Lactam

Lactam structures.

In chemistry, a lactam is a cyclic amide. The name is derived from two chemical terms, lactone, referring to a cyclic ketone, and amide, a compound containing a nitrogen atom next to a carbonyl group. Lactams are named according to the size of the cyclic ring in the lactam: $\alpha$-lactams, $\beta$-lactams, $\gamma$-lactams and $\delta$-lactams contain rings made of three, four, five or six atoms, respectively. $\alpha$-lactams are also called aziridinones. Many widely used antibiotic drugs, including thepenicillins and cephalosporins, owe their activity to the presence of a $\beta$-lactam structure. The lactams may have substitutions added to the nitrogen atom or any of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms in the base structure.

Antibiotics

Base structure of all cephalosporins.

The $\beta$-lactam forms the center structure of many antibiotic drugs, such as the cephalosporins and the penicillins, as shown above.