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== Safety references == | |||
There are several safety-related concerns with anhydrous ammonia, or aqueous solution. It is a respiratory irritant that, if released, is a hazard to life. Release could take place through simple industrial or transportation accident, by a deliberate release caused by terrorists, or by diversion and improper handling by those using it as an intermediate in the illegal synthesis of methamphetamines. | |||
A farm "nurse tank" for dispensing ammonia as fertilizer contains approximately 2,500 pounds, so any farm with four or more nurse tanks probably needs to assess its safety. It should be noted that "storage" includes industrial refrigeration systems that contain the "trigger quantity" of 10,000 pounds or more of ammonia. | |||
In transport, ammonia containers must have proper hazardous material placards, and, if the trigger quantity is exceeded, may need additional safeguards, such as reporting the shipment to industry monitoring services such as CHEMTREC <ref name=Chemtrec>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.chemtrec.com/Chemtrec/ | |||
| title = CHEMTREC: the 24-hour HAZMAT Communications Center}}</ref> or additional local agencies. There may be restrictions on transporting hazardous materials through tunnels, or possibly streets in high-density areas. | |||
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, citing its major concern as toxic release, lists anhydrous ammonia, or mixtures containing at least 1 percent ammonia, when stored in quantites of 10,000 pounds or more, as a chemical of interest, <ref name=DHS-CoI> {{citation | url = http://www.dhs.gov/xprevprot/programs/gc_1185897486043.shtm | |||
| date = November 20, 2007 | |||
| title = 6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule | |||
| author = U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> which falls under the Risk for Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) regulations and guidance. <ref name=DHS6CF27> {{citation | url = http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/chemsec_appendixa-chemicalofinterestlist.pdf | |||
| title = DHS Finalizes List of Chemicals Subject to Anti-terrorism Regs}}</ref> Organizations that store or transport more than the threshold quantity of 10,000 pounds, or believe they are at a higher than normal risk, should use the Chemical Security Assessment Tool <ref name=CSAT>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.dhs.gov/xprevprot/programs/gc_1169501486197.shtm | |||
| author = U.S. Department of Homeland Security | |||
| title = Chemical Security Assessment Tool}}</ref> | |||
The Environmental Protection Agency has issued an additional safeguards document, with special emphasis on theft. <ref name=EPANH3>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/eoe/docs/csalert.pdf | |||
| title = Chemical Safety Alert: Anhydrous Ammonia Theft | |||
| author = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | |||
| date = March 2000}}</ref> | |||
==References== | |||
Revision as of 13:40, 23 September 2008
Safety references
There are several safety-related concerns with anhydrous ammonia, or aqueous solution. It is a respiratory irritant that, if released, is a hazard to life. Release could take place through simple industrial or transportation accident, by a deliberate release caused by terrorists, or by diversion and improper handling by those using it as an intermediate in the illegal synthesis of methamphetamines.
A farm "nurse tank" for dispensing ammonia as fertilizer contains approximately 2,500 pounds, so any farm with four or more nurse tanks probably needs to assess its safety. It should be noted that "storage" includes industrial refrigeration systems that contain the "trigger quantity" of 10,000 pounds or more of ammonia.
In transport, ammonia containers must have proper hazardous material placards, and, if the trigger quantity is exceeded, may need additional safeguards, such as reporting the shipment to industry monitoring services such as CHEMTREC [1] or additional local agencies. There may be restrictions on transporting hazardous materials through tunnels, or possibly streets in high-density areas.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, citing its major concern as toxic release, lists anhydrous ammonia, or mixtures containing at least 1 percent ammonia, when stored in quantites of 10,000 pounds or more, as a chemical of interest, [2] which falls under the Risk for Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) regulations and guidance. [3] Organizations that store or transport more than the threshold quantity of 10,000 pounds, or believe they are at a higher than normal risk, should use the Chemical Security Assessment Tool [4]
The Environmental Protection Agency has issued an additional safeguards document, with special emphasis on theft. [5]
References
- ↑ CHEMTREC: the 24-hour HAZMAT Communications Center
- ↑ U.S. Department of Homeland Security (November 20, 2007), 6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule
- ↑ DHS Finalizes List of Chemicals Subject to Anti-terrorism Regs
- ↑ U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Assessment Tool
- ↑ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (March 2000), Chemical Safety Alert: Anhydrous Ammonia Theft