Reactionless propulsion

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Support-less propulsion or inertial propulsion is technological concept of a an engine that moves a craft without to use any external body to push from, and without to launch away any its part (as rockets do).

History

The need to push anything in order to cause any movement was recognized well before Christ. The sentence GIVE ME A PLACE TO STAND AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH is attributed to Archimedes [1]. Since that time, there was not so many documents about the inertial propulsion. The most famous (and, according to the story, successful) intent of the support-less propulsion is attributed to Baron Munchausen [2]. Some projects offer the detailed schemes of the inertial propulsion engines [3].

Not so many researchers consider the support-less propulsion seriously, if at all. Indeed, such a propulsion contradicts the Frist law of Newton: there exist reference frames (so-called Inertial frame of reference) in which all bodies that are far from other bodies, move straight with constant speed or rest immobile. Traditionally, the Support-less propulsion was considered as a nonsense, as some equivalent of the perpetual motion that contradict the fundamental concepts of physics. Exploring the principle of equivalence of the gravitation and the inertial force, the support-less propulsion can be called also antigravity; the claims on the realization were area of science-fiction, circus illusionists and subject for jokes [4].

Revival of the inertial propulsion

The interest to the Support-less propulsion was boiled up in the beginning of century XXI in Russia, under condition of so-called "vertikal vlasti" (Transliteration from the russian Вертикаль власти) [5]. The superior political power and the ability to eliminate the critical authors [6] makes an impression of power not only over the Laws of the society, but also over the laws of physics. Within first years of the century XXI, several projects of the support-less propulsion were reported [7] [8]. The director of the Scientific Research Institute of Space Research and Production, Valery Menshikov was the most successful in getting funds for the inertial propulsion machine. His apparatus called "Gravitsapa" (transliteration from Russian гравицапа) is installed at the satellite "Yubileiny" (transliteration from Russian Юбилейный) and launched 24 May 2008 [9]. First, the claim was to realize the perpetual motion machine, then the claim was reduced to the inertial propulsion. [10]. Of order of milliard dollars are estimated to be necessary for such projects. [11]

Ctiricism

The inertial propulsion is developed mainly in Russia for the government's budget. The most of criticism is in Russian [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Mainly, the critics is based on the violation of conservation of the momentum and contains the indications that the distributors of the budget not know even the First law of Newton. Up to beginning of year 2010, no official denounce of the projects of the inertial propulsion was issued by the Russian government.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Lever/LeverIntro.html Archimedes home page, Introduction.
  2. ↑ http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/vrieser/papers/VerenaRieserThesis.pdf Verena Rieser. Bootstrapping Reinforcement Learning-based Dialogue Strategies from Wizard-of-Oz data. Dissertation zur Erlangung// akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie// der Philosophischen Fakultäten// der Universität des Saarlandes// Saarbrücken, 2008, page 81, Figure 4.1: Baron Münchhausen escaping from a swamp by pulling himself up by his own hair; after a novel by (Raspe, 1785), illustration by Hosemann (1840)
  3. ↑ http://www.invention-conception.com/inertialpropulsion.php Bastita Bernard. INERTIAL PROPULSION.
  4. ↑ http://www.metacafe.com/watch/448034/secret_science_anti_gravity_revealed_homemade/ Secret science antigravity released
  5. ↑ http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2001/05/russia-is-finished/2220/ Jeffrey Tayler. Russia Is Finished. ATLANTIC MAGAZINE, May 2001
  6. ↑ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/28/AR2009102804143.html Russia’s Political Murders. Washington Post, 29 October 2009.
  7. ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2005/space-050329-rianovosti01.htm Andrei KISLYAKOV. RUSSIA TO HELP DEVELOP NUCLEAR-POWERED SPACECRAFT. RIAN, 2005 March 29. Our institute's staffers have been developing a non-jet propulsion unit for several years in a row, Valery Menshikov, who heads this institute, said in mid-March. A liquid or solid-state propulsive mass moves along a preset tornado-shaped trajectory inside this engine, thereby ensuring sustainable propulsion. Quite possibly, we are witnessing a hitherto unknown interaction between the propulsive mass and little-studied fields, including the gravitation field, Menshikov explained.// This unique solar-powered engine will have a service life of at least 15 years, developers claim. And it can be switched on 300,000 times, or so.// The institute's scientists believe their invention can play the part of an attitude-control engine or thruster. It can also be installed on aircraft and ground vehicles.
  8. ↑ http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/Gennady-Shipov-2006.pdf Torsion Physics & Inertial Propulsion. Tim Ventura, Gennady Shipov. Inertial Propulsion in Russia, April 18th, 2006.
  9. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yubileiny : In April 2009 Russian news media reported that a 'perpetual motion' space engine had been tested on spacecraft: "Specialists of the Institute for Space Systems conducted successful tests of the perpetual motion machine in space," wrote 'Pravda' in Moscow. "Valery Menshikov, the director of the institute, said that the machine was installed at Yubileiny satellite which was launched into orbit almost a year ago. The satellite can now move from one orbit to another with the help of the engine, which discharges no reaction mass.// Menshikov continued, in a claim not verified by any Western space source: "The first tests were conducted in June and July of 2008. The tests revealed some problems that need further developments of the machine, but the orbital experiment was conducted successfully in general. (state for March 2, 2010)
  10. ↑ http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/14-04-2009/107399-Russian_scientists-0 Russian scientists test perpetual motion machine in space. "Pravda", 14.04.2009
  11. ↑ http://www.defesanet.com.br/space/russia_share.htm Anna Smolchenko Strategy for Space Industry. Moscow Times 07 Julho 2006: ..He added that the 21 percent production target was only achievable if the government tripled financing to the sector. Russia can meet that target if it starts producing Angara, a next generation rocket, but it needs 20 billion rubles ($740 million) to finish the project.
  12. ↑ http://www.gazeta.ru/news/lenta/2010/02/04/n_1452858.shtml Ученые начали проверку двигателя под названием "гравицапа". Газета.ru, 4 февраля 2010.(in Russian)
  13. ↑ http://annews.ru/news/detail.php?ID=211122 "Гравицапа" из фильма "Кин-дза-дза" "перекочевала" в космический аппарат. Агенство Национальных Новостей, 4 февраля 2010 года (in Russian)
  14. ↑ http://www.amic.ru/news/119104/ "Гравицапа" существует: российские ученые изобрели новый двигатель для космических кораблей. Мицубиси Галант, 4 февраля 2010 г.(in Russian)
  15. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/sci/tech/newsid_7418000/7418039.stm Россия запустила спутник с "вечным двигателем". BBC, 23 мая 2008 г: ... Четвертый - аппарат "Юбилейный", выпущенный акционерным обществом "Информационные спутниковые системы" в Железногорске Красноярского края в честь 50-летия запуска первого искусственного спутника Земли. Он примечателен, прежде всего, тем, что на нем установлен небывалый двигатель для коррекции орбиты, который его создатели окрестили "вечным". Это первый космический двигатель, работающий не на реактивном принципе, а за счет движения внутри него жидкого рабочего тела по определенной траектории, напоминающей торнадо. Энергию для этого будут давать солнечные батареи.
  16. ↑ http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=340005&cid=520 Игорь Лисов. Российская "Гравицапа" не взлетит. Вести, 4 февраля 2010 г.
  17. ↑ http://www.lenta.ru/articles/2010/02/05/down/ Ирина Якутенко. На орбите начались испытания двигателя, нарушающего законы физики. Лента.ру, 06 фев. 2010. (in Russian)
  18. ↑ http://grani.ru/Society/Science/m.174440.html Евгений Александров: "Гравицапа" противоречит законам физики. Грани, 06.фев.2010
  19. ↑ http://www.faraday.ru/ruswatervortex.html Фролов Александр Владимирович. Вихревой жидкостный движитель, 1991.(in Russian)
  20. ↑ http://lukamud.livejournal.com/16623.html "Гравицапа" генерала Меньшикова - заблуждение или попытка попасть в федеральную программу? Журнал Луки Мудищева, 4 feb. 2010. (in Russian)
  21. ↑ http://zhurnal.lib.ru/k/kuznecow_d_j/gravizapa.shtml Д.Кузнецов. Гравицапа. (In Russian)
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