English spellings/Catalogs/Apostrophe: Difference between revisions
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{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | {{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}} | ||
{{:English spellings/Accents}} | |||
The '''[[apostrophe]]''' is shaped (in fonts where there are different shapes) like a 9, not a 6, as shown, for example, in initial position in the examples listed below. (This contrasts with the use of [[inverted commas]], where the opening one is shaped like a 6—or there can be two: 66—and the closing one like a 9—or 99: "sixty-sixes and ninety-nines".) | |||
==Initial== | ==Initial== | ||
Some words that begin with an apostrophe, where it signifies a letter or letters unpronounced in quoted speech, are: | Some words that begin with an apostrophe, where it signifies a letter or letters unpronounced in quoted speech, are: | ||
''''ālf''' ''half'' *āf, cf. '''Álf''' ''Alfred | |||
''''át''' ''hat'' = '''át''' ''preposition | ''''át''' ''hat'' = '''át''' ''preposition | ||
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'''’em''' ''them'' = '''um''' ''hmmm'' *əm | '''’em''' ''them'' = '''um''' ''hmmm'' *əm | ||
''''ër''' ''her | ''''ër''' ''her'' = '''ërr''' ''error | ||
''''êre''' ''here'' = '''êar''' ''hearing'', cf. '''ére''' ''before | |||
''''ërs''' ''her'' = '''ërrs''' ''error'' *ërz | |||
''''ím''' ''him | ''''ím''' ''him | ||
''''ís''' ''him'' = '''ís''' ''are'' *íz | |||
''''ŏrse''' ''horse | ''''ŏrse''' ''horse | ||
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''''òuse''' ''house | ''''òuse''' ''house | ||
'''’tís''' and '''’tẁas''' | '''’tís''' and '''’tẁas''': poetic and/or archaic use of initial apostrophe, replacing omitted initial '''í''' of '''ít ís''' and '''ít ẁas''' | ||
==Final and medial== | ==Final and medial== | ||
Final apostrophes follow an '''s''' to form the genitive plural of nouns ('''Mánx cáts' tâils'''); otherwise, like initial and medial apostrophes, they signify a missing (because unpronounced in quoted speech) letter or letters, as in '''gôin'''' for '''gôing''' ('''n''' sound replacing '''ng''' sound). Where it replaces a '''t''' or '''d''', this final apostrophe may be pronounced as a [[glottal stop]]; otherwise final apostrophes are silent. | Final apostrophes follow an '''s''' to form the genitive plural of nouns ('''Mánx cáts' tâils'''); otherwise, like initial and medial apostrophes, they signify a missing (because unpronounced in quoted speech) letter or letters, as in '''gôin'''' for '''gôing''' ('''n''' sound replacing '''ng''' sound). Where it replaces a '''t''' or '''d''', this final apostrophe may be pronounced as a [[glottal stop]] ("glo'al stop"); otherwise final apostrophes are silent. | ||
Some words with final apostrophes, in [[English spellings#Word lists|retroalphabetical]] order, are: | |||
'''ẁha'''' | |||
'''síngin' | '''síngin' | ||
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'''hávin' | '''hávin' | ||
cf. '''pêople's''': përsons' | cf. '''pêople's''': '''përsons' | ||
'''cáts' | '''cáts' | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:40, 19 June 2016
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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| Use in English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alphabetical word list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retroalphabetical list | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common misspellings |
- The accents show stress and pronunciation (see English spellings): A: sát, mâde, pàrk, cāst (cást/càst), åll, ãir; E: ére, êar, vèin, fërn; I: sít, mîne, skì, bïrd; O: sóng, môde, lòve, wörd, ŏr; OO: moôn, foòt; U: sún, mûse, fùll, pürr; W: neŵ, ẁant; Y: gým, mŷ, keỳ, mÿrrh.
The apostrophe is shaped (in fonts where there are different shapes) like a 9, not a 6, as shown, for example, in initial position in the examples listed below. (This contrasts with the use of inverted commas, where the opening one is shaped like a 6—or there can be two: 66—and the closing one like a 9—or 99: "sixty-sixes and ninety-nines".)
Initial
Some words that begin with an apostrophe, where it signifies a letter or letters unpronounced in quoted speech, are:
'ālf half *āf, cf. Álf Alfred
'át hat = át preposition
’em them = um hmmm *əm
'ër her = ërr error
'êre here = êar hearing, cf. ére before
'ërs her = ërrs error *ërz
'ím him
'ís him = ís are *íz
'ŏrse horse
'òuse house
’tís and ’tẁas: poetic and/or archaic use of initial apostrophe, replacing omitted initial í of ít ís and ít ẁas
Final and medial
Final apostrophes follow an s to form the genitive plural of nouns (Mánx cáts' tâils); otherwise, like initial and medial apostrophes, they signify a missing (because unpronounced in quoted speech) letter or letters, as in gôin' for gôing (n sound replacing ng sound). Where it replaces a t or d, this final apostrophe may be pronounced as a glottal stop ("glo'al stop"); otherwise final apostrophes are silent.
Some words with final apostrophes, in retroalphabetical order, are:
ẁha'
síngin'
còmin'
*dûín' doin'
gôin'
hávin'
cf. pêople's: përsons'
cáts'