Motivation: Difference between revisions
imported>Louise Valmoria (intro to motivation, setting up headers to work within) |
imported>Louise Valmoria (needs and drives in motivational theory) |
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Theories of motivation are used in practice within the fields of sports psychology to achieve set goals, and more recently within human resources departments in businesses in order to improve the productivity, commitment and retention of staff. | Theories of motivation are used in practice within the fields of sports psychology to achieve set goals, and more recently within human resources departments in businesses in order to improve the productivity, commitment and retention of staff. | ||
Studies on motivation make a distinction between needs and drives. '''Needs''' are deficiences (physiological or psychological) that may trigger a voluntary behavior to reduce those deficiencies or satisfy those needs. '''Drives''' have been defined as instinctive tendencies to seek particular goals, or maintain internal stability.<ref>Berridge, K.C. 'Motivation Concepts in Behavioural Neuroscience', Physiology & Behavior 81, no. 2 (2004) 179-209.</ref> | |||
==Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy== | ==Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy== | ||
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==Expectancy Theory of Motivation== | ==Expectancy Theory of Motivation== | ||
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Revision as of 19:25, 9 January 2008
Motivation refers to the forces within an individual that affect the direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behaviour. Theories of motivation are based in interpretations of human needs, which then result in behaviours to meet those needs. In general, motivation is considered to be what drives an individual to meet a particular goal, be it to resolve negative situations or for additional reward.
Theories of motivation are used in practice within the fields of sports psychology to achieve set goals, and more recently within human resources departments in businesses in order to improve the productivity, commitment and retention of staff.
Studies on motivation make a distinction between needs and drives. Needs are deficiences (physiological or psychological) that may trigger a voluntary behavior to reduce those deficiencies or satisfy those needs. Drives have been defined as instinctive tendencies to seek particular goals, or maintain internal stability.[1]
Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy
ERG Theory
Four-Drive Theory
Theory of Learned Needs
Expectancy Theory of Motivation
- ↑ Berridge, K.C. 'Motivation Concepts in Behavioural Neuroscience', Physiology & Behavior 81, no. 2 (2004) 179-209.