NMR spectroscopy/Catalogs/Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy experiments: Difference between revisions

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imported>David E. Volk
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</tr>
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<tr><td>[[CBCA(CO)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>CBCA(CO)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td> Protein NMR assignments </td>
<td> Protein NMR assignments </td>
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<ref name=GB1992a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = Correlating backbone amide and side chain resonances in larger proteins by multiple relayed triple resonance NMR | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114| pages = 6291-6293 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=GB1992a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = Correlating backbone amide and side chain resonances in larger proteins by multiple relayed triple resonance NMR | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114| pages = 6291-6293 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[CBCANH]]</td>
<tr><td>CBCANH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
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<ref name=GB1992b>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = An efficient experiment for sequential backbone assignment of medium-sized isotopically enriched proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 99| pages = 201-207 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=GB1992b>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = An efficient experiment for sequential backbone assignment of medium-sized isotopically enriched proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 99| pages = 201-207 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[COSY]]</td>
<tr><td>COSY</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, H<sub>i-1</sub>, H<sub>i+1</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, H<sub>i-1</sub>, H<sub>i+1</sub></td>
<td>Correlate neighboring protons</td>
<td>Correlate neighboring protons</td>
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<tr><td>[[DEPT]] (<sup>13</sup>C-DEPT)</td>
<tr><td>DEPT (<sup>13</sup>C-DEPT)</td>
<td><sup>13</sup>C</td>
<td><sup>13</sup>C</td>
<td>Differentiate CH, CH<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub></td>
<td>Differentiate CH, CH<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub></td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[DQF-COSY]] (<sup>13</sup>C-DEPT)</td>
<tr><td>DQF-COSY</td>
<td>see COSY</td>
<td>see COSY</td>
<td>Reduces large Methyl peaks</td>
<td>Reduces large Methyl peaks</td>
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<tr><td>[[HACAHB]]</td>
<tr><td>HACAHB</td>
<td>H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub></td>
<td>Selective COSY</td>
<td>Selective COSY</td>
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<ref name=GB1995a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S., Kuboniwa, H., Hinck, A.P. & Bax, A. | title = Multiple-Quantum Line Narrowing for Measurement of H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 117| pages = 5312-5315 | year = 1995 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=GB1995a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S., Kuboniwa, H., Hinck, A.P. & Bax, A. | title = Multiple-Quantum Line Narrowing for Measurement of H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 117| pages = 5312-5315 | year = 1995 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HBHA(CO)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>HBHA(CO)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta protons</td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta protons</td>
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<ref name=GB1993a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = Amino acid type determination in the sequential assignment procedure of uniformly <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-enriched proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 3 | pages = 185-204 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=GB1993a>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. | title = Amino acid type determination in the sequential assignment procedure of uniformly <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-enriched proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 3 | pages = 185-204 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HBCBCACOCAHA]]</td>
<tr><td>HBCBCACOCAHA</td>
<td> H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub>O</sub> </td>
<td> H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub>O</sub> </td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[HBCBCACONNH]]</td>
<tr><td>HBCBCACONNH</td>
<td> H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, N<sub>H+1, H<sub>N+1</sub></sub>  </td>
<td> H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, N<sub>H+1, H<sub>N+1</sub></sub>  </td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[(HB)CB(CGCD)HD]]</td>
<tr><td>(HB)CB(CGCD)HD</td>
<td> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and H<sub><math>\delta</math></sub> of aromatic residues</td>
<td> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and H<sub><math>\delta</math></sub> of aromatic residues</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[(HB)CB(CGCDCE)HE]]</td>
<tr><td>(HB)CB(CGCDCE)HE</td>
<td> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub> of aromatic residues</td>
<td> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub> of aromatic residues</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
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<td> Yamazaki, Forman-Kay & Kay <ref name=Yamazaki/> </td>
<td> Yamazaki, Forman-Kay & Kay <ref name=Yamazaki/> </td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[(HCA)CO(CA)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>(HCA)CO(CA)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub></td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
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<td> Lohr and Ruterjans<ref name=Lohr>{{cite journal | author = Lohr, F. and Ruterjans, H. | title = A new triple-resonance experiment for the sequential assignment of backbone resonances in proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 6 | pages = 189-197 | year = 1995 }}</ref></td>
<td> Lohr and Ruterjans<ref name=Lohr>{{cite journal | author = Lohr, F. and Ruterjans, H. | title = A new triple-resonance experiment for the sequential assignment of backbone resonances in proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 6 | pages = 189-197 | year = 1995 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HCACOCAN]]</td>
<tr><td>HCACOCAN</td>
<td>C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, H<sub>N+1</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub></td>
<td>C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, H<sub>N+1</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub></td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR assignments</td>
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<td> Lohr and Ruterjans <ref name=Lohr/></td>
<td> Lohr and Ruterjans <ref name=Lohr/></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HCAN]]</td>
<tr><td>HCAN</td>
<td>H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub></td>
<td>H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub></td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
<td>Protein NMR Assignments</td>
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<ref name=Powers>{{cite journal | author = Powers, R., Gronenborn, A.M., Clore, G.M. and Bax, A. | title = Three-dimensional Triple-Resonance NMR of <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-Enriched Proteins Using Constant-Time Evolution | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 94 | pages = 209-213 | year = 1991 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Powers>{{cite journal | author = Powers, R., Gronenborn, A.M., Clore, G.M. and Bax, A. | title = Three-dimensional Triple-Resonance NMR of <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>15</sup>N-Enriched Proteins Using Constant-Time Evolution | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 94 | pages = 209-213 | year = 1991 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HCCH_TOCSY]]</td>
<tr><td>HCCH_TOCSY</td>
<td>(H<sub>i</sub>-C<sub>i</sub>) ---> H<sub><math>\chi</math></sub> </td>
<td>(H<sub>i</sub>-C<sub>i</sub>) ---> H<sub><math>\chi</math></sub> </td>
<td>Assign entire spin systems</td>
<td>Assign entire spin systems</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[H(CCO)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>H(CCO)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\chi-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\chi-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Proteins: correlate proton spin system to next amide group</td>
<td>Proteins: correlate proton spin system to next amide group</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[(H)C(CO)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>(H)C(CO)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, Cx-1</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, Cx-1</td>
<td>Proteins: correlate carbon spin system to next amide group</td>
<td>Proteins: correlate carbon spin system to next amide group</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[HETCOR]]</td>
<tr><td>HETCOR</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>i</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>i</sub></td>
<td> similar to HSQC</td>
<td> similar to HSQC</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


 
<tr><td>HMBC</td>
 
<tr><td>[[HMBC]]</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>j,k,l,m</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>j,k,l,m</sub></td>
<td>long-range C-H correlations, aromatic ring assignments</td>
<td>long-range C-H correlations, aromatic ring assignments</td>
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</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[HMQC]]</td>
<tr><td>HMQC</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>i</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, C<sub>i</sub></td>
<td>heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence</td>
<td>heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence</td>
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<tr><td>[[HNCA]]</td>
<tr><td>HNCA</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Sequential alpha carbons</td>
<td>Sequential alpha carbons</td>
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<ref name=KITB>{{cite journal | author = Kay, L. E., Ikura, M., Tschudin, R. & Bax, A. | title = Three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched proteins  | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 89 | pages = 296 | year = 1990 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=KITB>{{cite journal | author = Kay, L. E., Ikura, M., Tschudin, R. & Bax, A. | title = Three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched proteins  | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 89 | pages = 296 | year = 1990 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HNCACB]]</td>
<tr><td>HNCACB</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Sequential alpha/beta carbons</td>
<td>Sequential alpha/beta carbons</td>
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<ref name=Wittekind>{{cite journal | author = Wittekind, M. & Mueller, L. | title = HNCACB, a High-Sensitivy 3D NMR Experiment to Correlate Amide-Proton and Nitrogen Resonances with the Alpha- and Beta-Carbon Resonances in Proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson., Series B. | volume = B101 | pages = 201-205 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Wittekind>{{cite journal | author = Wittekind, M. & Mueller, L. | title = HNCACB, a High-Sensitivy 3D NMR Experiment to Correlate Amide-Proton and Nitrogen Resonances with the Alpha- and Beta-Carbon Resonances in Proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson., Series B. | volume = B101 | pages = 201-205 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CA)CO]]</td><td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub>  </td>
<tr><td>HN(CA)CO</td><td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub>  </td>
<td>Sequential carbonyl carbons</td>
<td>Sequential carbonyl carbons</td>
<td>weak C<sub>O-1</sub> signals, Hn exchange</td>
<td>weak C<sub>O-1</sub> signals, Hn exchange</td>
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<ref name=Yamazaki2>{{cite journal | author = Yamazaki, T., Lee, W., Arrowsmith, C.H., Muhandiram, D.R. and Kay, L.E. | title = A Suite of Triple Resonance NMR Experiments for the Backbone Assignment of <sup>15</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>2</sup>H Labeled Proteins with High Sensitivity | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 116 | pages = 11655-11666 | year = 1994 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Yamazaki2>{{cite journal | author = Yamazaki, T., Lee, W., Arrowsmith, C.H., Muhandiram, D.R. and Kay, L.E. | title = A Suite of Triple Resonance NMR Experiments for the Backbone Assignment of <sup>15</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>2</sup>H Labeled Proteins with High Sensitivity | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 116 | pages = 11655-11666 | year = 1994 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CA)HA]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(CA)HA</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub> </td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub> </td>
<td>Sequential alpha protons</td>
<td>Sequential alpha protons</td>
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<ref name=KayWitt>{{cite journal | author = Kay, L. E., Wittikind, M., McCoy, M. A., Friedrichs, M. S. and Mueller, L. | title = 4D NMR Triple-Resonance Experiments for Assignment of Protein Backbone Nuclei Using Shared Constant-Time Evolution Periods | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 98 | pages = 443-450 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=KayWitt>{{cite journal | author = Kay, L. E., Wittikind, M., McCoy, M. A., Friedrichs, M. S. and Mueller, L. | title = 4D NMR Triple-Resonance Experiments for Assignment of Protein Backbone Nuclei Using Shared Constant-Time Evolution Periods | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 98 | pages = 443-450 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(C)N]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(C)N</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>,N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>,N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub></td>
<td>Amide to previous nitrogen</td>
<td>Amide to previous nitrogen</td>
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<ref name=Panchal>{{cite journal | author = Panchal, SC, Bhavesh, NS & Hosur, RV | title = Improved 3D triple resonance experiments, HNN and HN(C)N, for HN and 15N sequential correlations in (13C, 15N) labeled proteins: Application to unfolded proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 20 | pages = 135-147 | year = 2001 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Panchal>{{cite journal | author = Panchal, SC, Bhavesh, NS & Hosur, RV | title = Improved 3D triple resonance experiments, HNN and HN(C)N, for HN and 15N sequential correlations in (13C, 15N) labeled proteins: Application to unfolded proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 20 | pages = 135-147 | year = 2001 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CA)NNH]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(CA)NNH</td>
<td> N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub>  </td>
<td> N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub>  </td>
<td>Sequential Protein amide groups</td>
<td>Sequential Protein amide groups</td>
Line 253: Line 251:
<ref name=Weisemann>{{cite journal | author = Weisemann, R., Ruterjans, H. & Bermel, W. | title = 3d Triple-resonance NMR techniques for the sequential assignment of NH and <sup>15</sup>N resonances in <sup>15</sup>N- and <sup>13</sup>C-labelled proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 3 | pages = 113-120 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Weisemann>{{cite journal | author = Weisemann, R., Ruterjans, H. & Bermel, W. | title = 3d Triple-resonance NMR techniques for the sequential assignment of NH and <sup>15</sup>N resonances in <sup>15</sup>N- and <sup>13</sup>C-labelled proteins | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 3 | pages = 113-120 | year = 1993 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[H(NCA)NNH]]</td>
<tr><td>H(NCA)NNH</td>
<td>  N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, H<sub>N-1</sub>,H<sub>N+1</sub>  </td>
<td>  N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub>N</sub>, H<sub>N-1</sub>,H<sub>N+1</sub>  </td>
<td>Sequential Protein amide groups</td>
<td>Sequential Protein amide groups</td>
Line 261: Line 259:




<tr><td>[[HNCO]]</td>
<tr><td>HNCO</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub></td>
<td>Carbonyl carbon assignments</td>
<td>Carbonyl carbon assignments</td>
Line 268: Line 266:
<ref name=IKB>{{cite journal | author = Ikura, M., Kay, L. E. and Bax, A. | title = A novel approach for sequential assignment of proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 spectra of larger proteins: heteronuclear triple-resonance three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Application to calmodulin | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 29 | pages = 4659-4667 | year = 1990 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=IKB>{{cite journal | author = Ikura, M., Kay, L. E. and Bax, A. | title = A novel approach for sequential assignment of proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 spectra of larger proteins: heteronuclear triple-resonance three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Application to calmodulin | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 29 | pages = 4659-4667 | year = 1990 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CO)CA]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(CO)CA</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Assign previous alpha carbon</td>
<td>Assign previous alpha carbon</td>
Line 274: Line 272:
<td> Yamazaki, Lee, et al.<ref name=Yamazaki2/></td>
<td> Yamazaki, Lee, et al.<ref name=Yamazaki2/></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CO)CACB]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(CO)CACB</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta carbons</td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta carbons</td>
Line 280: Line 278:
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>


<tr><td>[[HN(COCA)CB]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(COCA)CB</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>Previous beta carbons</td>
<td>Previous beta carbons</td>
Line 287: Line 285:
<ref name=Wittekind/></td>
<ref name=Wittekind/></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[(HN)CO(CO)NH]]</td>
<tr><td>(HN)CO(CO)NH</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub> </td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, C<sub>O</sub>, C<sub>O-1</sub> </td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta carbons</td>
<td>Previous alpha/beta carbons</td>
Line 294: Line 292:
</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[HN(CO)HA]]</td><td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td><td>Previous alpha proton</td><td> Hn exchange</td><td> - </td>
<tr><td>HN(CO)HA</td><td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td><td>Previous alpha proton</td><td> Hn exchange</td><td> - </td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HN(CO)HB]]</td>
<tr><td>HN(CO)HB</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub></td>
<td>CO-H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub> coupling</td>
<td>CO-H<sub><math>\beta-1</math></sub> coupling</td>
Line 303: Line 301:
<ref name=Grz_Ikura>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S., Ikura, M., Clore, G.M., Gronenborn, A.M. & Bax, A. | title = A 3D Triple-Resonance Technique for Qualitative Measurement of Carbonyl-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 96 | pages = 215-221 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Grz_Ikura>{{cite journal | author = Grzesiek, S., Ikura, M., Clore, G.M., Gronenborn, A.M. & Bax, A. | title = A 3D Triple-Resonance Technique for Qualitative Measurement of Carbonyl-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins | journal = J. Magn. Reson. | volume = 96 | pages = 215-221 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[HNHA]]</td>
<tr><td>HNHA</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub></td>
<td> alpha protons & <math>\phi</math>-backbone angles</td>
<td> alpha protons & <math>\phi</math>-backbone angles</td>
Line 310: Line 308:
</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[HNHB]]</td>
<tr><td>HNHB</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>, N<sub>H</sub>, H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub>, H<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td>
<td>(N-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J-coupling)</td>
<td>(N-H<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> J-coupling)</td>
Line 320: Line 318:




<tr><td>[[HNH]]</td><td>H<sub>N(i,i-1,i+1)</sub>, N<sub>H(i,i-1,i+1)</sub></td><td>Sequential beta protons & backbone angles</td><td>weak Ca/Cb-1 signals, Hn exchange</td><td> - </td>
<tr><td>HNH</td><td>H<sub>N(i,i-1,i+1)</sub>, N<sub>H(i,i-1,i+1)</sub></td><td>Sequential beta protons & backbone angles</td><td>weak Ca/Cb-1 signals, Hn exchange</td><td> - </td>
</tr>
</tr>




<tr><td>[[HNN]]</td>
<tr><td>HNN</td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>,N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub>  </td>
<td>H<sub>N</sub>,N<sub>H</sub>, N<sub>H-1</sub>, N<sub>H+1</sub>  </td>
<td>Amide to sequential nitrogens</td>
<td>Amide to sequential nitrogens</td>
Line 333: Line 331:




<tr><td>[[HSQC]]</td>
<tr><td>HSQC</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, X<sub>i</sub></td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>, X<sub>i</sub></td>
<td> Correlate heteroatom and attached proton</td>
<td> Correlate heteroatom and attached proton</td>
Line 340: Line 338:
</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[INADEQUATE]]</td>
<tr><td>INADEQUATE</td>
<td>incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment</td>
<td>incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment</td>
<td> -</td>
<td> -</td>
Line 348: Line 346:




<tr><td>[[INEPT]]</td>
<tr><td>INEPT</td>
<td>insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer</td>
<td>insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer</td>
<td> part of many modern NMR expts.</td>
<td> part of many modern NMR expts.</td>
Line 357: Line 355:




<tr><td>[[LRCC]]</td>
<tr><td>LRCC</td>
<td>Methionine C<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>/H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>---> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and C<sub><math>\gamma</math></sub></td>
<td>Methionine C<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>/H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>---> C<sub><math>\beta</math></sub> and C<sub><math>\gamma</math></sub></td>
<td> Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles</td>
<td> Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles</td>
Line 365: Line 363:




<tr><td>[[LRCH]]</td>
<tr><td>LRCH</td>
<td>Methionine C<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>/H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>---> H<sub><math>\gamma</math></sub></td>
<td>Methionine C<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>/H<sub><math>\epsilon</math></sub>---> H<sub><math>\gamma</math></sub></td>
<td> Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles</td>
<td> Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles</td>
Line 386: Line 384:
<td> Bothner-By et al.<ref name=Bothner-By>{{cite journal | author = Bothner-By, A.A., Stephens, R.L., Lee, J., Warren, C.D. and Jeanloz, R.W. | title = Structure determination of a tetrasaccharide: transient nuclear Overhauser effects in the rotating frame | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 106 | pages = 811-813 | year = 1984 }}</ref> and Hwang & Shaka<ref name=HwangShaka1>{{cite journal | author = Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J.  | title = Cross relaxation without TOCSY: Transverse rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114 | pages = 3157-3159 | year = 1992 }}</ref><ref name=HwangShaka2>{{cite journal | author = Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J.  | title = Reliable two-dimensional rotating-frame cross-relaxation measurements in coupled spin systems | journal = J. Magn. Reson. Series B | volume = B102 | pages = 155-165 | year = 1993 }}</ref>
<td> Bothner-By et al.<ref name=Bothner-By>{{cite journal | author = Bothner-By, A.A., Stephens, R.L., Lee, J., Warren, C.D. and Jeanloz, R.W. | title = Structure determination of a tetrasaccharide: transient nuclear Overhauser effects in the rotating frame | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 106 | pages = 811-813 | year = 1984 }}</ref> and Hwang & Shaka<ref name=HwangShaka1>{{cite journal | author = Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J.  | title = Cross relaxation without TOCSY: Transverse rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 114 | pages = 3157-3159 | year = 1992 }}</ref><ref name=HwangShaka2>{{cite journal | author = Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J.  | title = Reliable two-dimensional rotating-frame cross-relaxation measurements in coupled spin systems | journal = J. Magn. Reson. Series B | volume = B102 | pages = 155-165 | year = 1993 }}</ref>
</td>
</td>
</tr>
</tr>


 
<tr><td>TOCSY</td>
<tr><td>[[TOCSY]]</td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>----> H<sub><math>\chi</math></sub> </td>
<td>H<sub>i</sub>----> H<sub><math>\chi</math></sub> </td>
<td>Assign entire H1 spin systems</td>
<td>Assign entire H1 spin systems</td>
Line 397: Line 393:
</tr>
</tr>


<tr><td>[[WATERGATE]]</td>
<tr><td>WATERGATE</td>
<td> Protons </td>
<td> Protons </td>
<td>Solvent suppression</td>
<td>Solvent suppression</td>
Line 404: Line 400:
<ref name=Piotto>{{cite journal | author = Piotto, M., Saudek, V. and Sklenar, V. | title = Gradient-tailored Excitation for Single-quantum NMR Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 2 | pages = 661 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
<ref name=Piotto>{{cite journal | author = Piotto, M., Saudek, V. and Sklenar, V. | title = Gradient-tailored Excitation for Single-quantum NMR Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions | journal = J. Biomol. NMR | volume = 2 | pages = 661 | year = 1992 }}</ref></td>
</tr>
</tr>


</table>
</table>

Revision as of 16:52, 12 July 2007

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments can have multiple variations added, such as form of solvent suppression, sensitivity enhancement, form of inversion or soft pulses, decoupling schemes and so on. This list refers to the basic form of the experiment and references, in general, but not always, are made to the earliest published form of the experiment.

These experiments have been separated into those generally used for solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy (MRI) and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Atom notation key

Atom NameDescription
Calpha carbon of current amino acid
Calpha carbon of the previous amino acid
Cbeta carbon of current amino acid
Cbeta carbon of the previous amino acid
COcarbonyl carbon of the current amino acid
CO-1carbonyl carbon of the previous amino acid
Cany carbon of the previous amino acid
Halpha proton of current amino acid
Halpha proton of the previous amino acid
HNamide proton
NHamide nitrogen
Hany proton of the current amino acid
Hany proton of the previous amino acid

NMR experiments - solution

NMR Experiment NameAtoms Observed Common UseWeaknessesReference(s)
APT 13C seperate C, CH, CH2 and CH3 carbon detection Patt & Schoolery [1]
BIRD Decoupling scheme BIlinear Rotation Decoupling - Garbow, Weitekamp & Pines[2]
CBCA(CO)NH HN, NH, C, C Protein NMR assignments Hn exchange Grzesiek & Bax [3]
CBCANH HN, NH, C, C, C, C Protein NMR assignments Hn exchange Grzesiek & Bax [4]
COSY Hi, Hi-1, Hi+1 Correlate neighboring protons signal overlap Aue et al[5] and Bax and Freeman[6]
COLOC 1H & 13C COrrleation via LOng-range Coupling - Kessler et al.[7]
DEPT (13C-DEPT) 13C Differentiate CH, CH2 and CH3 don't observe quaternary 13C Bendell, Doddrell & Pegg [8]
DQF-COSY see COSY Reduces large Methyl peaks - Piantini, Sorensen & Ernst [9]
HACAHB H, C, H Selective COSY water signal overlaps some H Grzesiek et al. [10]
HBHA(CO)NH HN, NH, H, H Previous alpha/beta protons Hn exchange Grzesiek & Bax [11]
HBCBCACOCAHA H, C, C, CO Protein NMR assignments 13C relaxation Lewis Kay [12]
HBCBCACONNH H, C, C, NH+1, HN+1 Protein NMR Assignments Hn exchange Grzesiek and Bax [3]
(HB)CB(CGCD)HD C and H of aromatic residues Protein NMR Assignments 13C relaxation Yamazaki, Forman-Kay & Kay [13]
(HB)CB(CGCDCE)HE C and H of aromatic residues Protein NMR Assignments 13C relaxation Yamazaki, Forman-Kay & Kay [13]
(HCA)CO(CA)NH HN, NH, CO, CO-1 Protein NMR assignments Hn exchange Lohr and Ruterjans[14]
HCACOCAN CO, C, H, HN, HN+1, NH, NH+1 Protein NMR assignments Hn exchange Lohr and Ruterjans [14]
HCAN H, C, NH, NH+1 Protein NMR Assignments water signal overlap Powers et al. [15]
HCCH_TOCSY (Hi-Ci) ---> H Assign entire spin systems signal overlap, 13C relaxation Clore & Gronenborn [16]
H(CCO)NH HN, NH, H Proteins: correlate proton spin system to next amide group Hn exchange Grzesiek, Anglister & Bax [17]
(H)C(CO)NH HN, NH, Cx-1 Proteins: correlate carbon spin system to next amide group Hn exchange Grzesiek, Anglister & Bax [17]
HETCOR Hi, Ci similar to HSQC carbon detection -
HMBC Hi, Cj,k,l,m long-range C-H correlations, aromatic ring assignments low signal, weak J couplings used Bax & Summers [18]
HMQC Hi, Ci heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence - L. Mueller[19]
HNCA HN, NH, C, C Sequential alpha carbons weak Ca-1, Hn exchange Kay, Ikura, Tschudin & Bax [20]
HNCACB HN, NH, C, C, C, C Sequential alpha/beta carbons weak C,C signals, Hn exchange Wittekind & Mueller [21]
HN(CA)COHN, NH, CO, CO-1 Sequential carbonyl carbons weak CO-1 signals, Hn exchange Yamazaki, Lee, et al. [22]
HN(CA)HA HN, NH, H, H Sequential alpha protons H overlap and water signals Kay et al. [23]
HN(C)N HN,NH, NH-1 Amide to previous nitrogen Hn exchange Panchal, Bhavesh & Hosur [24]
HN(CA)NNH NH, HN, NH-1, NH+1 Sequential Protein amide groups 13C relaxation, HN exchange Weisemann, Ruterjans & Bermel [25]
H(NCA)NNH NH, HN, HN-1,HN+1 Sequential Protein amide groups weak CO-1 signals, Hn exchange Weisemann, Ruterjans & Bermel[25]
HNCO HN, NH, CO-1 Carbonyl carbon assignments Hn exchange Ikura, Kay & Bax [26]
HN(CO)CA HN, NH, C Assign previous alpha carbon Hn exchange Yamazaki, Lee, et al.[22]
HN(CO)CACB HN, NH, C, C Previous alpha/beta carbons Hn exchange -
HN(COCA)CB HN, NH, C Previous beta carbons Hn exchange Wittekind & Mueller [21]
(HN)CO(CO)NH HN, NH, CO, CO-1 Previous alpha/beta carbons C relaxation Bax & Grzesiek[27]
HN(CO)HAHN, NH, HPrevious alpha proton Hn exchange -
HN(CO)HB HN, NH, H CO-H coupling Hn exchange Grzesiek, Ikura et al. [28]
HNHA HN, NH, H alpha protons & -backbone angles water peak Vuister & Bax [29]
HNHB HN, NH, H, H (N-H J-coupling) Hn exchange Archer et al. [30]
HNHHN(i,i-1,i+1), NH(i,i-1,i+1)Sequential beta protons & backbone anglesweak Ca/Cb-1 signals, Hn exchange -
HNN HN,NH, NH-1, NH+1 Amide to sequential nitrogens Hn exchange Panchal, Bhavesh & Hosur [24]
HSQC Hi, Xi Correlate heteroatom and attached proton very sensitive Bodenhausen & Ruben,[31]John, et al.[32] & Kay et al.[33]
INADEQUATE incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment - - Bax, Freeman & Frenkiel[34]
INEPT insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer part of many modern NMR expts. - Morris & Freeman[35]
LRCC Methionine C/H---> C and C Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles high sensitivity Bax, Delaglio et al.[36]
LRCH Methionine C/H---> H Assign Methionine methyls, chi3 angles high sensitivity Bax, Delaglio et al.[36]
NOESY Hi, Hx 1H-1H distance structure determinations Jeener et al.,[37] Kumar, Ernst & Wuthrich[38] and Macura & Ernst[39]
ROESY Hi, Hx 1H-1H distance rotating frame, works for small molecules Bothner-By et al.[40] and Hwang & Shaka[41][42]
TOCSY Hi----> H Assign entire H1 spin systems signal overlap Braunschweiler & Ernst, [43] and Bax & Davis[44]
WATERGATE Protons Solvent suppression - Piotto, Saudek & Sklenar [45]

NMR experiments - MRI

NMR experiments - solid-state

References

  1. ↑ Patt, S.L. & Schoolery, J.N. (1982). "Attached Proton Test for Carbon-13 NMR". J. Magn. Reson. 46: 535-539.
  2. ↑ Garbow, J.R., Weitekamp, D.P. & Pines, A. (1982). "{{{title}}}". Chem. Phys. Lett. 93: 504-508.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. (1992). "Correlating backbone amide and side chain resonances in larger proteins by multiple relayed triple resonance NMR". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114: 6291-6293.
  4. ↑ Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. (1992). "An efficient experiment for sequential backbone assignment of medium-sized isotopically enriched proteins". J. Magn. Reson. 99: 201-207.
  5. ↑ Aue, W.P., Bartholdi, E. and Ernst, R.R. (1975). "{{{title}}}". J. Chem. Phys. 64: 2229-2246.
  6. ↑ Bax, A. & Freeman, R. (1981). "Investigation of complex networks of spin-spin coupling by two-dimensional NMR". J. Magn. Reson. 44: 542-561.
  7. ↑ Kessler, H., Griesinger, C., Zarbock, J. and Loosli, H.R. (1984). "{{{title}}}". J. Magn. Reson. 57: 331-336.
  8. ↑ Bendrell, M.R., Doddrell, D.M. & Pegg, D.T. (1981). "{{{title}}}". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103: 4603-4605.
  9. ↑ Piantini, U., Sorensen, O.W. & Ernst, R.R. (1982). "{{{title}}}". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104: 6800-6801.
  10. ↑ Grzesiek, S., Kuboniwa, H., Hinck, A.P. & Bax, A. (1995). "Multiple-Quantum Line Narrowing for Measurement of H-H J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117: 5312-5315.
  11. ↑ Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. (1993). "Amino acid type determination in the sequential assignment procedure of uniformly 13C/15N-enriched proteins". J. Biomol. NMR 3: 185-204.
  12. ↑ Kay, L. E. (1993). "Pulsed-field gradient-enhanced three-dimensional NMR experiment for correlating 13C/, 13C', and 1H chemical shifts in uniformly 13C-labeled proteins dissolved in water". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 2055-2057.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Yamazaki, T., Forman-Kay, J. D. & Kay, L. E. (1994). "Two-dimensional NMR experiments for correlating 13C and 1H/ chemical shifts of aromatic residues in 13C-labeled proteins via scalar couplings". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 11054-11055.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lohr, F. and Ruterjans, H. (1995). "A new triple-resonance experiment for the sequential assignment of backbone resonances in proteins". J. Biomol. NMR 6: 189-197.
  15. ↑ Powers, R., Gronenborn, A.M., Clore, G.M. and Bax, A. (1991). "Three-dimensional Triple-Resonance NMR of 13C/15N-Enriched Proteins Using Constant-Time Evolution". J. Magn. Reson. 94: 209-213.
  16. ↑ Clore, G. M. & Gronenborn, A. M. (1994). "Multidimensional heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance of proteins". Meth. Enzymol. 239: 249-363.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Grzesiek, S., Anglister, J. & Bax, A. (1993). "Correlation of Backbone Amide and Aliphatic Side-Chain Resonances in 13C/15N-enriched Proteins by Isotopic Mixing of 13C Magnetization". J. Magn. Reson. Series B B101: 114-119.
  18. ↑ Bax, A. & Summers, M.F. (1986). "Proton and Carbon-13 assigments from sensitivity-enhanced detection of heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity by 2D multiple quantum NMR". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108: 2093-2094.
  19. ↑ L. Mueller (1979). "Sensitivity enhanced detection of weak nuclei using heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101: 4481-4484.
  20. ↑ Kay, L. E., Ikura, M., Tschudin, R. & Bax, A. (1990). "Three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched proteins". J. Magn. Reson. 89: 296.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Wittekind, M. & Mueller, L. (1993). "HNCACB, a High-Sensitivy 3D NMR Experiment to Correlate Amide-Proton and Nitrogen Resonances with the Alpha- and Beta-Carbon Resonances in Proteins". J. Magn. Reson., Series B. B101: 201-205.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Yamazaki, T., Lee, W., Arrowsmith, C.H., Muhandiram, D.R. and Kay, L.E. (1994). "A Suite of Triple Resonance NMR Experiments for the Backbone Assignment of 15N, 13C, 2H Labeled Proteins with High Sensitivity". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116: 11655-11666.
  23. ↑ Kay, L. E., Wittikind, M., McCoy, M. A., Friedrichs, M. S. and Mueller, L. (1992). "4D NMR Triple-Resonance Experiments for Assignment of Protein Backbone Nuclei Using Shared Constant-Time Evolution Periods". J. Magn. Reson. 98: 443-450.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Panchal, SC, Bhavesh, NS & Hosur, RV (2001). "Improved 3D triple resonance experiments, HNN and HN(C)N, for HN and 15N sequential correlations in (13C, 15N) labeled proteins: Application to unfolded proteins". J. Biomol. NMR 20: 135-147.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Weisemann, R., Ruterjans, H. & Bermel, W. (1993). "3d Triple-resonance NMR techniques for the sequential assignment of NH and 15N resonances in 15N- and 13C-labelled proteins". J. Biomol. NMR 3: 113-120.
  26. ↑ Ikura, M., Kay, L. E. and Bax, A. (1990). "A novel approach for sequential assignment of proton, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 spectra of larger proteins: heteronuclear triple-resonance three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Application to calmodulin". Biochemistry 29: 4659-4667.
  27. ↑ Grzesiek, S. & Bax, A. (1997). "A three-dimensional NMR experiment with improved sensitivity for carbonyl-carbonyl J correlation in proteins". J. Biomol. NMR 9: 207-211.
  28. ↑ Grzesiek, S., Ikura, M., Clore, G.M., Gronenborn, A.M. & Bax, A. (1992). "A 3D Triple-Resonance Technique for Qualitative Measurement of Carbonyl-H J Couplings in Isotopically Enriched Proteins". J. Magn. Reson. 96: 215-221.
  29. ↑ Vuister, G.W. & Bax, A. (1993). "Quantitative J correlation: a new approach for measuring homonuclear three-bond J(HNH.alpha.) coupling constants in 15N-enriched proteins". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115: 7772-7777.
  30. ↑ Archer, S.J., Ikura, M., Torchia, D.A. & Bax, A. (1991). "An Alternative 3D NMR Technique for Correlating Backbone 15N with Side Chain H Resonances in Larger Proteins". J. Magn. Reson. 95: 636-641.
  31. ↑ Bodenhausen, G. & Ruben, D.J. (1980). "{{{title}}}". Chem. Phys. Lett. 69: 185-188.
  32. ↑ John, Plant & Hurd (1993). "Improved proton-detected heteronuclear correlation using gradient-enhanced Z and ZZ filters". J. Magn. Reson., Series A A101: 113-117.
  33. ↑ Kay, Keiffer and Saarinen (1992). "Pure absorption gradient enhanced heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy with improved sensitivity". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114: 10663-10665.
  34. ↑ Bax, A., Freeman, R. & Frenkiel, T.A. (1981). "An NMR technique for tracing out the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103: 2102-2104.
  35. ↑ Morris, G.A. & Freeman, R. (1979). "Enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals by polization transfer". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101: 760-762.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Bax, A., Delaglio, F., Grzesiek, S. and Vuister, G.W. (1994). "Resonance assignment of methionine methyl groups and 3 angular information from long-range proton-carbon and carbon-carbon J correlation in a calmodulin-peptide complex". J. Biomol. NMR 4: 787-797.
  37. ↑ Jeener, J., Meier, B.H., Bachmann, P. & Ernst, R.R. (1979). "{{{title}}}". J. Chem. Phys. 71: 4546-4563.
  38. ↑ Kumar, A., Ernst, R.R. & Wuthrich, K. (1980). "A two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (2D NOE) experiment for the elucidation of complete proton-proton cross-relaxation networks in biological macromolecules". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95: 1-6.
  39. ↑ Macura, S. & Ernst, R.R. (1980). "Elucidiation of cross relaxation in liquids by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy". Mol. Phys. 41: 95-117.
  40. ↑ Bothner-By, A.A., Stephens, R.L., Lee, J., Warren, C.D. and Jeanloz, R.W. (1984). "Structure determination of a tetrasaccharide: transient nuclear Overhauser effects in the rotating frame". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106: 811-813.
  41. ↑ Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J. (1992). "Cross relaxation without TOCSY: Transverse rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114: 3157-3159.
  42. ↑ Hwang, T.L. & Shaka, A.J. (1993). "Reliable two-dimensional rotating-frame cross-relaxation measurements in coupled spin systems". J. Magn. Reson. Series B B102: 155-165.
  43. ↑ Braunschweiler, L. & Ernst R.R. (1983). "{{{title}}}". J. Magn. Reson. 53: 521-528.
  44. ↑ Bax, A. and Davis, D. (1985). "MLEV-17 based two-dimensional homonuclear megnetization transfer spectroscopy". J. Magn. Reson. 65: 355-360.
  45. ↑ Piotto, M., Saudek, V. and Sklenar, V. (1992). "Gradient-tailored Excitation for Single-quantum NMR Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions". J. Biomol. NMR 2: 661.
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