Affine scheme

Definition

For a commutative ring $A$, the set $Spec(A)$ (called the prime spectrum of $A$) denotes the set of prime ideals of $A$. This set is endowed with a topology of closed sets, where closed subsets are defined to be of the form

$V(E)=\{p\in Spec(A)|p\supseteq E\}$

for any subset $E\subseteq A$. This topology of closed sets is called the Zariski topology on $Spec(A)$. It is easy to check that $V(E)=V\left((E)\right)=V({\sqrt {(E)}})$, where $(E)$ is the ideal of $A$ generated by $E$.

Some Topological Properties

$Spec(A)$ is Hausdorff

The Category of Affine Schemes

Regarding $Spec(\cdot )$ as a contravariant functor between the category of commutative rings and the category of affine schemes, one can show that it is in fact an anti-equivalence of categories.