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For definitions of the terms shown in ''italics'', see the related articles subpage of the main article.
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''See also the [[Subprime mortgage crisis/Timelines|subprime mortgage timeline]], the [[Bank failures and rescues/Timelines|bank failures and rescues timeline]]and the [[Recession of 2009/Timelines|recession of 2009 timeline]]''


==Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000) ==
* Banking [[Banking#Deregulation| deregulation]] measures are introduced in  the USA, [http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/8000-4100.html][http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/wallstreet/weill/demise.html], the UK [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1986/cukpga_19860053_en_1] and elsewhere [http://www.bis.org/publ/econ43.pdf?noframes=1].


==The 1980s==
* In the US [[Bank failures and rescues# The United States Savings and Loans crisis| Savings and Loans crisis]] - 296 US "Savings and Loans" mortgage lenders  fail[http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/banking/2000dec/brv13n2_2.pdf] [http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/banking/2000dec/brv13n2_2.pdf] (1986–1995).
'''Financial deregulation'''  In the USA [http://landru.i-link-2.net/monques/dereg80.html], [http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/8000-4100.html], the UK [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1986/cukpga_19860053_en_1] and elsewhere [http://www.bis.org/publ/econ43.pdf?noframes=1].


'''Savings and Loans crisis''' - Failure of 296 US "''Savings and Loans''" mortgage lenders [http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/banking/2000dec/brv13n2_2.pdf]
* The 1987 stock market crash [http://www.federalreserve.gov/Pubs/feds/2007/200713/200713pap.pdf].


'''1987 stock market crash''' [http://www.federalreserve.gov/Pubs/feds/2007/200713/200713pap.pdf].
* There are [[Bank failures and rescues|banking crises]] in Switzerland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan and the United States [http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_wp13.pdf?noframes=1].


==The 1990s==
* The [[Bank failures and rescues#The Asian banking crisis|Asian banking crisis]] [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/api078.pdf] ( 1997-8).


The decade:
* The ''Long Term Capital Management'' [[hedge fund]] fails and is rescued[http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/reports/hedgfund.pdf] (1998)
:: Banking crises in Switzerland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan and the US [http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_wp13.pdf?noframes=1].
::Failure of a further 451 US "Savings and Loans" mortgage lenders.


1997-8 '''Asian banking crisis''' [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/api078.pdf].
* The "Dot.com" crash (2000)


1998 '''LTCM rescue''' [http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/reports/hedgfund.pdf]
==Prelude to the Crash (2001 - June 2007)==
* The annual issue of  US mortgage-backed bonds increases from ~ $500 billion to over $2,000 billion [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7302341.stm]


1999 Savings and Loans rescue costs to US taxpayers reach $129 billion [http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/banking/2000dec/brv13n2_2.pdf].
* 2001 to Q3 2006 A US housing boom  in which the average price rises by 80% [http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/index/CSHomePrice_History_102626.xls] .


==2000-2006==
* : The Federal Reserve makes a series of [[discount rate]] increases (increasing the federal funds rate from 1 per cent in 2003 to 5.25 per cent in 2006)[http://www.harpfinancial.com/InterestRateHistory/FederalFundsRate.htm].


'''US mortgage growth''' Annual issue of mortgage-backed bonds up from ~ $500 billion to over $2,000 billion [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7302341.stm]
* Q3 2006 to Q2 2007 US house prices fall to 8% below 2006 peak ()[http://money.cnn.com/2007/05/14/real_estate/first_quarter_NAR_prices/index.htm].


'''US housing boom''' Average price rises 80% [http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/index/CSHomePrice_History_102626.xls] .
* US mortgage foreclosures surge [http://realestate.msn.com/buying/articlenewhome.aspx?cp-documentid=340866] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7073131.stm].


US mortgage foreclosures increase [http://realestate.msn.com/buying/articlenewhome.aspx?cp-documentid=340866].
* The values of  bank assets suffer large reductions  (including the assets of the ''Bank of America'' and ''Citigroup'' banks in the US, the ''Barclays'' and ''HSBC'' banks in the UK, the ''BNP Paribas'' bank in France, and ''Credit Suisse''  bank in Switzerland.


==The year 2007  (summary)==
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>


'''US house prices fall''' throughout 2007 (fall 8% below 2006 peak) [http://money.cnn.com/2007/05/14/real_estate/first_quarter_NAR_prices/index.htm].
==The Crash stage 1  (June - July 2007)==


Further increases in '''US Mortgage defaults and foreclosures'''  [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7073131.stm].
===2007===


Large '''bank writedowns''' and losses at Bank of America, Barclays, BNP Paribas, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Citigroup and HSBC.
====June ====
* Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s Investor Services downgrade over 100 bonds backed by  subprime mortgages.


==2007==
*12 Two of the ''Bear Stearns''''  [[investment bank]]'s [[hedge fund]]s  are threatened by losses from mortgage [[default (finance)|defaults]] [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&refer=home&sid=aYDTeHYnV3ms].


===June===
*15 The ''Moody's'' [[credit rating agency]] cuts its ratings on bonds totalling $3billion.
25 Two Bear Stearns ''hedge funds'' threatened by losses from mortgage defaults [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&refer=home&sid=aYDTeHYnV3ms].


===August===
====July====


2 German '''IKB bank rescue''' [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7017b0c0-411a-11dc-8f37-0000779fd2ac.html]
*11 Standard and Poor’s places 612 securities backed by subprime residential mortgages on a credit watch.


6 '''American Home Mortgage bankrupt''' [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article2208983.ece].
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>


9 French bank '''BNP Paribas freezes funds''' because it is .unable to value its US mortgage-backed assets. [http://invest.bnpparibas.com/en/news/default.asp?Code=LPOI-75W9PV]
==The Crash stage 2 (August 2007 - September 2008)==


-'''Collapse of interbank market''' [http://www.gata.org/node/5802].
===2007===


===September===
====August====
* 2 Germany's  ''IKB'' bank is rescued from [[bankruptcy]] [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7017b0c0-411a-11dc-8f37-0000779fd2ac.html]


UK '''Northern Rock bank run''' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6996136.stm]
* 6 The ''American Home Mortgage'' becomes [[bankruptcy|bankrupt]] [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article2208983.ece].


==2008==
* 9 The [[European Central Bank]] announces the issue of 94 billion euros requested by European banks [http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2007/08/ecb-makes-unprecedented-infusion-in.html]<br>


===January===
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''The French ''BNP Paribas'' bank  freezes several of its [[fund (finance)|funds]] because it is unable to value their bonds that are backed by US house mortgages.''' [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&refer=home&sid=aNIJ.UO9Pzxw]<br>


US mortgage lender '''Countrywide sold''' to Bank of America after its share price drops by 48% [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7183221.stm].
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[interbank market]] suffers a virtual collapse [http://www.gata.org/node/5802].


===February===
* 15 The US major mortgage lender ''Countrywide'' announces a large increase in [[subprime mortgage]] defaults.


'''Northern Rock''' bank '''nationalised'''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7249575.stm].
* 17 The US [[Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve]] cuts its [[discount rate]] by 0.5% to 5.75%.


===March===
* 31 The US ''National Association of Realtors'' announces an expected fall in house prices (the first since the 1930s)


'''Bear Stearns rescued''' [http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSN1438968020080315]
====September====
* 13 BBC's Robert Peston reports that the ''Northern Rock'' bank was seeking help from the Bank of England.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;UK ''Northern Rock'' bank [[Run (banking)| bank run]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6996136.stm]


===April===
====December====
* 12 The Federal Reserve Board announces the creation of a Term Auction Facility (TAF) in which fixed amounts of term funds will be auctioned to depository institutions against a wide variety of collateral. The bank authorizes temporary reciprocal currency arrangements (swap lines) with the European Central Bank  and the Swiss National Bank . The Federal Reserve states that it will provide up to $20 billion and $4 billion to the European Central Bank  and the Swiss National Bank, respectively, for up to 6 months [http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20071212a.htm].


Global subprime crisis costs could reach $1 trillion (IMF estimate) [http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/04/08/business/imf.php].
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>


===June===
===2008===


US house prices 20% below 2006 peak [http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/en/us/page.topic/indices_csmahp/0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1,0,0,0,0,0.html].  
====January====
* US mortgage lender ''Countrywide'' sold to ''Bank of America'' after its share price drops by 48% [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7183221.stm].


===August===
====February====
* The ''Northern Rock'' bank is "nationalised'' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7249575.stm].


''' ''Fannie Mae'' and ''Freddie Mac'' rescued''' [http://nreionline.com/property/multifamily/real_estate_senate_okays_fannie/].
====March====
* '''The ''Bear Stearns'' [[investment bank]] is rescued '''[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSN1438968020080315] - the  ''JP Morgan Chase'' bank agrees to buy ''Bear Stearns'' for $10 a share (compared with previous week's market price of $18 and previous October's price of $131), supported by Treasury Department guarantees limiting losses on the purchase to $1 billion, and by Federal Reserve purchases of $30 billion of Bear's Assets. {GT258}


===September===
====April====
* The [[International Monetary  Fund]] estimates that the global  crisis costs could reach $1 trillion  [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/index.htm].


'''''Fannie Mae'' and ''Freddie Mac'' nationalised '''[http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/government-seied-fannie-mae-freddie-mac/].
* Bank of England announces its ''Special Liquidity Scheme'' to allow banks to swap some of their [[Liquidity|illiquid]] assets for liquid Treasury [[Bills]] for up to three years [http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/markets/sls/sls-information.pdf].


12 '''Lehman Brothers are bankrupt'''[http://www.lehman.com/press/pdf_2008/091508_lbhi_chapter11_announce.pdf] with losses of $160 billion to holders of its unsecured bonds.
====June====
* US house prices fall to 20% below  their 2006 peak [http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/en/us/page.topic/indices_csmahp/0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1,0,0,0,0,0.html].  


16 US money market's '''Reserve Primary Fund''' writes off $785m Lehman holding and its investors suffer asset value loss [http://www.usnews.com/blogs/new-money/2008/9/17/reserve-primary-fund-investors-may-lose.html].
====July====
* The crude oil price peaks at $145 per barrel (compared with $70 in July 2007)[http://www.nyse.tv/crude-oil-price-history.htm]


:'''Money market panic''' [http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080919/bs_nm/financial_treasury_dc].
====August====
* The government-sponsored  house mortgage lenders [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]] are rescued from [[bankruptcy]] [http://nreionline.com/property/multifamily/real_estate_senate_okays_fannie/].


17 '''American Insurance Group nationalised''' [http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/16/news/companies/AIG/?postversion=2008091710].
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>


:UK's '''Halifax/Bank of Scotland (HBOS)''' accepts rescue bid from Lloyds TSB [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7622380.stm].
==The Crash stage 3 (September - December 2008)==


18 '''Paulson Rescue plan''' proposed (US Treasury  scheme to take "toxic assets" out of the US banking system) [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/33d2214e-8968-11dd-8371-0000779fd18c.html]
===2008===


:UK temporary ban on ''short selling'' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7624012.stm].
====September====
* 7  [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]] are "nationalised" [http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/government-seied-fannie-mae-freddie-mac/].


19 '''Fed'''eral Reserve Bank ready '''to finance loans from the ''money market''' [http://biz.yahoo.com/rb/080919/financial_fed.html?.v=5].  
* 12''' The US ''Lehman Brothers'' [[investment bank]] is  [[bankruptcy|bankrupt]] '''[http://www.lehman.com/press/pdf_2008/091508_lbhi_chapter11_announce.pdf][http://lehmanreport.jenner.com/][http://www.sec.gov/news/testimony/2010/ts042010mls.htm] with losses of $365 billion to insurers of its bonds.  
: Negotiations with possible private sector rescuers fail  [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/23/business/economy/23paulson.html]


23 '''Fed'''eral Reserve Bank '''protects'''  '''Goldman Sachs''' and '''Morgan Stanley ''' banks[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3119223e-8906-11dd-a179-0000779fd18c.html].
* 16  $785m worth of  ''Lehman Brother's''  [[fund]]s are written off and [[money market]]  investors suffer a massive loss [http://www.usnews.com/blogs/new-money/2008/9/17/reserve-primary-fund-investors-may-lose.html].
: panic in the [[money market]]  and the virtual collapse of the [[interbank market]]


26 '''Washington Mutual closed''' by regulator. Assets sold to JPMorgan Chase [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7637026.stm].
*17 The ''American Insurance Group'' is  "nationalised" [http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/16/news/companies/AIG/?postversion=2008091710].


: '''Central Banks offer extra loans''' to banks. Coordinated action by US, UK, European and Swiss central banks [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7637097.stm].
*UK's ''Halifax/Bank of Scotland'' bank is rescued from [[bankruptcy]] by a bid from Lloyds TSB [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7622380.stm].


28 UK bank '''Bradford and Bingley nationalised''' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7640143.stm].
*18 Paulson Rescue plan proposed (US Treasury scheme to take "toxic assets" out of the US banking system) [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/33d2214e-8968-11dd-8371-0000779fd18c.html]


: Multiple European bank rescues [http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20080929/tbs-uk-fortis-7318940.html].
* The UK Government imposes a temporary ban on [[Selling short|short selling]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7624012.stm].


===October===
* 19  [[The Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve]] announces that it is  ready to finance loans from the [[money market]] [http://biz.yahoo.com/rb/080919/financial_fed.html?.v=5].


3 Modified Treasury '''Paulson Rescue plan approved''' by Congress [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7651761.stm].
* 23  The Federal Reserve Board announces a scheme to protect the  ''Goldman Sachs'' and ''Morgan Stanley ''  investment  banks from failure [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3119223e-8906-11dd-a179-0000779fd18c.html].
 
* 26  The ''Washington Mutual'' bank is  closed  and its assets are sold to  the ''JP Morgan Chase'' bank [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7637026.stm].
 
* Coordinated support is provided to their banks  by US, UK, European and Swiss [[central bank]]s [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7637097.stm].
 
* 28 The UK ''Bradford and Bingley'' is "nationalised" [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7640143.stm].
 
:Multiple European bank rescues [http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20080929/tbs-uk-fortis-7318940.html].
 
* 30 Iceland's ''Glitnir'' bank is "nationalised" [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business
/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4849302.ece].
 
: The Irish government announces that it will guarantee all deposits in Irish banks - assuming a  liability of €440 billion: more than twice Ireland’s gross domestic product[http://www.economist.com/node/12343013].
 
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>
 
====October 1-7====
* 3 The (modified)  $700 billion [[Paulson Plan]] (to purchase toxic assets) approved by Congress [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7651761.stm].
 
: The Dutch ''Fortis'' and ''ABN Amro'' banks are "nationalised"  [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f93a9b08-91ad-11dd-b5cd-0000779fd18c.html].
 
: The German ''Hypo Real Estate'' bank is rescued [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3692522,00.html]
 
: Iceland suffers an economic crisis [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7653750.stm].
 
* 6 The US ''Wachovia Corporation'' is  to be rescued by a takeover by the ''Wells Fargo'' bank [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3692522,00.html].
 
* 7 More European bank rescues [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4894402.ece].
 
:UK credit insurer withdraws cover [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article4894115.ece].
 
==Systemic rescue==
====October====
* 8  UK Chancellor of the Exchequer announces unlimited support to all UK banks. His  £500 billion  ''bank rescue plan'' undertakes to inject capital or  take [[equity]] in banks and to guarantee [[interbank lending]], as required  [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7658307.stm] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7658277.stm].
 
* 11 US President Bush  announces a  similar bank rescue plan  [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/business/12imf.html].
 
* 12  European Union  leaders  agree to adopt similar bank rescue plan [http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fg-euecon13-2008oct13,1,7737780.story].
 
* 19  A German bank rescue plan is  agreed [http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,585156,00.html].
 
* 21 The US  Federal Reserve Bank offers $540 billion loan support to [[money market]] mutual funds [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=ajw94.nC0a5w&refer=home].
 
* 25  Denmark's  ''Roskilde'' is bank to be taken over by its [[central bank]] [http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2008/08/25/1782809-danish-central-bank-rescues-nations-no-10-bank].
 
<small>
[[Crash of 2008/Timelines#Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)|'''(RETURN TO TOP)''']]
</small>
 
====November====
* 12 A US government plan to purchase "toxic assets" is abandoned [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/credit_crisis/bailout_plan/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier] [http://www.treasury.gov/press/releases/hp1265.htm]
 
* 23 The US ''Citigroup'' bank is rescued (the US government makes $20 billion cash injection and guarantees against loss on $306 billion of illiquid assets [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/24/business/24citibank.html?_r=1&scp=2&sq=Citigroup%20rescue&st=cse] [http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/hp1287.htm] [http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/reports/cititermsheet_112308.pdf][http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122747680752551447.html?mod=special_page_campaign2008_mostpop]
 
: The US Federal Reserve Bank promises to buy up to $500 billion worth of mortgage-backed securities guarantee by [[Fannie  Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]] and up to $100billion worth of their direct debt [http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12689745].
 
:''(for later events see the [[Recession of 2009/Timelines|recession of 2009 timeline]])''

Latest revision as of 01:59, 27 October 2013

This article is developed but not approved.
Main Article
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A timeline (or several) relating to Crash of 2008.

See also the subprime mortgage timeline, the bank failures and rescues timelineand the recession of 2009 timeline

Deregulation and pre-Crash crisis (1980 - 2000)

  • The 1987 stock market crash [7].
  • There are banking crises in Switzerland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Japan and the United States [8].
  • The Long Term Capital Management hedge fund fails and is rescued[10] (1998)
  • The "Dot.com" crash (2000)

Prelude to the Crash (2001 - June 2007)

  • The annual issue of US mortgage-backed bonds increases from ~ $500 billion to over $2,000 billion [11]
  • 2001 to Q3 2006 A US housing boom in which the average price rises by 80% [12] .
  • : The Federal Reserve makes a series of discount rate increases (increasing the federal funds rate from 1 per cent in 2003 to 5.25 per cent in 2006)[13].
  • Q3 2006 to Q2 2007 US house prices fall to 8% below 2006 peak ()[14].
  • US mortgage foreclosures surge [15] [16].
  • The values of bank assets suffer large reductions (including the assets of the Bank of America and Citigroup banks in the US, the Barclays and HSBC banks in the UK, the BNP Paribas bank in France, and Credit Suisse bank in Switzerland.

(RETURN TO TOP)

The Crash stage 1 (June - July 2007)

2007

June

  • Standard and Poor’s and Moody’s Investor Services downgrade over 100 bonds backed by subprime mortgages.

July

  • 11 Standard and Poor’s places 612 securities backed by subprime residential mortgages on a credit watch.

(RETURN TO TOP)

The Crash stage 2 (August 2007 - September 2008)

2007

August

    The French BNP Paribas bank freezes several of its funds because it is unable to value their bonds that are backed by US house mortgages. [21]

    The interbank market suffers a virtual collapse [22].

  • 15 The US major mortgage lender Countrywide announces a large increase in subprime mortgage defaults.
  • 31 The US National Association of Realtors announces an expected fall in house prices (the first since the 1930s)

September

  • 13 BBC's Robert Peston reports that the Northern Rock bank was seeking help from the Bank of England.

    UK Northern Rock bank bank run [23]

December

  • 12 The Federal Reserve Board announces the creation of a Term Auction Facility (TAF) in which fixed amounts of term funds will be auctioned to depository institutions against a wide variety of collateral. The bank authorizes temporary reciprocal currency arrangements (swap lines) with the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank . The Federal Reserve states that it will provide up to $20 billion and $4 billion to the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank, respectively, for up to 6 months [24].

(RETURN TO TOP)

2008

January

  • US mortgage lender Countrywide sold to Bank of America after its share price drops by 48% [25].

February

  • The Northern Rock bank is "nationalised [26].

March

  • The Bear Stearns investment bank is rescued [27] - the JP Morgan Chase bank agrees to buy Bear Stearns for $10 a share (compared with previous week's market price of $18 and previous October's price of $131), supported by Treasury Department guarantees limiting losses on the purchase to $1 billion, and by Federal Reserve purchases of $30 billion of Bear's Assets. {GT258}

April

  • Bank of England announces its Special Liquidity Scheme to allow banks to swap some of their illiquid assets for liquid Treasury Bills for up to three years [29].

June

  • US house prices fall to 20% below their 2006 peak [30].

July

  • The crude oil price peaks at $145 per barrel (compared with $70 in July 2007)[31]

August

(RETURN TO TOP)

The Crash stage 3 (September - December 2008)

2008

September

Negotiations with possible private sector rescuers fail [37]
  • 16 $785m worth of Lehman Brother's funds are written off and money market investors suffer a massive loss [38].
panic in the money market and the virtual collapse of the interbank market
  • 17 The American Insurance Group is "nationalised" [39].
  • UK's Halifax/Bank of Scotland bank is rescued from bankruptcy by a bid from Lloyds TSB [40].
  • 18 Paulson Rescue plan proposed (US Treasury scheme to take "toxic assets" out of the US banking system) [41]
  • 23 The Federal Reserve Board announces a scheme to protect the Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley investment banks from failure [44].
  • 26 The Washington Mutual bank is closed and its assets are sold to the JP Morgan Chase bank [45].
  • Coordinated support is provided to their banks by US, UK, European and Swiss central banks [46].
  • 28 The UK Bradford and Bingley is "nationalised" [47].
Multiple European bank rescues [48].

/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4849302.ece].

The Irish government announces that it will guarantee all deposits in Irish banks - assuming a liability of €440 billion: more than twice Ireland’s gross domestic product[49].

(RETURN TO TOP)

October 1-7

  • 3 The (modified) $700 billion Paulson Plan (to purchase toxic assets) approved by Congress [50].
The Dutch Fortis and ABN Amro banks are "nationalised" [51].
The German Hypo Real Estate bank is rescued [52]
Iceland suffers an economic crisis [53].
  • 6 The US Wachovia Corporation is to be rescued by a takeover by the Wells Fargo bank [54].
  • 7 More European bank rescues [55].
UK credit insurer withdraws cover [56].

Systemic rescue

October

  • 8 UK Chancellor of the Exchequer announces unlimited support to all UK banks. His £500 billion bank rescue plan undertakes to inject capital or take equity in banks and to guarantee interbank lending, as required [57] [58].
  • 11 US President Bush announces a similar bank rescue plan [59].
  • 12 European Union leaders agree to adopt similar bank rescue plan [60].
  • 19 A German bank rescue plan is agreed [61].
  • 21 The US Federal Reserve Bank offers $540 billion loan support to money market mutual funds [62].

(RETURN TO TOP)

November

  • 12 A US government plan to purchase "toxic assets" is abandoned [64] [65]
  • 23 The US Citigroup bank is rescued (the US government makes $20 billion cash injection and guarantees against loss on $306 billion of illiquid assets [66] [67] [68][69]
The US Federal Reserve Bank promises to buy up to $500 billion worth of mortgage-backed securities guarantee by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and up to $100billion worth of their direct debt [70].
(for later events see the recession of 2009 timeline)