Perioperative care: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
===Myocardial infarction=== | ===Myocardial infarction=== | ||
In noncardiac surgery, myocardial ischemia is more common during the postoperative period than during or before surgery.<ref name="pmid2247116">{{cite journal |author=Mangano DT, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau JF, Tateo IM |title=Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=323 |issue=26 |pages=1781–8 |year=1990 |month=December |pmid=2247116 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref> | |||
In [[coronary artery bypass]] surgery, ischemia is common after release of aortic occlusion.<ref name="pmid9066323">{{cite journal |author=Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, ''et al.'' |title=Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group |journal=Anesthesiology |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=576–91 |year=1997 |month=March |pmid=9066323 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0003-3022&volume=86&issue=3&spage=576 |issn=}}</ref> | |||
Perioperative [[myocardial infarction]] has been reviewed.<ref name="pmid16157727">{{cite journal |author=Devereaux PJ, Goldman L, Cook DJ, Gilbert K, Leslie K, Guyatt GH |title=Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk |journal=CMAJ |volume=173 |issue=6 |pages=627–34 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16157727 |pmc=1197163 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.050011 |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16157727 |issn=}}</ref> | Perioperative [[myocardial infarction]] has been reviewed.<ref name="pmid16157727">{{cite journal |author=Devereaux PJ, Goldman L, Cook DJ, Gilbert K, Leslie K, Guyatt GH |title=Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk |journal=CMAJ |volume=173 |issue=6 |pages=627–34 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16157727 |pmc=1197163 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.050011 |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16157727 |issn=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 10:42, 31 July 2009
- See also preoperative care
Perioperative care is defined as "interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery."[1]
[]
Classification
Intraoperative Care
Postoperative Care
Components of postoperative care may include incentive spirometry.
Complications
Myocardial infarction
In noncardiac surgery, myocardial ischemia is more common during the postoperative period than during or before surgery.[2]
In coronary artery bypass surgery, ischemia is common after release of aortic occlusion.[3]
Perioperative myocardial infarction has been reviewed.[4]
Myocardial infarction is usually NSTEMI.[5][2][6] Transmural infarctions may occur, but tend to occur later (one week) during hospitalization and are more likely to be transmural.[5]
Older studies showed higher mortality, perhaps due to only detecting large infarctions.[7]
Specific interventions
Medical consultation
The benefits of medical consultation are not clear in an observational study.[8]
Blood transfusions
Among patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafting, there may be no meaningful difference between transfusing to maintain a hemoglobin levels > 8 g/dL versus a hemoglobin levels > 9 g/dL.[9] However, hemoglobin levels < 8 g/dL may increase complications.[10]
Glucose control
Regarding intraoperative control of glucose, a randomized controlled trial concluded "the increased incidence of death and stroke in the intensive treatment group raises concern about routine implementation of this intervention."[11]
References
- ↑ National Library of Medicine. Perioperative care. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mangano DT, Browner WS, Hollenberg M, London MJ, Tubau JF, Tateo IM (December 1990). "Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (26): 1781–8. PMID 2247116. [e]
- ↑ Jain U, Laflamme CJ, Aggarwal A, et al. (March 1997). "Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes and their association with myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass surgery. A multicenter study. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group". Anesthesiology 86 (3): 576–91. PMID 9066323. [e]
- ↑ Devereaux PJ, Goldman L, Cook DJ, Gilbert K, Leslie K, Guyatt GH (September 2005). "Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk". CMAJ 173 (6): 627–34. DOI:10.1503/cmaj.050011. PMID 16157727. PMC 1197163. Research Blogging.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cohen MC, Aretz TH (1999). "Histological analysis of coronary artery lesions in fatal postoperative myocardial infarction". Cardiovasc. Pathol. 8 (3): 133–9. PMID 10722235. [e]
Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pmid10722235" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Badner NH, Knill RL, Brown JE, Novick TV, Gelb AW (March 1998). "Myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery". Anesthesiology 88 (3): 572–8. PMID 9523798. [e]
- ↑ Plumlee JE, Boettner RB (July 1972). "Myocardial infarction during and following anesthesia and operation". South. Med. J. 65 (7): 886–9. PMID 5038186. [e]
- ↑ Auerbach AD, Rasic MA, Sehgal N, Ide B, Stone B, Maselli J (2007). "Opportunity missed: medical consultation, resource use, and quality of care of patients undergoing major surgery". Arch. Intern. Med. 167 (21): 2338–44. DOI:10.1001/archinte.167.21.2338. PMID 18039993. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Bracey AW, Radovancevic R, Riggs SA, et al (1999). "Lowering the hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in coronary artery bypass procedures: effect on patient outcome". Transfusion 39 (10): 1070–7. PMID 10532600. [e]
- ↑ Carson JL, Noveck H, Berlin JA, Gould SA (2002). "Mortality and morbidity in patients with very low postoperative Hb levels who decline blood transfusion". Transfusion 42 (7): 812–8. PMID 12375651. [e]
- ↑ Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al (2007). "Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (4): 233–43. PMID 17310047. [e]