Cookware and bakeware

Template:TOC-right Cooking utensils are the containers in which food is cooked, as well as various implements that manipulate the food. Basic types of pots, pans, casseroles, etc., have characteristic shapes, sometimes with subtle variations, but also can have quite different properties due to their materials.

Principally stovetop

These comprise the "pots and pans" category, which are usually used on a gas or electric heating element. Some are made of materials safe to put in an oven for slow heating, or under a broiler for browning.

Materials

While most of the cooking variation comes from the primary material of the part of the utensil that contacts the food and the heating utensil, handles, covers, and other accessories need to be considered. A given pan, for example, might not be able to go under a broiler because its handle cannot resist the heat there.

Some cookware is made of multiple materials that transfer heat. For example, stainless steel is a poor conductor of heat, but has the advantage of not reacting with foods and being easy to clean. Many high-grade stainless steel pots, therefore, are made of a sandwich of stainless steel covering aluminum.

Copper is the best practical conductor of heat, but it does react with some foods, even producing toxic chemicals in some cases. Most copper cooking utensils are lined with a thin coating of relatively inert tin.

Cast iron

Cast iron utensils come in plain metal, or with various types of factory coatings. These utensils share the property of having good heat retention and spreading heat evenly. Cast iron utensils are generally the heaviest for a given shape, but need to be handled with care, because they will crack or break if dropped on a hard surface.

Uncoated cast iron, without treatment, will rust if allowed to dry while wet. Some cast iron utensils, such as griddles, never contain large amounts of fluid, and can be wiped dry and safely put into storage, perhaps with light oiling.

More commonly, uncoated cast iron is seasoned, or treated with oil and heat until a thin, stick-resistant film forms on the surface. Even though a new uncoated pan may be a metallic gray when first purchased, a properly seasoned surface will become black.

There are a number of ceramic coatings for cast iron, some of which are extremely durable and extremely expensive, but the more reputable manufacturers offer lifetime guarantees.

Rolled steel

Lightweight steel, almost always coated with a ceramic, is popular for such things as large vessels for boiling and steaming seafood, or preparing stocks and sauces. This is also common in home-grade ovenware. Thin rolled steel, which also must be seasoned if it does not have a factory coating, also transfers heat well and can be very useful for quick sauteing.

While the color can vary, the most common ceramic in the U.S. is a dark blue dappled with white spots. If the ceramic cracks from the surface, the steel underneath will rust, but there are repair coatings that can be brushed onto small areas. This type of cookware is relatively inexpensive, so a seriously rusted piece is reasonable to replace.

Shapes

Deep

Stock and sauce

A stockpot is straight-sided, taller than wide, and is most often anodized aluminum or stainless steel. They also may be in ceramic-coated steel. Cast iron would be far too heavy to use for a large stockpot. Some are very large, and may have a spigot at the bottom so liquid can be drained without lifting a heavy vessel. Indeed, many commercial kitchens have water faucets over the stove, for filling large stockpots; some commercial and home chefs place the stockpot on the stove after putting in the ingredients other than water, and then fill it with a hose. They usually have two handles.

Saucepots are still deep vessels, but relatively wider and shorter than a stockpot of equivalent size. Their increased surface area helps reduce the volume of liquid, as might be desired for a soup. They most often have two loop handles.

While generally keeping the proportions of saucepots, saucepans have a single long handle, which, even if metal, may not conduct heat well so it can be grasped without hand protection. Large saucepans may have a supplementary loop handle on the side opposite the long handle.

Specialized

Asparagus steamers are even narrower, for their height, than a stockpot. They are equipped with a lift-out basket, often of fairly widely spaced wire. These can be used for other boiled foods, such as corn on the cob.

Pasta cookers, especially those intended for long pasta such as spaghetti, may be much like an asparagus steamer, only with a tighter mesh or perforated metal basket. Pasta cookers optimized for small pieces of pasta tend to be wider.