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The '''history of the papacy''', in regards to the head of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], has an unclear history. However, the earliest record of a Church leader being established is found in the [[New Testament]]<ref>Specifically [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 16:18, [[1 Corinthians]] 3:11, [[Book of Ephesians|Ephesians]] 2:20, [[1 Peter]] 2:5–6, and [[Book of Revelations|Revelations]] 21:14.</ref> in which [[Jesus]] tells [[Simon Peter]] "Thou art Peter, and upon this Rock I will build my church and I will give thee the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven."<ref>[[Gospel of Matthew]]: Chapter 16, Verse 18.</ref> Indeed, Peter had built a church in [[Rome]] in [[42]] [[Anno domini|A.D.]] while he was visiting [[Simon Magus]]. He served as the [[bishop]] for 25 years until [[67]] A.D. when he is [[martyr|martyred]] by [[Nero]]<ref>Pennington, p. 2</ref> (''further information: [[Great Fire of Rome#Persecution of the Christians|Great Fire of Rome]]''). [[Eamon Duffy]] points out in his book, ''Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes'', that Jesus had essentially appointed Peter as the first pope.<ref>Duffy p. 1</ref>
The '''history of the papacy''' is a major factor in history, especially the Middle Ages.
 
Catholic tradition argues that Christ told Peter to found a church. Protestants say the Bibvlical texts are too short and obscure to bear the weight of an elaborate infrastructure that was erected many centuries after Christ, and that the Papacy interferes with the direct relationship between Christ and the sinner. Indeed, the history of the [[Reformation]] is the history of the rejection of the Papacy, while the history of the [[Counter-Reformation]] is the history of its reform and partial restoration to power.
 
===Biblical texts===
Catholics emphasize that Jesus told [[Simon Peter]]:
:thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth it shall be bound also in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven.
<ref>Gospel of Matthew: Chapter 16, Verse 18; see also 1 Corinthians 3:11, Ephesians 2:20, [[1 Peter]] 2:5–6, and Revelations 21:14.</ref> </ref>
 
Peter did found a church in Rome in 42 A.D. and served as the bishop for 25 years until 67 A.D. when he was martyred.<ref> Eamon Duffy argues in ''Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes'' (2002), that Jesus had essentially appointed Peter as the first pope. p. 1</ref>


==Notes==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>


==References==
==References==
* {{cite book | last=Pennington | first=Arthur Robert | title=Epochs of the Papacy: From Its Rise to the Death of Pope Pius IX. in 1878 | year=1882 | publisher=G. Bell and Sons }}
* Duffy, Eamon. ''Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes,'' (2002) Yale University Press
* {{cite book | last=Duffy | first=Eamon | title=Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes | year=2002 | publisher=Yale University Press }}
* Ralph J. Capio; "The Papacy: A Case Study in Organizational Longevity," ''Journal of European Studies,'' Vol. 26, 1996. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002278435 online edition]
* Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Pope" (1913) [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm online edition]
*  Owen Chadwick. ''A History of the Popes, 1830-1914.'' (1998), 616pp; a standard recent history. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=12355195 online edition],
* H. Daniel-Rops. ''The Church in the Eighteenth Century'' (1964)
* H. Daniel-Rops. ''The Church in an Age of Revolution'' (1965).
* E. E. Y. Hales. ''Revolution and Papacy, 1769-1846,'' (1960)
* Kelly, J.N.D. ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes'' (1988). 349pp; scholarly short biographies; [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54850171 online edition]
*  Michael A. Mullett; ''The Catholic Reformation,'' (1999), [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102890994 online edition]
* ''New Catholic 'Encyclopedia'' (1967)
* Pastor, ''History of the Popes'', older Catholic history
* Walter Ullmann; ''A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages,'' (2002), 393pp, [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107602176 online edition]


==See also==
*[[Pope]]
*[[List of Popes]]
*[[Avignon Papacy]]
*[[Holy See]]
*[[History of the Vatican City]]


==Notes==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
[[Category:CZ Live]]
[[Category:CZ Live]]
[[Category:History Workgroup]]
[[Category:History Workgroup]]
[[Category:Religion Workgroup]]
[[Category:Religion Workgroup]]

Revision as of 21:22, 8 May 2007

The history of the papacy is a major factor in history, especially the Middle Ages.

Catholic tradition argues that Christ told Peter to found a church. Protestants say the Bibvlical texts are too short and obscure to bear the weight of an elaborate infrastructure that was erected many centuries after Christ, and that the Papacy interferes with the direct relationship between Christ and the sinner. Indeed, the history of the Reformation is the history of the rejection of the Papacy, while the history of the Counter-Reformation is the history of its reform and partial restoration to power.

Biblical texts

Catholics emphasize that Jesus told Simon Peter:

thou art Peter; and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give to thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven. And whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth it shall be bound also in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, it shall be loosed also in heaven.

[1] </ref>

Peter did found a church in Rome in 42 A.D. and served as the bishop for 25 years until 67 A.D. when he was martyred.[2]


References

  • Duffy, Eamon. Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, (2002) Yale University Press
  • Ralph J. Capio; "The Papacy: A Case Study in Organizational Longevity," Journal of European Studies, Vol. 26, 1996. online edition
  • Catholic Encyclopedia, "The Pope" (1913) online edition
  • Owen Chadwick. A History of the Popes, 1830-1914. (1998), 616pp; a standard recent history. online edition,
  • H. Daniel-Rops. The Church in the Eighteenth Century (1964)
  • H. Daniel-Rops. The Church in an Age of Revolution (1965).
  • E. E. Y. Hales. Revolution and Papacy, 1769-1846, (1960)
  • Kelly, J.N.D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (1988). 349pp; scholarly short biographies; online edition
  • Michael A. Mullett; The Catholic Reformation, (1999), online edition
  • New Catholic 'Encyclopedia (1967)
  • Pastor, History of the Popes, older Catholic history
  • Walter Ullmann; A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages, (2002), 393pp, online edition


Notes

  1. ↑ Gospel of Matthew: Chapter 16, Verse 18; see also 1 Corinthians 3:11, Ephesians 2:20, 1 Peter 2:5–6, and Revelations 21:14.
  2. ↑ Eamon Duffy argues in Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes (2002), that Jesus had essentially appointed Peter as the first pope. p. 1
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