Overthrow_of_Taliban_government_in_Afghanistan (Bush) blamed al-Qaeda, whose goal was to impose its radical beliefs on the entire world... Bush issued an ultimatum: the Taliban must immediately turn over the al-Qaeda leadership to American justice, or share their fate... he promised to systematically destroy the terrorists—to hunt them down cave-by-cave and destroy them everywhere in the world. No government would be allowed to harbor them... Bush called on Congress to declare war on terrorism, and it responded enthusiastically. The nation had united.]" [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 23:18, 25 July 2007 (CDT)
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| Richard, it is ''completely'' needless to describe Guliani's acts as "brilliant", and we both know full-well that all that will do is prod others to introduce contradictory authorities who disagree (and I have heard plenty), introducing a needless diversion into the article. "Brilliant" is mere opinion, since there is no objective criteria for what is and is not "brilliant". Just describe factually what the man did and let the reader make up his or her own mind. In fact, just describe factually what ''happened'' on 9-11. This, of all articles, should assiduously avoid posturing, needless adjectives, statements of opinion no matter who they are from, hyperbolic language, etc. Don't you think what I am saying is reasonable? —[[User:Stephen Ewen|Stephen Ewen]] [[User talk:Stephen Ewen|(Talk)]] 00:09, 26 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :Richard, see [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&diff=100139714&oldid=100139667 this edit] I did. I agree that your history writing is engaging with phrases like "Bush...found his voice"; "one of the most well received speeches in a century"; "blamed"; "radical"; "The nation had united". But with ''this'' article? I tried to make it just state facts. —[[User:Stephen Ewen|Stephen Ewen]] [[User talk:Stephen Ewen|(Talk)]] 00:38, 26 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :::the article deals with an extreme psychological criris and has to try to capture the mood of the people at the time. It was not an ordinary event. Statements like like "Bush...found his voice"; "one of the most well received speeches in a century"; "blamed"; "radical"; "The nation had united" are factually accurate and try to capture that mood. [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 02:06, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::::See [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki?title=9-11_Attack&diff=100139667&oldid=100139615 this edit] - Richard has put back the bias into the 'immediate response' section, including the bit about Guiliani being "brilliant" and the assertion, which can't possibly be true, that "there was no panic, looting, or despair". [P.S. I did think you'd just re-inserted this now, Richard - sorry - but it remains in the narrative, which I think is problematic.] [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 03:31, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::I think the consensus is that Guiliani's response was brilliant--he has made it a centerpiece of his presidential campaign and his critics have not challenged him on this. As opposed to above average or inept or whatever. The no panic/looting was reported over and over again by reporters looking for panic or looting. [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 03:36, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :::True or not, it's biased - it is true that Guiliani was widely praised for his handling of the crisis, but talking about brilliance is journalistic, not encyclopedic. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 03:38, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::::It is not "biased"--it is straight factual reporting on the consensus of experts, which is what an encyclopedia reports. Look for example at the recent ABC News retrospective: "The mayor was a powerful presence. Images of him covered in soot at ground zero were broadcast to the world, reinforcing the sense that he was in charge. Time magazine made him "Man of the Year," and he was quickly dubbed "America's Mayor." Even his harshest critics agree this was his finest moment.[http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=3589767&page=1][[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 03:43, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::::You are quoting journalists quoting opinion. My interepretation of the neutrality policy of CZ is that it attempts to avoid disguising subjective opinion as 'fact'. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 03:51, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :::::Well on a scale of 1-10 how do you rank Giuliani's performance? Here's what TIME said:
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| :::::'' When the day of infamy came, Giuliani seized it as if he had been waiting for it all his life, taking on half a dozen critical roles and performing each masterfully. Improvising on the fly, he became America's homeland-security boss, giving calm, informative briefings about the attacks and the extraordinary response. He was the gutsy decision maker, balancing security against symbolism, overruling those who wanted to keep the city buttoned up tight, pushing key institutions--from the New York Stock Exchange to Major League Baseball--to reopen and prove that New Yorkers were getting on with life. He was the crisis manager, bringing together scores of major players from city, state and federal governments for marathon daily meetings that got everyone working together. And he was the consoler in chief, strong enough to let his voice brim with pain, compassion and love. When he said "the number of casualties will be more than any of us can bear," he showed a side of himself most people had never seen. Giuliani's performance ensures that he will be remembered as the greatest mayor in the city's history.''at [http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/poy2001/poyprofile.html] The CZ neutrality policy says that opposing viewpoint be fairly represented. Let's find some experts who say his performance was average or mediocre or poor and we will include them. Note the key point: "unbiased" coverage can be very favorable to a person, (as in this case). [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 04:03, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| I haven't read the above comments, I'm just going to state three ''really, really'' obvious things: (1) ''not everyone'' will agree with the epithet "brilliant" as applied to a current presidential candidate (duh); (2) if not everyone agrees with an epithet, our [[CZ:Neutrality Policy|Neutrality Policy]] requires, yes ''requires,'' that it either be removed or qualified (e.g., attributed); and (3) there is absolutely ''no'' reason whatsoever that a suitable compromise can be reached. As editor-in-chief, I am hereby ordering you to find a mutually acceptable compromise. The way the article reads now on the issue in question is unacceptable--moreover, it's ''obvious'' that it's unacceptable. This is not the sort of thing that Citizens should have to debate at such great length. For example, instead of saying Guiliani "became a hero to the city and the nation for the brilliant way he directed rescue, relief and healing operations," you might simply say that he "was widely regarded as a hero to the city, and was lauded for..." --[[User:Larry Sanger|Larry Sanger]] 06:17, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| == needs a different title ==
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| I think this is a odd title of the article. What are some other options? [[User:Tom Kelly|Tom Kelly]] 01:28, 26 July 2007 (CDT)
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| :How about [[September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States]]?--[[User:John M. Adriatico|John M. Adriatico]] 01:41, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::a short snappy title that is immediately understood will do the job. The rhetoric in recent years speaks to the "9-11 attacks" and the article reflects that. [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 01:58, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| == Who did it? ==
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| The 19 hijackers were all identified. Their status as Arabs was essential to the story. (the text closely follows the report of the 9-11 commission). [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 03:27, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :Their status as extremists and where they came from are essential, but calling them 'Arabs' is unacceptable: it implies they did it *because* they were Arabs. The edit you have just made is actually worse than the original, which only mentioned their ethnicity in passing. You have put it at the forefront. Another point: al-Qaeda is not a single group, directed by one man. It is a whole series of groups with different aims. It would be better to say they were "affiliated" with al-Qaeda rather than talking about membership, as though it's one organisation. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 03:36, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| There is nothing wrong in itself with calling people "Arabs"--that is an objective appellation. The idea that the current wording "implies they did it because they were Arabs" looks incorrect to me. For the sake of ''clarity,'' however--not everyone might actually have a clear idea of what "Arab" means--it might be better to use "Middle Eastern" or "mostly Saudi." The men were mostly from Saudi Arabia, but there were one each from Egypt, Lebanon, and UAE. --[[User:Larry Sanger|Larry Sanger]] 06:17, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| : How about something to the effect of "The 19 hijakers, all of Middle Eastern decent and members of the terrorist network Al-Qaeda.." [[User:Todd Coles|Todd Coles]] 11:15, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::I agree we should say "hijackers" - this avoids placing the ethnicity of those involved at the forefront. They can be identified as coming from the Middle East, mostly Saudi Arabia, at a later point. I disagree that the use of "Arabs" is objective; and even if it were, some readers will take it as pejorative. [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 19:31, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :::I'm not so sure it might be pejorative as stereotyping; you could say that "asians" bombed Pearl Harbor, but it would be accurate to say "The japanese" bombed pearl harbor. --[[User:Robert W King|Robert W King]] 20:16, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::::first the text follows closely the official report which says upfront the Arabs did it: "'''This immeasurable pain was inflicted by 19 young Arabs acting at the behest of Islamist extremists headquartered in distant Afghanistan.... Bin Ladin offers an extreme view of Islamic history designed to appeal mainly to Arabs and Sunnis.'''" at [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Exec.htm] and [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch2.htm] Second, Was this a random collection of Middle Eastern people who just happened to be Arabs? No serious person thinks so. And indeed, "Middle Eastern" is just as much a stereotype, but it conveys much less information. "Arab" was central to their origins, training, group identity, mission and goals, and was central to the world's understanding of the event. Will it hurt anyone's feelings to see it in CZ? Not likely. Will it hurt if that information is taken out? Yes, it will directly degrade CZs credibility.[[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 22:55, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| == The importance of compromise ==
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| Richard, John, Steve, I think we have forgotten something important here. It is that wikis do not work unless people on opposite sides of political (and other divisive) issues are committed to solving issues in a mutually agreeable fashion, i.e., diplomacy and compromise. Richard, you might say that facts are facts, and we do no one any favors by watering them down. This might look right at first glance, but as it turns out, this is altogether the wrong attitude. The variety of possible manner of expression of even the most basic facts is virtually infinite. Of all these ways to express things, many are likely to be ''acceptable'' to all parties--so long as they are actually committed to neutrality. But if they insist on having their own bias represented to the exclusion of all others, no compromise will ever be acceptable. Perhaps it wasn't obvious, but compromise is practically entailed by neutrality.
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| Not only should we ''accept'' a good compromise, we should ''actively work toward'' a compromise. Consider intransigence contrary to policy.
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| I'm going to make this into a new CZ policy. --[[User:Larry Sanger|Larry Sanger]] 06:30, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::what are the issues? Is 9-11 a good title (it is widely used by scholars, editors and publishers); should CZ writing be bold "Bush found his voice" or "encyclopedic" ("Bush made a speech"); is a favorable treatment of someone (Giuliani) "bias" or is bias defined by the CZ guidelines as giving due attention to all serious perspectives? Should CZ be vague ("all of Middle Eastern descent") or exact ("Arabs"). [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 14:44, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :I have no problems with the title myself. The favorable treatment given to Giuliani is the problem--that is, quitely clearly and obviously, biased. Many would ''deny'' offering the epithet "brilliant" to Giuliani. Please see [[CZ:Compromise]]. --[[User:Larry Sanger|Larry Sanger]] 15:55, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| Para. 3: "The American response was near-unanimous support for President George W. Bush's angry response that this was an act of war".
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| Not only is this poor English, but it contradicts the facts. There was no initial response from Bush: it was quite delayed. I suggest avoiding the word "response", which implies rapid cause and effect, and completely rephrasing this.
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| The section on World Response is really quite incoherent and filled with controversial claims. It is obvious to any reader that it supports a particular position,. which means that it breaches the Neutrality Policy.--[[User:Martin Baldwin-Edwards|Martin Baldwin-Edwards]] 15:01, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::the "near unanimous support" is endorsed by all the experts on the subject and the people at the time, including all of Bush's main political opponents. Bush Hillary Clinton to Bush: "we stand with you united in Congress and united as a nation."[Gerth and van Natta ''Her Way'' (2007) p 231] I'd like to see some evidence to the contrary, please. The timing is made explicit: ''President George W. Bush, after a few hours of embarrassing confusion on September 11, found his voice. In one of the most well received speeches in a century, Bush told Congress on September 20, 2001, that this was war.'' As for the world response, the criticism will have to be more specific. [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 15:12, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| Again, please discuss and edit this in the spirit of diplomacy, not animosity. Richard did not write that Bush responded immediately. He wrote that there was support for Bush's angry response that the attacks were an act of war. This, anyway, is not particularly controversial. What the U.S. government did ''after that'' was controversial, of course. --[[User:Larry Sanger|Larry Sanger]] 15:55, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::I hope that Richard does not take offence at any of the above. I still insist that the lede needs to be much better written, although it is not actually controversial. Insofar as the section on world response is concerned, there is so much to disagree about. First, nobody really disputes that the real threat was from Afganistan, but that was not what Bush said. He chose to target Iraq [in the so-called Axis of Evil] as the principal culprit, hence the justification of its invasion. {Why is there a sentence about the now-defunct EU constitution here? No EU member state was attacked, so it is not even theoretically relevant.} The rest of this paragraph fails to convey the very real dispute which split Europe initially into the UK versus France and Germany, although later became more complex. It also fails to convey the 50-50 split in public support for Blair's actions in supporting the USA military adventures. The whole debacle with the UN and the weapons of mass destruction issue is completely sidestepped here, and I think most political analysts that I know would, like me, have some difficulty in recognising what happened from this account. Within a few months, world support for the USA in Iraq had dwindled to the Anglophone countries, with some new East European countries playing the field in order to improve their negotiating power in the EU.
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| :::the article barely mentions the UK, but its vote was decisive, not close: MP's voted 396 to 217 to defeat an amendment that case for war "has not yet been established." Blair won a 412 to 149 vote to approve the government's resolution supporting the use of "all means necessary" to ensure Iraq's disarmament. Votes of 412 to 149 are considered decisive in parliamentary democracies. [http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/18/sprj.irq.blair.vote/index.html CNN news report] [[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 16:53, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::::A political commentator is obliged to point out that when a ruling party has a massive majority in the parliament, the resulting vote on any major issue shows the government's determnation to force through that vote and is not necessarily an indicator of popular support. This is precisely what happened, and it is highly misleading to pretend otherwise. Of course, it reveals the farce of parliamentary democracy, but that was not my point. --[[User:Martin Baldwin-Edwards|Martin Baldwin-Edwards]] 17:06, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::well if you support democracy you take the results. Blair is gone but Brits are still in Iraq 6 years later and the NATO countries are still in Afghanistan.[[User:Richard Jensen|Richard Jensen]] 18:01, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :::::Not at all. That would be what a politician does, not an independent academic commentator. It is much easier to go into a war than to get out, and the UK is struggling to get out... Afghanistan has more support, it is true. --[[User:Martin Baldwin-Edwards|Martin Baldwin-Edwards]] 18:06, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| ::We also need a section on how the event reshaped conceptions of managing terrorism, particularly vis-a-vis human rights issues and habeas corpus. I realise that we have an article on terrorism, but something needs to be included here, as it was the proximal cause. --[[User:Martin Baldwin-Edwards|Martin Baldwin-Edwards]] 16:24, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| :::In that regard, I would look up Bruce Schneier and some of his entries at Wired he has written extensively on this subject (managing security details in the post 9/11 world); his commentary column "Security Matters" can be found [http://www.wired.com/commentary/securitymatters here]. --[[User:Robert W King|Robert W King]] 16:39, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| =='Overthrow of Taliban in Afghanistan' section==
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| I have added a link to the actual transcript of the GWB speech on 20th September 2001, and modified it to clarify that the stated goal of al Qaeda as wishing to impose its radical beliefs on everyone was what Bush said. As far as I know, al Qaeda themselves have stated that the want non-Muslims out of current and former "Muslim lands". [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 19:43, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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| Also, the last sentence, in my view, is unnecessary. ("The nation had united.") [[User:John Stephenson|John Stephenson]] 19:43, 8 November 2007 (CST)
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