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The '''settlement movement''' began in the 19C out of the growing need for social justice. '''Settlement houses''' were founded that offered social services to all, particularly the urban poor. Examples are [[Toynbee Hall]] in London and [[Hull House]] in Chicago (founded by [[Jane Addams]] and [[Ellen Gates Starr]]).
The '''settlement movement''' began in the nineteenth century out of the growing demand for social justice. Residential settlements were set up to enable people from more privileged backgrounds to live in deprived areas.


==Settlement houses==
== History ==


The first settlement house, [[Toynbee Hall]] in the East End of London, was founded by Samuel and Henrietta Barnett, and named after their friend and fellow reformer, Oxford historian Arnold Toynbee.
The first settlement was [[Toynbee Hall]] in the East End of London, set up by (Canon) Samuel and Henrietta Barnett, and named after their friend and fellow reformer, Oxford historian Arnold Toynbee. The Barnetts wrote in 1884, that if people from universities lived for a period amongst the city poor they could "do a little to remove the inequalities of life", sharing "their best with the poor and learn through feeling how they live"


===History===
=== Britain ===


The philosophy behind [[Toynbee Hall]] was that all within society should share in a wider community. The Barnetts wrote in 1884, that if people from universities lived for a period amongst the city poor they could "do a little to remove the inequalities of life", sharing "their best with the poor and learn through feeling how they live’" The Barnetts believed in a forging friendships based on trust, and in employing "a higher spirit".
More settlements were set up, mostly London-based.  The Federation of Residential Settlements was formed in 1920. It was renamed the British Association of Settlements in 1967, and became the British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres in 1978.  It merged with the Development Trusts Association in 2011 to form ''Locality''[http://www.locality.org.uk]


''"A settlement is simply a means by which men or women may share themselves with their neighbours; a club-house in an industrial district, where the condition of membership is the performance of a citizen’s duty; a house among the poor, where residents may make friends with the poor."'' (Barnett 1898)
=== United States ===
[[Hull House]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], founded by [[Jane Addams]] and [[Ellen Gates Starr]], was inspired by Toynbee Hall.


The idea of settlement houses spread to [[America]] and pre-[[Communist]] [[Russia]].<ref>
=== Russia ===
{{Cite web
|title=settlements and social action centres
|url=http://www.infed.org/association/b-settl.htm
}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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The settlement movement began in the nineteenth century out of the growing demand for social justice. Residential settlements were set up to enable people from more privileged backgrounds to live in deprived areas.

History

The first settlement was Toynbee Hall in the East End of London, set up by (Canon) Samuel and Henrietta Barnett, and named after their friend and fellow reformer, Oxford historian Arnold Toynbee. The Barnetts wrote in 1884, that if people from universities lived for a period amongst the city poor they could "do a little to remove the inequalities of life", sharing "their best with the poor and learn through feeling how they live"

Britain

More settlements were set up, mostly London-based. The Federation of Residential Settlements was formed in 1920. It was renamed the British Association of Settlements in 1967, and became the British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres in 1978. It merged with the Development Trusts Association in 2011 to form Locality[1]

United States

Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr, was inspired by Toynbee Hall.

Russia

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