Recession of 2009/Addendum: Difference between revisions

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==Selected economic statistics==


== Recent economic developments==
===Growth rates===


:GDP at constant market prices<br>
::% change on previous period


::{|class="wikitable"
!
!colspan = "4"|
!colspan = "4"|2007
!colspan = "4"|2008
!colspan = "4"|2009
!colspan = "4"|2010
!colspan = "4"|2011
|-
!
! 2006
! 2007
! 2008
! 2009
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4 
|-
|United States
| 2.8
| 2.0
| 0.4
| -2.4
| 0.0
| 1.2
| 1.6
| 0.0
| 0.2
| 0.7
| -0.1
| -1.4
| -1.2
| -0.2
| 0.4
| 1.2
| 0.9
| 0.9
| 0.6
| 0.6
| 0.1
| 0.3
| 0.5
| 0.7
|-
|Japan
| 2.0
| 2.4
| -0.6
| -5.3
| 1.0
| -0.3
| 0.4
| 1.0
| 0.3
| -1.2
| -0.4
| -3.2
| -4.2
|  1.7
|  0.1
| 1.1
| 1.2
| 1.3
| 0.6
| -0.6
| -1.8
| -0.3
| 1.7
| -0.2
|-
|Canada
| 3.1
| 2.7
| 0.5
| -2.6
| 1.0
| 1.0
| 0.6
| 0.2
| -0.2
| 0.1
| 0.2
| 0.8
| -1.4
| -0.6
| 0.1
| 1.2
| 1.5
| 0.6
| 0.6
| 0.8
| 0.9
| -0.2
| 1.0
| 0.4
|-
|United Kingdom
| 2.8
| 3.0
| 0.7
| -4.8
| 0.8
| 0.8
| 0.6
| 0.9
| 0.3
| 0.0
| -0.7
| -1.6
| -2.3
| -0.7
| -0.3
|  0.4
|  0.4
|  1.1
|  0.7
| -0.5
|  0.2
| -0.1 
|  0.6
| -0.3
|-
|Germany
| 3.0
| 2.5
| 1.3
| -5.0
| 0.4
| 0.4
| 0.6
| 0.3
| 1.5
| -0.5
| -0.5
| -2.1
| -3.4
|  0.5
|  0.7
|  0.3
|  0.6
|  1.9
|  0.8
|  0.5
| 1.3
| 0.3
| 0.6
| -0.2
|-
|France
| 2.2
| 2.2
| 0.8
| -2.3
| 0.6
| 0.5
| 0.7
| 0.4
| 0.4
| -0.3
| 0.1
| -1.1
| -1.5
|  0.1
|  0.3
|  0.6
|  0.2
|  0.7
|  0.4
|  0.4
| 0.9
| 0.0
| 0.3
| 0.2
|-
|Italy
| 2.0
| 1.6
| -1.0
| -5.0
| 0.2
| 0.1
| 0.2
| -0.3
| 0.3
| -0.6
| -0.7
| -2.1
| -2.9
| -0.3
| 0.4
| -0.1
|  0.4
|  0.5
|  0.2
|  0.2
|  0.1
|  0.3
| -0.2
| -0.7
|}
::(Source: OECD, Main Economic Indicators)


===2009, 1st quarter===
===Consumer prices===
: percentage increase on the same period of the previous year


====World====
:::::::{|class = "wikitable"
:G7 Finance Ministers endorse fiscal stimulus policy [http://www.londonsummit.gov.uk/en/media-centre/latest-news/?view=News&id=13585064]
: World trade estimated to have fallen by 9% in 2008 and World Bank reports 47 trade restrictions by 17 G20 countries [http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13355727]


====The United States====
! colspan = "3"|
:'''Rising unemployment''' - 7.6% in January, 8.1% February.
! colspan = "4"| 2009
|-
!
! 2008
! 2009
! &nbsp;Mar&nbsp;
! &nbsp;Jun&nbsp;
! &nbsp;Sep&nbsp;
! &nbsp;Dec&nbsp;
|-
! United States
| align = "center"| 3.8
| align = "center"|-0.4
| align = "center"|-0.4
| align = "center"|-1.4
| align = "center"|-1.3
| align = "center"|2.7
|-
! United Kingdom
| align = "center"| 3.6
| align = "center"| 2.2
| align = "center"| 2.9
| align = "center"| 1.8
| align = "center"| 1.1
| align = "center"| 2.8
|-
! France
| align = "center"| 2.8
| align = "center"| 0.1
| align = "center"| 0.3
| align = "center"| -0.5
| align = "center"| -0.4
| align = "center"| 0.9
|-
! Germany
| align = "center"| 2.6
| align = "center"| 0.4
| align = "center"| 0.5
| align = "center"| 0.1
| align = "center"| -0.3
| align = "center"| 0.9
|-
! Italy
| align = "center"| 3.3
| align = "center"| 0.8
| align = "center"| 1.2
| align = "center"| 0.5
| align = "center"| 0.2
| align = "center"| 1.3
|-
! Japan
| align = "center"| 1.4
| align = "center"| -1.4
| align = "center"| -0.3
| align = "center"| -1.8
| align = "center"| -2.2
| align = "center"| -1.3
|-
! G7 countries
| align = "center"| 3.2
| align = "center"| -0.1
| align = "center"| -0.1
| align = "center"| -0.9
| align = "center"| -1.0
| align = "center"|  1.8
|}


:'''Record  budget deficit''' -  $1.2 trillion 2009 deficit forecast by the Congressional Budget Office [http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/99xx/doc9957/01-07-Outlook.pdf]. (Government spending expected to rise to 23% of GDP [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article5536320.ece])
: (Source OECD[http://www.oecd.org/document/57/0,3343,en_2649_33715_44523833_1_1_1_1,00.html] )
:'''Major fiscal stimulus''' - proposed by President-elect Obama in his speech of 8 January [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/58ee3966-dd9d-11dd-930e-000077b07658.html][http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7874407.stm]
<small>
::Congress approves stimulus package - American Recovery and Reinvestment Act(H.R. 1) - a $839 billion stimulus package [http://www.recovery.gov/]
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
:'''Financial Stability Plan''' - Government launches a plan intended to restore confidence in the financial system (including mandatory stress tests for major banks)  and to provide financial assistance households and businesses[http://www.financialstability.gov/docs/fact-sheet.pdf]
</small>
:'''Fears of Trade War''' –  America First Steel Act, Homeland Security Comm. approves bill requiring federal agencies to use U.S. steel for public works projects, (HR 5935) [http://www.bna.com/current/itr/topl.htm] [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/industrials/article5587443.ece]
===Unemployment rates===
:'''Money supply increase''' Federal Reserve to increase the size of its balance sheet further by purchasing up to an additional $750 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, bringing its total purchases of these securities to up to $1.25 trillion this year, and to increase its purchases of agency debt this year by up to $100 billion to a total of up to $200 billion. [http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20090318a.htm]
: OECD harmonised rates
:'''Washington's digression''' Outrage over AIG bonuses threatens to derail Obama's rescue plans [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article5934395.ece]
:: % seasonally adjusted)
: '''Housing market bottoms out?'''. House sales rise by about 5% in February.


====Europe excluding UK====
:::::::{|class = "wikitable"
:'''Industrial production falls''' - Eurozone index drops by 3.5% in January.
!
:'''ECB Discount  rate cut''' from 2.4% to  2% [http://www.ecb.int/stats/monetary/rates/html/index.en.html#data]
!colspan = "3"|
:'''French industrial production plunges''' at an annual rate of 13% in January.
!colspan = "4"|2009
:'''German output projected to fall by 2.5 percent in 2009'''[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2009/CAR012209A.htm].
|-
:'''Eastern Europe's economic crisis''' [http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-02-23-voa48.cfm]
!align="center"|
:'''IMF's Hungary programme'''[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2009/pr0936.htm]
!align="center"| 2007
!align="center"| 2008
!align="center"| 2009
!align="center"| &nbsp; Q1&nbsp;
!align="center"| &nbsp; Q2&nbsp;
!align="center"| &nbsp; Q3&nbsp;
!align="center"| &nbsp; Q4&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"| United States
|align="center"| 4.6
|align="center"| 5.8
|align="center"| 9.3
|align="center"| 8.2
|align="center"| 9.3
|align="center"| 9.7
|align="center"| 10.0
|-
|align="center"| United Kingdom
|align="center"| 5.3
|align="center"| 5.5
|align="center"| 7.6
|align="center"| 7.1
|align="center"| 7.7
|align="center"| 7.8
|align="center"| 7.7
|-
|align="center"|Japan
|align="center"| 3.9
|align="center"| 4.0
|align="center"| 5.1
|align="center"| 4.5
|align="center"| 5.1
|align="center"| 5.1
|align="center"| 5.2
|-
|align="center"|Germany
|align="center"| 8.4
|align="center"| 7.3
|align="center"| 7.5
|align="center"| 7.3
|align="center"| 7.6
|align="center"| 7.6
|align="center"| 7.5
|-
|align="center"|France
|align="center"| 8.3
|align="center"| 7.9
|align="center"| 9.4
|align="center"| 8.9
|align="center"| 9.3
|align="center"| 9.5
|align="center"| 10.0
|}


====United Kingdom====
:: (Source: OECD)[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/20/21/44746304.pdf]
:'''Quantitative easing authorised'''[http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/ck_letter_boe290109.pdf]
<small>
::'''Asset protection scheme'''[http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/press_07_09.htm]
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
:'''Discount  rate cut''' - from 2% to 1.0% [http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2009/001.htm].
</small>
:'''IMF endorses UK policy''' IMF  Deputy Managing Director says "There is no unique weakness in the UK economy, and we believe the measures taken ...will strengthen the economy over the medium term "[http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article5627450.ece].


====Asia====
===Commodity prices===
: '''China's falling growth rate''' [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22092584~menuPK:51340323~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html]
: '''Japan's exports halved''' - exports  in January 2009 were  56% less than in January 2008 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7931806.stm].


===2009, 2nd quarter===
IMF Index of Primary Commodity Prices,
(2005=100, in terms of US dollars)


====World====
:::::::{|class = "wikitable"
:'''World economy  to shrink''' - according to World Bank report [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22092584~menuPK:51340323~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.htmlhttp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22092584~menuPK:51340323~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html]<br>
| colspan = "4" align = "center"|2007
:''' Developing countries lose exports''' [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/swimmingagainstthetide-march2009.pdf].
| colspan = "4" align = "center"|2008
:'''IMF lending resources to increase'''  - US proposes tripling them [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/be91f43c-0e63-11de-b099-0000779fd2ac.html]
| colspan = "4" align = "center"|2009
: G20 Finance Ministers pledge further action [http://www.g20.org/Documents/2009_communique_horsham_uk.pdf]
|-
| Q1
| Q2
| Q3
| Q4
| Q1
| Q2
| Q3
| Q4
| Q1
| Q2
| Q3
| Q4
|-
| 118
| 130
| 137
| 154
| 172
| 203
| 197
| 117
| 99
| 114
| 126
| 136
|}


====United States====
:::(Source: IMF [http://www.imf.org/external/np/res/commod/table1a.pdf])
Treasury announces Public Private Partnership Investment Program [http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/tg65.htm] to purchase $1 trillion worth of toxic assets from banks.


====Europe except UK====
===The oil price===
European Central Bank Chief says stimulus not needed  [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123776145137608223.html]
The price of crude oil on the New York Stock Exchange ($/barrel[http://www.nyse.tv/crude-oil-price-history.htm])
:::::::{|class = "wikitable"
!colspan = "2"|2007
!colspan = "2"|2008
!colspan = "2"| 2009
!colspan = "2"| 2010
|-
| January
| &nbsp;&nbsp;June&nbsp;&nbsp;
| January
| &nbsp;&nbsp;June&nbsp;&nbsp;
| January
| &nbsp;&nbsp;June&nbsp;&nbsp;
| January
| &nbsp;&nbsp;June&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|align="center"| 56
|align="center"| 65
|align="center"| 98
|align="center"| 139
|align="center"| 46
|align="center"| 68
|align="center"| 83
|align="center"| 72
|}


====United Kingdom====
===World trade===
: '''Quantitative easing starts'''- Bank of England cuts its discount rate to 0.5% and announces £75 billion asset purchase under its Asset Purchase Scheme [http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/markets/apf/] . The beginning of  its programme of ''quantitative easing'' [http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/stephanieflanders/].
: OECD  trade in goods and services
:: % value change on previous quarter (priced in US$).


====Asia====
:::::::{|class="wikitable"
:'''China faces a difficult year'''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7925193.stm]
!
!colspan = "4"|2008
!colspan = "4"|2009
!colspan = "4"|2010
|-
!
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
!Q1
!Q2
!Q3
!Q4
|-
!Exports
| 5.6
| 5.6
| -3.0
| -18.4
| -12.7
| 1.8
| 7.5
| 7.6
| 0.6
|
|
|
|-
!Imports
|6.2
|5.2
| -2.0
| -18.5
| -14.3
| -0.5
| 8.1
| 6.2
| 2.5
|
|
|
|}


==Forecasts ==
::(Source: OECD economic indicators[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/47/44479849.pdf])
<small>
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
</small>


:::'''Annual percentage growth in Gross Domestic Product'''
==Policy Actions==


:::(forecasts are shown in ''italics'')
===Central bank measures===


:::{|class="wikitable"
:::{|class = "wikitable"
!Date
!
!Source
! Federal Reserve Bank
!Country
! European Central Bank
! 2007
! &nbsp;&nbsp;Bank of Japan&nbsp;&nbsp;
! 2008
! &nbsp;&nbsp;Bank of England&nbsp;&nbsp;
! 2009
! 2010
! 2011
|-
|-
|22 December 2008
! Lowering policy rates
|World Bank [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP2009/Resources/10363_WebPDF-w47.pdf]
to very low levels
|United States
|Align = "center"|X
|2.0
|Align = "center"|De facto
|''1.4''
|Align = "center"|X
|''-0.5''
|Align = "center"|X
|''2.0''
|-
|-
|
! Increasing liquidity provision
|
to financial institutions
|Japan
|Align = "center"|X
|2.1
|Align = "center"|X
|''0.5''
|Align = "center"|X
|''-0.1''
|Align = "center"|X
|''1.5''
|-
|-
|
! Intervening directly in wider
|
segments of the financial market
|Euro area
|Align = "center"|X
|2.6
|Align = "center"|X
|''1.1''
|Align = "center"|X
|''-0.6''
|Align = "center"|X
|''1.6''
|-
|-
|
! Purchasing long-term
|
government bonds
|China
|Align = "center"|X
|12
|Align = "center"|
|''9.4''
|Align = "center"|X
|''7.5''
|Align = "center"|X
|''8.5''
|-
|-
|
!Supporting specific
|
institutions
|Developing <ref> Developing countries except China and India.</ref>
|Align = "center"|X
|6.1
|Align = "center"|
|''5.0''
|Align = "center"|X
|''2.9''
|Align = "center"|X
|''4.7''
|}
 
:Source: OECD Economics Working Papper No 753 February 2010[http://www.oecdilibrary.org/docserver/download/fulltext/5kml6xm7qgs6.pdf?expires=1271935601&id=0000&accname=freeContent&checksum=4409F41DDF3E1725FB09A73F274F2806]
<small>
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
</small>
===[[Fiscal stimulus]] packages===
:  % of GDP
 
:::::::::{|class = "wikitable"
!
!align="center"| 2008
!align="center"| 2009
!align="center"| 2010
!align="center"| Total
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|United States
|
|align="center"|1.1
| World
|align="center"|2.0
|3.7
|align="center"|1.8
|''2.5''
|align="center"|4.8
|''0.9''
|''3.0''
|-
|-
| 28 January 2009
|align="center"|United Kingdom
| International Monetary Fund [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/update/01/index.htm]
|align="center"|0.2
| United States
|align="center"|1.4
|2.0
|align="center"|-0.1
|1.1
|align="center"|1.5
|''-1.6''
|''1.6''
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|Germany
|
|align="center"|0.0
| United Kingdom
|align="center"|1.5
|3.0
|align="center"|2.0
|0.7
|align="center"|3.4
|''-2.8''
|''0.2''
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|France
|
|align="center"|0.0
| France
|align="center"|0.7
| 2.2
|align="center"|0.7
| 0.8
|align="center"|1.3
| ''-1.9''
| ''0.7''
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|Japan
|
|align="center"|0.4
| Japan
|align="center"|1.4
| 2.4
|align="center"|0.4
| -0.3
|align="center"|2.2
| ''-2.6''
| ''0.6''
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|Canada
|
|align="center"|0.0
| China
|align="center"|1.5
| 13
|align="center"|1.3
| 9
|align="center"|2.7
| ''6.7''
| ''8''
|-
|-
|
|align="center"|China
|
|align="center"|0.4
| World
|align="center"|2.0
| 5.2
|align="center"|2.0
| ''3.4''
|align="center"|4.4
| ''0.5''
|}
| ''3.0''
 
::(Source: IMF estimates February 2009 [http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2009/020109.pdf])
<small>
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
</small>
==Debt==
 
===Public debt estimates===
:([[National debt]]
:: % of GDP )
 
:::{|class = "wikitable"
!
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Italy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp; France&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp; Germany &nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"| United States
!align="center"| United Kingdom
!align="center"| Average <ref> average of advanced G20 countries</ref>
|-
|-
| 7 March 2009
|2007
| ''Economist''  Poll [http://www.economist.com/markets/indicators/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13240271]
|align="center"|188
| United States
|align="center"|104
|
|align="center"|64
|
|align="center"|63
| -''2.2''
|align="center"|62
| ''1.9''
|align="center"|44
|align="center"|78
|-
|-
|
|2009
|
|align="center"|217
| United Kingdom
|align="center"|117
|
|align="center"|77
|
|align="center"|80
| ''-2.6''
|align="center"|89
| ''0.5''
|align="center"|69
|align="center"|101
|-
|-
|
|2010
|
|align="center"|219
| France
|align="center"|116
|
|align="center"|78
|
|align="center"|79
| ''-1.7''
|align="center"|85
| ''0.7''
|align="center"|69
|align="center"|99
|-
|-
|
|2014
|
|align="center"|246
| Germany
|align="center"|129
|
|align="center"|96
|
|align="center"|89
| ''-2.5''
|align="center"|108
| ''0.8''
|align="center"|98
|align="center"|118
|}
 
:::::<references/>
 
::(Source: IMF Staff Position Note November 2009 [https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/spn/2009/spn0925.pdf])
<small>
[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
</small>
===Total debt===
 
: % of GDP 2008
 
:::{|class = "wikitable"
!
!align="center"| United Kingdom
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp; France&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Italy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
!align="center"| United States
!align="center"|&nbsp;&nbsp; Germany &nbsp;&nbsp;
|-
|-
|
!Government
|
|align="center"|52
| Japan
|align="center"|188
|
|align="center"|73
|
|align="center"|101
| ''-3.2''
|align="center"|60
| ''0.8''
|align="center"|69
|-
|-
| 7 March 2009
!Financial institutions
| ''Economist''  Poll [http://www.economist.com/markets/indicators/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13240271]
|align="center"|202
| United States
|align="center"|108
|
|align="center"|81
|
|align="center"|77
| -''2.2''
|align="center"|56
| ''1.9''
|align="center"|76
|-
|-
|
!Non-financial businesses
|
|align="center"|114
| United Kingdom
|align="center"|96
|
|align="center"|110
|
|align="center"|81
| ''-2.6''
|align="center"|78
| ''0.5''
|align="center"|66
|-
|-
|
!Households
|
|align="center"|101
| France
|align="center"|67
|
|align="center"|44
|
|align="center"|40
| ''-1.7''
|align="center"|56
| ''0.7''
|align="center"|47
|-
|-
|
!Total
|
|align="center"|469
| Germany
|align="center"|459
|
|align="center"|308
|
|align="center"|298
| ''-2.5''
|align="center"|290
| ''0.8''
|align="center"|274
|-
|-
|
! % growth 2000-08
|
|align="center"|10.2
| Japan
|align="center"|0.3
|
|align="center"|7.7
|
|align="center"|6.3
| ''-3.2''
|align="center"|8.1
| ''0.8''
|align="center"|2.5
|}
|}


:(Source: ''Debt and Deleverageing, the Global Credit Bubble and its Consequences'', McKinsey, 2010[http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/freepass_pdfs/debt_and_deleveraging/debt_and_deleveraging_full_report.pdf])
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[[Recession of 2009/Addendum#Selected economic statistics|RETURN TO THE TOP]]
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<references/>
<references/>

Latest revision as of 06:11, 24 April 2012

Selected economic statistics

Growth rates

GDP at constant market prices
% change on previous period
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2006 2007 2008 2009 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
United States 2.8 2.0 0.4 -2.4 0.0 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -1.4 -1.2 -0.2 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7
Japan 2.0 2.4 -0.6 -5.3 1.0 -0.3 0.4 1.0 0.3 -1.2 -0.4 -3.2 -4.2 1.7 0.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 -0.6 -1.8 -0.3 1.7 -0.2
Canada 3.1 2.7 0.5 -2.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 -1.4 -0.6 0.1 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 -0.2 1.0 0.4
United Kingdom 2.8 3.0 0.7 -4.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 -0.7 -1.6 -2.3 -0.7 -0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.3
Germany 3.0 2.5 1.3 -5.0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 -0.5 -0.5 -2.1 -3.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.6 -0.2
France 2.2 2.2 0.8 -2.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 -0.3 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.2
Italy 2.0 1.6 -1.0 -5.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -2.1 -2.9 -0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.2 -0.7
(Source: OECD, Main Economic Indicators)

Consumer prices

percentage increase on the same period of the previous year
2009
2008 2009  Mar   Jun   Sep   Dec 
United States 3.8 -0.4 -0.4 -1.4 -1.3 2.7
United Kingdom 3.6 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.1 2.8
France 2.8 0.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.9
Germany 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 -0.3 0.9
Italy 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.2 1.3
Japan 1.4 -1.4 -0.3 -1.8 -2.2 -1.3
G7 countries 3.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -1.0 1.8
(Source OECD[1] )

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Unemployment rates

OECD harmonised rates
% seasonally adjusted)
2009
2007 2008 2009   Q1    Q2    Q3    Q4 
United States 4.6 5.8 9.3 8.2 9.3 9.7 10.0
United Kingdom 5.3 5.5 7.6 7.1 7.7 7.8 7.7
Japan 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.5 5.1 5.1 5.2
Germany 8.4 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.5
France 8.3 7.9 9.4 8.9 9.3 9.5 10.0
(Source: OECD)[2]

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Commodity prices

IMF Index of Primary Commodity Prices, (2005=100, in terms of US dollars)

2007 2008 2009
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
118 130 137 154 172 203 197 117 99 114 126 136
(Source: IMF [3])

The oil price

The price of crude oil on the New York Stock Exchange ($/barrel[4])

2007 2008 2009 2010
January   June   January   June   January   June   January   June  
56 65 98 139 46 68 83 72

World trade

OECD trade in goods and services
% value change on previous quarter (priced in US$).
2008 2009 2010
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Exports 5.6 5.6 -3.0 -18.4 -12.7 1.8 7.5 7.6 0.6
Imports 6.2 5.2 -2.0 -18.5 -14.3 -0.5 8.1 6.2 2.5
(Source: OECD economic indicators[5])

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Policy Actions

Central bank measures

Federal Reserve Bank European Central Bank   Bank of Japan     Bank of England  
Lowering policy rates

to very low levels

X De facto X X
Increasing liquidity provision

to financial institutions

X X X X
Intervening directly in wider

segments of the financial market

X X X X
Purchasing long-term

government bonds

X X X
Supporting specific

institutions

X X X
Source: OECD Economics Working Papper No 753 February 2010[6]

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Fiscal stimulus packages

% of GDP
2008 2009 2010 Total
United States 1.1 2.0 1.8 4.8
United Kingdom 0.2 1.4 -0.1 1.5
Germany 0.0 1.5 2.0 3.4
France 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.3
Japan 0.4 1.4 0.4 2.2
Canada 0.0 1.5 1.3 2.7
China 0.4 2.0 2.0 4.4
(Source: IMF estimates February 2009 [7])

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Debt

Public debt estimates

(National debt
% of GDP )
   Japan       Italy       France      Germany    United States United Kingdom Average [1]
2007 188 104 64 63 62 44 78
2009 217 117 77 80 89 69 101
2010 219 116 78 79 85 69 99
2014 246 129 96 89 108 98 118
  1. ↑ average of advanced G20 countries
    2. (Source: IMF Staff Position Note November 2009 [8])

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    Total debt

    % of GDP 2008
    United Kingdom    Japan       France       Italy     United States    Germany   
    Government 52 188 73 101 60 69
    Financial institutions 202 108 81 77 56 76
    Non-financial businesses 114 96 110 81 78 66
    Households 101 67 44 40 56 47
    Total 469 459 308 298 290 274
    % growth 2000-08 10.2 0.3 7.7 6.3 8.1 2.5
    (Source: Debt and Deleverageing, the Global Credit Bubble and its Consequences, McKinsey, 2010[9])

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